The White Motor Co.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Oct 14, 1947

75 N.L.R.B. 63 (N.L.R.B. 1947)

In the Matter of THE WHITE MOTOR COMPANY and FOREMAN'S ASSO-
CIATION OF AMERICA (INDEPENDENT), CHAPTER 102
Case No. 8-C-2031.-Decided October 144, 1947
Mr. Thomas E. Shroyer, for the Board.
Messrs. John H. Watson, Jr., and Robert A. Wheeler, of Cleveland,
Ohio, for the respondent:
Mr. Lorin F. Hibbard, of Akron, Ohio, and Mr. Harry Grams, of
Cleveland, Ohio, for the Union.
DECISION
AND
ORDER
On January 3, 1947, Trial Examiner William J. Scott issued his In-
termediate Report in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that the
respondent had unlawfully refused to bargain with the Union as the
collective bargaining representative of a unit of its supervisory em-
ployees previously found appropriate by the Board,' and recommend-
ing that it cease and desist therefrom and take certain affirmative ac-
tion, as set forth in the copy of the Intermediate Report attached
hereto. Thereafter the respondent filed exceptions to the Intermediate
Report, a supporting brief, and a request for oral argument. In view
of our disposition of the case, the Board deems oral argument un-
necessary and hereby revokes its previous action granting the re-
spondent's request.
Since the issuance of the Intermediate Report herein, the National
Labor Relations Act has been amended so as to exclude "any individual
employed as a supervisor" from the definition of "employee" contained
in the Act.2 Supervisory employees are therefore now outside the
coverage of the Act. We are therefore of the opinion, without con-
sidering the merits of the case, that it would not effectuate the policies
of the Act, as amended, to require the respondent to take any remedial
action in this case, which involves nothing except a refusal to bar-
gain.i Accordingly, we shall dismiss the complaint.
1 Mattei of The White Motor Company, 67 N L R B. 828. The Union won the election
and was certified by the Board on June 17, 1946.
2 Section 2 ( 3) and ( 11) of the Act, as amended.
3 Matter of Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 75 N L R. B 1 ; L. A. Young Spring &
I iieCoipo,ationv . N.L.R.B,163F . ( 2d) 905 (C.A-D.C).
75N L R P,No.8.
63
64 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
ORDER
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the complaint against the respondent, The
White Motor Company, Cleveland, Ohio, be, and it hereby is, dismissed.
INTERMEDIATE REPORT
Mr. Thomas E Shroyer, for the Board.
Messrs. John H. Watson, Jr, and Robert A. Wheeler, of Cleveland, Ohio, for
the respondent
Mr. Lorin F. Hibbard, of Akron, Ohio, and Mr. Harry Grams, of Cleveland,
Ohio, for the Union.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Upon a charge duly filed by Foreman's Association of America (Independent),
Chapter 102, herein called the Union, the National Labor Relations Board, herein
called the Board, by the Regional Director for the Eighth Region (Cleveland,
Ohio), issued its complaint dated November 7, 1946, against The White Motor
Company, Cleveland, Ohio, herein called the respondent, alleging that the re-
spondent had engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor practices affecting com-
merce within the meaning of Section 8 (1) and (5) and Section 2 (6) and (7) of
the National Labor Relations Act, 49 Stat. 449. herein called the Act. Copies of
the complaint, accompanied by notice of hearing thereon, were duly served upon
the respondent and the Union.
With respect to unfair labor practices, the complaint alleges in substance, that
the Union, having been duly chosen on or about May 23, 1946, by a majority of
the employees in a unit of the employees of respondent defined therein and alleged
to be appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining within the meaning of
Section 9 (b) of the Act, as their representative for purposes of collective bargain-
ing, by virtue of Section 9 (a) of the Act, his been and is now the exclusive
representative of all the employees in such unit for the purposes of collective
bargaining with respect to wages, hours of employment, rates of pay, and other
conditions of employment; that on or about August 2 and 25, 1946, the Union
Iequested the respondent to bargain collectively with it in respect to wages,
hours of employment, rates of pay, and other conditions of employment as the
exclusive representative of the employees in the unit; and that on said dates,
respondent refused and ever since has continued to refuse to bargain collectively
with the Union as such representative, and by such action has engaged in and is
engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Section 8 (1) and (5)
of the Act.
