Teamsters, Local 657 (Texia Productions)

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jul 29, 2004

342 N.L.R.B. 637 (N.L.R.B. 2004)

TEAMSTERS LOCAL 657 (TEXIA PRODUCTIONS)
342 NLRB No. 59
637
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local Union
No. 657 (Texia Productions, Inc.) and Victor De
La Fuente. Case 16–CB–6348
July 29, 2004
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN BATTISTA AND MEMBERS SCHAUMBER
AND WALSH
On February 23, 2004, Administrative Law Judge
Keltner W. Locke issued the attached bench decision.
The Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting brief.
The General Counsel and the Charging Party filed an-
swering briefs.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings,1 and conclusions,
and to adopt the recommended Order as modified and set
forth in full below.2
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, International Brotherhood of Teamsters,
Local Union No. 657, San Antonio, Texas, its officers,
agents, and representatives, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Removing any job applicant from its craft referral
list and refusing to register or refer the applicant to em-
ployers because the applicant criticized the manner in
which union officers performed their jobs or otherwise

1 The judge professed not to apply the analytical framework set out
in Wright Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662 F.2d 899 (1st Cir.
1981), cert. denied 455 U.S. 989 (1982), because he found Respon-
dent’s asserted reasons for removing De La Fuente from the referral list
were pretextual. However, the Board has held that Wright Line does
apply in pretext cases. See, e.g., Taylor & Gaskin, Inc., 277 NLRB 563
fn. 2 (1985). Our disagreement with the judge does not change the
result here because the judge’s findings and conclusions fully satisfy
the analytical objectives of Wright Line. Thus, the judge found, and we
agree, that De La Fuente’s protected conduct in criticizing a union
officer and otherwise engaging in dissident union activity was a moti-
vating factor in his removal from the referral list. The burden then
shifted to the Respondent to show that the same action would have
taken place even in the absence of De La Fuente’s protected activity.
The judge further found, and we agree, that the Respondent’s proffered
explanation for its conduct was pretextual. Accordingly, the Respon-
dent necessarily failed to show that it would have taken the same action
absent De La Fuente’s protected conduct, and so there is no need to
perform the second part of the Wright Line analysis. See Golden State
Foods, 340 NLRB 382, 385 (2003) (citing Limestone Apparel Corp.,
255 NLRB 722 (1981), enfd. 705 F.2d 799 (6th Cir. 1982)).
2 We shall modify the judge’s recommended Order to conform to the
Board’s standard remedial language and in accordance with Ferguson
Electric Co., 335 NLRB 142 (2001). We shall also substitute a new
notice.
engaged in dissident intraunion activity protected by the
National Labor Relations Act.
(b) In any like or related manner restraining or coerc-
ing employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed
them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, restore
Victor De La Fuente’s name to the motion picture craft
referral list.
(b) Make Victor De La Fuente whole for any loss of
earnings and other benefits suffered as a result of the
Respondent’s unlawful conduct, with interest as pre-
scribed in New Horizons for the Retarded, 283 NLRB
1173 (1987).
(c) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, or such
additional time as the Regional Director may allow for
good cause shown, provide at a reasonable place desig-
nated by the Board or its agents, all referral records, pay-
roll records, social security payment records, timecards,
personnel records and reports, and all other records, in-
cluding an electronic copy of such records if stored in
electronic form, necessary to analyze the amount of
backpay due under the terms of this Order.
(d) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its offices in San Antonio, Texas, copies of the attached
notice marked “Appendix.”3 Copies of the notice, on
forms provided by the Regional Director for Region 16,
after being signed by the Respondent's authorized repre-
sentative, shall be posted by the Respondent and main-
tained for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous places,
including all places where notices to members are cus-
tomarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by the
Respondent to ensure that the notices are not altered,
defaced, or covered by any other material.
(e) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO MEMBERS
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

3 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 638
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey
this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain on your behalf
with your employer
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.

WE WILL NOT remove any job applicant from any craft refer-
ral list because that person criticized the manner in which union
officers performed their jobs or otherwise engaged in dissident
intraunion activity protected by the National Labor Relations
Act.
WE WILL NOT refuse to register for referral, or to refer
for employment, any job applicant because that person
criticized the manner in which union officers performed
their jobs or otherwise engaged in dissident intraunion
activity protected by the National Labor Relations Act.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner restrain or
coerce you in the exercise of the rights set forth above.
WE WILL, within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
order, restore the name of Victor De La Fuente to our
motion picture craft referral list.
WE WILL make Victor De La Fuente whole, with inter-
est, for any losses he suffered because we removed his
name from the motion picture craft referral list, refused
to register him for referral, and refused to refer him.
INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF
TEAMSTERS, LOCAL UNION NO. 657

Jamal M. Allen, Esq., for the General Counsel.
James L. Hicks Jr., Esq., of Dallas, Texas, for the Respondent.
Ricardo E. Calderon, Esq., of Eagle Pass, Texas, for the Charg-
ing Party.
BENCH DECISION AND CERTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
KELTNER W. LOCKE, Administrative Law Judge. I heard this
case on January 14 and 15, 2004, in San Antonio, Texas. On
January 20, 2004, counsel presented oral argument, and on
January 21, 2004, I issued a Bench Decision pursuant to Sec-
tion 102.35(a)(1) of the Board’s Rules and Regulations, and
closed the hearing.
In accordance with Section 102.45 of the Rules and Regula-
tions, I certify the accuracy of, and attach hereto as “Appendix
A,” the portion of the transcript containing this decision.1 The

1 The bench decision appears in uncorrected form at pp. 608 through
630 of the transcript. The final version, after correction of oral and
transcriptional errors, is attached as Appendix A to this Certification.
conclusions of law, remedy, Order and notice provisions are set
forth below.
Respondent’s Posthearing Motion To Reopen the Record
On February 2, 2004, Respondent filed a “Motion of Re-
spondent to Reopen the Record for the Purpose of Taking Pre-
viously Unavailable and/or Recently Discovered Evidence.” To
this motion, Respondent appended certain documents it seeks to
introduce into evidence. Respondent’s motion stated, in perti-
nent part, as follows:

I.
Respondent represents and will prove [at] the time of a
reopened hearing the following through Respondent’s of-
fice secretary Esmeralda Ross that she in November of last
year “lost” certain files contained in her computer. A
computer expert was hired to find and retrieve those files
and did so on November 19, 2003.
On January 22, 2004 Ross was preparing her 2004
files and in doing so located certain of these retrieved files.
She could not open them because they were not in Micro-
soft Word format. When she changed the format, she was
able to open and discover a number of files including
those containing the documents attached to this motion.
The first document headed Rules of Conduct for the
Motion Picture Industry reflect[s] that such rules were
made effective Monday, February 27, 1995 and that such
had the informal blessing of the Executive Board which
intended to formally adopt them at its next meeting.
Article I of the Rules specifies that in order to be in the
craft members must have worked twenty-four (24) months
in the craft as of February 27, 1995. Charging Party De La
Fuente did not, at that time, meet this criteria and there is
no indication in the rules that De La Fuente was granted
any exception under these rules.
The second set of documents attached are rosters of
craft members working on various films at the time the
rules were adopted. De La Fuente is not indicated as work-
ing [as] a craft member or considered as a craft member.
II.
The foregoing facts bear upon and are contradictory to
certain fact findings made in the Administrative Law
Judge’s Bench Decision. Accordingly, the facts set forth
above are pertinent and relevant and may warrant a differ-
ent result, either upon reconsideration by the Administra-
tive Law Judge or on appeal.
WHEREFORE, Respondent, Teamsters Local 657,
prays that its motion to reopen the record as specified
above be granted.