Upon due notice, a hearing was held at Cleveland, Ohio, on December 2, 1946,
before the undersigned, the Trial Examiner duly designated by the Chief Trial
Examiner. The Board, the respondent, and the Union appeared and were repre-
sented All parties participated in the hearing and were afforded full opportunity
to be heard, to examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence
hearing on the issues. At the beginning of the Board's case the respondent moved
to dismiss the complaint This motion was denied. Similar motions were made
at the close of the Board's case, and also at the close of the evidence, upon which
rulings were reserved Those motions are hereby denied. Although afforded
opportunity to do so, none of the parties has submitted bricks to the undersigned
The issues were argued orally at the close of the evidence.
Upon the entire record in the case, and from his observation of the witnesses,
the undersigned makes the following:
I
THE WHITE MOTOR COMPANY
FINDINGS OF FACT
I THE BUSINESS OF THE RESPONDENT
65
The White Motor Company is an Ohio corporation having its principal office
and place of business in Cleveland, Ohio, where it is engaged in the manufacture,
sale and distribution of motor trucks and busses. During 1945 the respondent
purchased raw materials valued in excess of $25,000,000, more than 50 percent
of which was shipped fiom points outside the State of Ohio. During the same
period its manufactured products were in excess of $25,000,000, of which more
than 50 percent was shipped to points outside the State of Ohio.
The undersigned finds that the respondent is engaged in commerce within the
meaning of the Act.
it. THE ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
Foreman's Association of America (Independent), Chapter 102, is an unaffili-
ated organization admitting to membership supervisory employees of the
respondent. It exists for the purpose of acting as a collective bargaining repre-
sentative for such employees . It is therefore found, contrary to the position
asserted in the respondent's answer, that the Association is a labor organization
as defined in Section 2 (5) of the Act.
III. THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. The refusal to bargain collectively
1 The appropriate unit
On April 26, 1946, the Board, in a Decision and Diiection of Election; found that
all foremen and assistant foremen employed in the following divisions of the
Cleveland, Ohio, plant of The White Motor Company: General Service, Material
Control, Works Manager, Non Current, Cab, Sheet Metal, Truck, Engine and
Axle, Quality Control, Coach, Engineering, and Learners, including Fire Warden
and Assistant Fire Warden in Industrial Relations, Assistant Planning Super-
visor and Production Control Foreman (Block 13) in Material Control, Assistant
(Block 24) in Works Manager, Supervisor of Tool Crib in Engine and Axle, Senior
Inspectors in Quality Control, and Road Test Shop and Foreman Driver in Engi-
neering; but excluding Production Control Foreman (Block 12) in Material Con-
trol and all supervisors in the following divisions: Export Sales, Sales, Govern-
ment Service Paits, Purchasing, Controllers, Treasury, and Office of the Secre-
taiy, and all superintendents, general foremen, and supervisors above the rank
of superintendent or general foreman, constitute a unit appropriate for the pur-
poses of collective bargaining within the meaning of Section 9 (b) of the Act.
It is found that the above-described groups of employees constitute a unit appro-
priate for the purposes of collective bargaining within the meaning of Section
9 (b) of the Act.2
1 White Motor Company, 67 N L R II 82S
2 At the instant beam fig the respondent offered in evidence the transcript of certain
testimony given by representatives or witnesses for the Foreman's Association of America
in other Boaid pioceedmgs in which the Association was seeking certification as a bargain-
ing representative. This testimony dealt with acts and attitudes of cei tam supervisory
emplovees who were members of the Association, in carrying on their union activity.
This testimony was admitted into evidence at the instant heating In sum, the purpose
of this evidence was to show an asserted irreconcilable conflict between the managerial
status, so-called, of supervisory employees and union of Nation The undersigned, how-
ever , finds no basis in this evidence for modification of the Board ' s unit findings.
66 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
2. The Union's majority
On May 23, 1946, pursuant to the Board's Decision and Direction of Election,
an election was held under the direction and supervision of the Board's Regional
Director, among the employees in the appropriate unit, to determine whether they
desired to be represented by the Union for the purposes of collective bargaining.
In this election a majority of the said employees voted for the Union 8 On June
17, 1946, no objections having been filed to the conduct of the election, the Board
issued its Certification of Representatives, certifying that the Union was the
exclusive bargaining representative of the employees in the appropriate unit.
It is found that on May 23, 1946, and at all times thereafter, the Union was,
and is now, the exclusive representative of all the employees in the appropriate
unit, within the meaning of Section 9 (a) of the Act, for the purposes of collective
bargaining with respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of employment, and other
conditions of employment.
0
3. The refusal to bargain
Under date of July 15, 1946, the Union, by letter addressed to the respondent,
requested a meeting with the respondent for the purpose of bargaining collec-
tively concerning the employees in the appropriate unit.
The respondent stipulated on the record herein that it did not reply to the
above-mentioned letter and that on August 2, and again on August 25, 1946, it
refused and has ever since refused to bargain collectively with the Union for the
employees in said unit.
The respondent contends that foremen are a part of management and not
employees within the meaning of the Act ; "that even if foremen or other per-
sonnel constituting a part of management could legally be included within the
unit, the Board under its powers under Section 9 (b) and (c) arbitrarily and
erroneously placed within the unit here involved the persons defined and men-
tioned" in the alleged appropriate unit.
4. Conclusions as to refusal to bargain
The Board has considered similar contentions in the Packai d 4 case and found
them to be without merit.
The undersigned concludes and finds on the basis of the foregoing that the
respondent on August 2, 1946, and at all times thereafter has refused to bargain
collectively with the Union as the exclusive representative of its employees in
an appropriate unit in respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of employment and
other conditions of employment and has thereby interfered with, restrained,
and coerced its employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 7
of the Act.
IV. THE EFFECT OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES UPON COMMERCE
The activities of the respondent set forth in Section III, above, occurring in
connection with the operations of the respondent described in Section I, above,
have a close, intimate, and substantial relation to trade, traffic, and commerce
among the several States, and tend to lead to labor disputes burdening and ob-
structing commerce and the free flow of commerce.
3 Tally of Ballots showed that of approximately 130 eligible voters, 128 cast valid
ballots, 116 for the Union, 12 against
' See Matter of Packard Motor Car Co., 64 N L. R B 1212, aff'd 157 F. (2d) 80
(C C A 6)
THE WHITE MOTOR COMPANY
V. THE REMEDY
67
Since it has been found that the respondent has engaged in unfair labor prac-
tices, it will be recommended that it cease and desist therefrom and take certain
affirmative action designed to effectuate the policies of the Act.
Because of the basis of the respondent's refusal to bargain as indicated in the
facts found, and because of the absence of any evidence that danger of other
unfair labor practices is to be anticipated from the respondent's conduct in the
past, the undersigned will not recommend that the respondent cease and desist
from the commission of any other unfair labor practices. Nevertheless, in order
to effectuate the policies of the Act, the undersigned will recommend that the
respondent cease and desist from the unfair labor practices found and from
any other acts in any manner interfering with the efforts of the Union to ne-
gotiate for or represent the employees as exclusive bargaining agent in the unit
herein found appropriate.
Upon the basis of the above findings of fact and upon the entire record in the
case, the undersigned makes the following :
CONCLUSIONS or LAW
1. Foreman's Association of America (Independent), Chapter 102, is a labor
organization within the meaning of Section 2 (5) of the Act.