On February 4, 2004, the General Counsel filed an opposi-
tion to the Respondent’s motion. On February 9, 2004, the
Charging Party filed an opposition. In arguing that the motion
be denied, both the General Counsel and the Charging Party
cite Fitel/Lucent Technologies, 325 NLRB 46 (1998). In that
case, the Board summarized both the definition of “newly dis-
covered evidence” and the standard which must be satisfied to
warrant reopening of the record:
TEAMSTERS LOCAL 657 (TEXIA PRODUCTIONS) 639

Newly discovered evidence is evidence which was in exis-
tence at the time of the hearing, and of which the movant was
excusably ignorant. A motion seeking to introduce evidence
as newly discovered must also show facts from which it can
be determined that the movant acted with reasonable diligence
to uncover and introduce the evidence. Owen Lee Floor Ser-
vice, Inc., 250 NLRB 651 fn. 2 (1980). To prevail on its mo-
tion, Respondent must show that it acted with the diligence
required to establish that it was excusably ignorant of the exis-
tence of the report that was at all times in its sole possession
and control.

325 NLRB 46 fn 1. To meet these criteria, Respondent must
show all of the following: (1) the records existed at the time of
the hearing, (2) it was excusably ignorant of the existence of
these documents, and (3) that it acted with reasonable diligence
to uncover and introduce the evidence.
Respondent has satisfied the first criterion. The records it
seeks to introduce existed at the time of the hearing.
For several reasons, I conclude that Respondent has not car-
ried its burden of proving either that it was excusably ignorant
of the existence of these documents or that it acted with reason-
able diligence to uncover and introduce this evidence.
Initially, it may be observed that Respondent did not support
its motion with an affidavit. A movant’s conclusory assertion
that it was reasonably diligent does not, standing alone, satisfy
the Board’s test. Fitel/Lucent Technologies, Inc., above.
Moreover, even assuming that Respondent had proven all the
representations in its motion, those facts do not point towards a
conclusion that it was reasonably diligent, but rather in the
opposite direction. It is somewhat of a stretch to conclude that
Respondent could be ignorant, either reasonably or otherwise,
of documents which its own staff had authored.
Absent evidence that a particular person suffered from a
mental defect impairing memory, I would be quite reluctant to
believe that this person was unaware of his own past actions.
Similarly, I would hesitate before concluding that an organiza-
tion, such as Respondent, had no institutional memory of the
actions taken by its own officials.
Respondent does suggest that as an organization, it did suffer
from a condition which impaired its institutional memory,
namely, a computer failure. However, Respondent’s motion
does not specifically state that its staff had failed to back up the
computer’s hard drive. Moreover, Respondent does not discuss
whether or not it possessed hard copies of the documents in
question.
It would seem quite likely that Respondent would make mul-
tiple paper copies of the documents in question, or at least some
of them. For example, Respondent seeks to introduce a docu-
ment captioned “RULES OF CONDUCT FOR THE MOTION PICTURE
INDUSTRY.” When an organization promulgates a rule, it ordi-
narily distributes or posts a written copy of it, both to inform
affected individuals of the rule and also because publishing the
rule in writing has a psychological effect, impressing upon the
reader the rule’s seriousness, authority, and permanence.
Moreover, the record shows that Respondent did keep writ-
ten records of its actions, including minutes of its executive
board and general membership meetings. Indeed, Respondent
itself introduced more than two dozen records documenting its
actions as an organization. Therefore, I cannot simply assume
that Respondent failed to keep hard copies of the records it
seeks to introduce belatedly.
More fundamentally, Respondent’s own motion indicates
that it had repaired the computer problem and retrieved the
“lost” files well before the hearing opened. Specifically, Re-
spondent’s motion represents that “A computer expert was
hired to find and retrieve those files and did so on November
19, 2003.” In other words, Respondent had the “unavailable”
files in its possession nearly 2 months before hearing.
Respondent’s motion implies, but does not specifically state,
that even though the files had been retrieved from the computer
on November 19, 2003, Respondent’s officials were unaware of
their existence until its secretarial employee came across them
while doing other work on January 22, 2004. If Respondent is,
in fact, arguing that its officers knew nothing of the documents
until the secretary discovered them, such an assertion is in-
credible on its face.
Respondent’s current president, Frank Perkins, gave exten-
sive testimony at the hearing. Perkins was a Union official at all
times material to this proceeding. Indeed, he became secre-
tary/treasurer of the Union in 1995. It is difficult to believe that
the union official charged with responsibility for maintaining
the organization’s records—the secretary/treasurer—would be
unaware that these documents existed. At the very least, I con-
clude that Respondent has failed to carry its burden of showing
that its officials were excusably ignorant that such documents
existed.
Further, Respondent has failed to carry its burden of showing
that it acted with reasonable diligence to uncover and introduce
these documents. The computer expert retrieved the files on
November 19, 2003, and the hearing in this matter did not be-
gin until January 14, 2004. Respondent had ample time to
search its records to find relevant documents. For these reasons,
I deny Respondent’s motion to reopen the record.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practices, I find that it must be ordered to cease and
desist and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectu-
ate the policies of the Act, including posting the notice to em-
ployees attached hereto as Appendix B.
In Teamsters Local 104 (Blue Rodeo), 325 NLRB No. 121
(1998) (not reported in Board volumes), the respondent oper-
ated an exclusive hiring hall which provided drivers to televi-
sion production companies. Thus, the circumstances of em-
ployment were similar to those in the present case, in which
Respondent provides drivers to motion picture production com-
panies. In view of such circumstances, the Board concluded
that posting of the notice at the union hall would not be ade-
quate to remedy the violation:

[I]n view of the nature of the industry involved in this case,
and the itinerant and sporadic working conditions of the af-
fected employees, we shall order the Respondent to mail cop-
ies of the attached notice to its members and to other persons
who have registered on the Drivers/Wranglers referral list at
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 640
any time since March 28, 1996, the first date of the occur-
rence of unfair labor practices.

325 NLRB No. 121, slip op. at 5.
Arguably, a similar remedy would be appropriate in the pre-
sent case. However, I believe that a posting alone is sufficient
here, and that requiring the Respondent to mail copies of the
notice is not necessary.
The Teamsters Local Union 104 case involved a number of
unlawful practices that affected a substantial number of indi-
viduals who used the hiring hall. These violations included,
among others, requiring applicants to pay dues and fees even in
the absence of a valid union-security agreement, requiring ap-
plicants to join the union before they were allowed to register,
and closing the referral list to applicants who had not obtained
approval by a majority vote of craft members. Such unlawful
requirements had a direct adverse impact on the Section 7
rights of everyone who sought to use, the hiring hall.
However, the violation in the present case had an immediate
impact only on the Charging Party. Certainly, the unfair labor
practice could discourage others from speaking out, as the
Charging Party did, at union meetings. However, a notice
posted at the union hall would appear sufficient to inform them
of the Board’s action in this case. Therefore, I believe that im-
posing on Respondent the additional burden of mailing the
notice would be unwarranted.
The remedy, of course, involves more than posting a notice.
Respondent also must undo the economic harm that the Charg-
ing Party sustained because of Respondent’s failure and refusal
to refer him to jobs. Therefore, I recommend that the Board
order Respondent to make Victor De La Fuente whole, with
interest, for any loss of earnings and other benefits he suffered
as a result of Respondent’s discriminatory refusal to refer him
for employment.
The General Counsel has not specifically sought an order re-
quiring Respondent to restore the Charging Party’s name to the
motion picture craft list. However, I believe that such an order
is necessary to provide a full remedy.
In fashioning a remedy, the Board seeks to restore the status
quo ante, to place a discriminatee in the same circumstances
which existed before the unlawful action against him. In ascer-
taining the status quo ante, I rely on the testimony of Archie
Carrillo. Based on my observations of the witnesses, I conclude
that his testimony is reliable and I credit it.
Carrillo testified that on April 8, 2001, he had a conversation
with Respondent’s president, Frank Perkins. Carrillo asked
Perkins to place his name on the motion picture craft referral
list, which Carrillo sometimes called the “A List.” Carrillo told
Perkins that he, Carrillo, had worked on movie productions
since 1976. Carrillo further testified as follows:

Q. Well, what did Mr. Perkins respond to you, sir?
A. Mr. Perkins? His reply to me was that the movie
craft list had been closed, I think, [since] January ‘97, and
that Mr. Victor De La Fuente was the last person to be
added to the A list.