2. All foremen and assistant foremen employed in the following divisions of
the Cleveland, Ohio, plant of The White Motor Company : General Service, Ma-
terial Control, Works Manager, Non Current, Cab, Sheet Metal, Truck, Engine
and Axle, Quality Control, Coach, Engineering, and Learners ; including Fire
Warden and Assistant Fire Warden in Industrial Relations, Assistant Planning
Supervisor and Production Control Foreman (Block 13) in Material Control,
Assistant (Block 24) in Works Manager, Supervisor of Tool Crib in Engine and
Axle, Senior Inspectors in Quality Control, and Road Test Shop and Foreman
Driver in Engineering; but excluding Production Control Foreman (Block 12)
in Material Control and all supervisors in the following divisions: Export Sales,
Sales, Government Service Parts, Purchasing, Controllers, Treasury, and Office
of the Secretary, and all superintendents, general foremen, and supervisois above
the rank of superintendent or general foreman, constitute a unit appropriate for
the purpose of collective bargaining within the meaning of Section 9 (b) of
the Act.
3. Foreman's Association of America (Independent), Chapter 102, was, on May
23, 1946, and at all times thereafter has been the exclusive representative of all
the employees in the aforesaid appropriate unit for the purposes of collective bar-
gaining, within the meaning of Section 9 (a) of the Act.
4. By refusing on August 2, 1946, and at all times thereafter, to bargain col-
lectively with Foreman's Association of America (Independent), Chapter 102, as
the exclusive representative of its employees in the appropriate unit, the re-
spondent has engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor practices within the
meaning of Section 8 (5) of the Act.
5 By said acts, the respondent has interfered with, restrained, and coerced
its employees in said unit, in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 7
of the Act, thereby engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of
Section 8 (1) of the Act.
6. The aforesaid unfair labor practices are unfair labor practices affecting
commerce within the meaning of Section 2 (6) and (7) of the Act.
0
68 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
RECOM\1 ENDATION S
Upon the basis of the above findings of fact and conclusions of law, and upon
the entire record in the case, the undersigned recommends that the respondent,
The White Motor Company, Cleveland, Ohio, its officers, agents, successors, and
assigns shall:
1. Cease and desist from :
(a) Refusing to bargain collectively with Foreman's Association of America
(Independent), Chapter 102, as the exclusive representative of all foremen and
assistant foremen employed in the following divisions of the Cleveland, Ohio,
plant of The White Motor Company: General Service, Material Control, Works
Manager, Non Current, Cab, Sheet Metal, Truck, Engine and Axle, Quality Con-
trol, Coach, Engineering, and Learners; including Fire Warden and Assistant
Fire Warden in Industrial Relations, Assistant Planning Supervisor and Produc-
tion Control Foreman (Block 13) in Material Control, Assistant (Block 24) in
Works Manager, Supervisor of Tool Crib in Engine and Axle, Senior Inspectors
in Quality Control, and Road Test Shop and Foreman Driver in Engineering;
but excluding Production Control Foreman (Block 121) in Material Control and all
supervisors in the following divisions: Export Sales, Sales, Government Service
Parts, Purchasing, Controllers, Treasury, and Office of the Secretary, and all
superintendents, general foremen, and supervisors above the rank of superin-
tendent or general foreman, in respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of employ-
ment, and other conditions of employment ;
(b) In any manner interfeiing with the efforts of Foreman's Association of
America (Independent), Chapter 102, to bargain collectively with it on behalf
of the employees in the aforesaid appropriate unit.
2. Take the following affirmative action which the undersigned finds will
effectuate the policies of the Act:
(a) Upon request bargain collectively with Foreman's Association of America
(Independent), Chaper 102. as the exclusive representative of all its employees in
the aforesaid appropriate unit, with respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of em-
ploynient, or other conditions of employment, and if an understanding is reached,
embody such understanding in a written signed agreement;
(b) Post at its plant in Cleveland, Ohio, copies of the notice attached hereto
marked "Appendix A." Copies of said notice. to be furnished by the Regional
Director for the Eighth Region, shall, after being duly signed by the respondent's
representative, be posted by the respondent immediately upon receipt thereof,
and maintained by it for sixty (60) consecutive days thereafter in conspicuous
places, including all places where notices to employees are customarily posted.
Reasonable steps shall be taken by the respondent to insure that said notices
are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material;
(c) Notify the Regional Director for the Eighth Region (Cleveland, Ohio),
in writing, within ten (10) clays from the receipt of this Intermediate Report,
what steps the respondent has taken to comply herewith.
It is further recommended that unless on or before ten (10) days from the
date of the receipt of this Intermediate Report the respondent notifies the said
Regional Director in writing that it will comply with the foregoing recommenda-
tions, the National Labor Relations Board issue an order requiring the respond-
ent to take the action aforesaid.
As provided in Section 203 39 of the Rules and Regulations of the National
Labor Relations Board, Series 4, effective September 11, 1946, any party or
counsel for the Board, may, within fifteen (15) days from the date of service of
the order transferring the case to the Board, pursuant to Section 203.38 of said
Rules and Regulations, file with the Board, Rochambeau Building, Washington
THE WHITE MOTOR COMPANY 69
25, D C, an original and four copies of a statement in writing selling forth such
exceptions to the Intermediate Report or to any other part of the record or pro-
ceeding (including rulings upon all motions or objections) as he relies upon,
together with the original and four copies of a brief in support thereof; and any
party or counsel for the Board may, within the same period, file an original and
four copies of a brief in support of the Intermediate Report Immediately upon
the filing of such statement of exceptions and/or briefs, the party or counsel for
the Board filing the same shall serve a copy thereof upon each of the other parties
and shall file a copy with the Regional Director. As further provided in said
Section 203 39, should any party desire permission to argue orally before the
Board, request therefor must be made in writing to the Board within ten (10)
days from the date of service of the older transferring the case to the Board
WILLIAM J Scorr,
Ti cal Examiner.
Dated January 3, 1947.
APPENDIX A
NOTICE To ALL EMPLOYEES
Pursuant to the recommendations of a Trial Examiner of the National Labor
Relations Board, and in order to effectuate the policies of the National Labor
Relations Act, we hereby notify our employees that :
We will bargain collectively upon request with Foreman's Association of
America (Independent), Chapter 102, as the exclusive representative of all
supervisory employees in the bargaining unit described herein with respect
to rates of pay, bolus of employment, or other conditions of employment;
and, if an understanding is reached, embody such understanding in a signed
agreement. The bargaining unit is:
All foremen and assistant foremen employed in the following divisions of
our Cleveland, Ohio, plant • General Service, Material Control, Works Man-
ager, Non Current, Cab, Sheet Metal, Truck, Engine and Axle, Quality Control,
Coach, Engineering, and Learners; including Fire Warden and Assistant
Fire Warden in Industrial Relations, Assistant Planning Supervisor and
Production Control Foreman (Block 13) in -Material Control, Assistant
(Block 24) in Works Manager, Supervisor of Tool Crib in Engine and Axle,
Senior Inspectors in Quality Control, and Road Test Shop and Foreman
Driver in Engineering; but excluding Pioduction Control Foreman (Block
12) in Material Control and all supervisors in the following divisions: Export
Sales, Sales, Government Seri ice Parts, Purchasing, Controllers, Treasury,
and Office of the Secretary, and all superintendents, general foremen, and
supervisors above the rank of superintendent or general foreman
We will not in any manner interfere with the efforts of the above-named
Union to bargain collectively with us as the exclusive representatives of all
our employees in the aforesaid described appropriate unit.
THE WxrrE MOTOR COMPANY,
By ------------------- -----------------
(Representative) (Title)
Dated------------------------
766972-48-vol. 75 6