Carrillo’s testimony therefore indicates that as of April 2001,
the Charging Party’s name was included on the Respondent’s
motion picture craft referral list. This testimony is consistent
with that given by Respondent’s former president, Richard
Glasebrook, whom I credited.
Glasebrook became union president in the 1994 election that
ousted the Charging Party from his position as union secre-
tary/treasurer. Because of the change in union leadership, the
Charging Party also lost his appointed position of business
agent. Glasebrook testified that he added the Charging Party’s
name to the motion picture craft referral list to “extend an olive
branch” and try to “heal the wounds of the election.”
After adding the Charging Party’s name, Glasebrook an-
nounced that the list was closed. Glasebrook’s description of
events accords substantially with the explanation that Union
President Perkins gave when he denied Carrillo’s request: The
motion picture craft referral list was closed and De La Fuente
was the last person added to the list.
Based on this credible evidence, I find that the Charging
Party’s name was included on Respondent’s motion picture
craft referral list until Respondent unlawfully removed it on
about December 18, 2002.
Respondent argues that De La Fuente’s name should never
have been included on the list because he did not have the nec-
essary experience. Additionally, Respondent questions the au-
thority of former President Glasebrook to add De La Fuente’s
name to the list on his own volition, without some action by
Respondent’s governing body. If the former union president
acted beyond his authority, De La Fuente’s inclusion on the list
arguably was void ab initio.
However, Respondent did not remove the Charging Party’s
name from the list simply to cure some previous mistake.
Rather, I have concluded that unlawful animus motivated this
decision. Respondent has not shown that but for the Charging
Party’s protected activity, it would have taken the same action,
and the record would not support such a finding.
Because Respondent’s unlawful action resulted in the re-
moval of the Charging Party’s name from the list, the remedy
for this unfair labor practice should include restoration of his
name to the list.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. At all material times, Texia Productions, Inc., has been an
employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
2. The Respondent, International Brotherhood of Teamsters,
Local Union No. 657, is a labor organization within the mean-
ing of Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. The Respondent violated Section 8(b)(1)(A) and Section
8(b)(2) of the Act by removing Victor De La Fuente from Re-
spondent’s motion picture craft referral list on about December
18, 2002, and thereafter failing to register or refer him, because
he engaged in dissident intraunion activities protected by the
Act.
4. The aforesaid unfair labor practices are unfair labor prac-
tices affecting commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6)
and (7) of the Act.
5. Respondent did not violate the Act in any other manner al-
leged in the Complaint.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]
TEAMSTERS LOCAL 657 (TEXIA PRODUCTIONS) 641
APPENDIX A
This decision is issued pursuant to Section 102.35(a)(10) and
Section 102.45 of the Board’s Rules and Regulations. I find
that the Respondent violated Section 8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of the
Act, as alleged.
Procedural History
This case began on January 17, 2003, when the Charging
Party, Victor De La Fuente, filed his initial charge in this pro-
ceeding. On October 30, 2003, after investigation of the charge,
the Regional Director for Region 16 of the National Labor Re-
lations Board issued a Complaint and Notice of Hearing, which
I will call the “Complaint.” In issuing this complaint, the Re-
gional Director acted on behalf of the General Counsel of the
Board, whom I will refer to as the “General Counsel” or as the
“government.”
Respondent, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local
Union No. 657, filed a timely Answer to the Complaint.
On January 14, 2004, a hearing in this matter opened before
me in San Antonio, Texas. The parties presented evidence on
January 14 and 15, 2004. On January 20, 2004, counsel gave
oral argument. Today, January 21, 2004, I am issuing this
bench decision.
Admitted Allegations
Respondent amended its Answer orally after the hearing
opened. Based upon the admissions in Respondent’s Answer,
as amended, I find that the General Counsel has proven the
allegations raised in Complaint paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8.
More specifically, I find that the Charging Party filed and
served the unfair labor practice charge in this proceeding as
alleged. Further, I find that Respondent is a labor organization
within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
Additionally, I find that the Board appropriately may assert
jurisdiction over Respondent because, during the 12 months
preceding the issuance of the Complaint, employers engaged in
commerce have recognized and entered into collective-
bargaining relationships with Respondent in its capacity as the
exclusive bargaining representative of their employees. In that
regard, I find that at all times material to the Complaint, Texia
Productions, Inc., a California corporation engaged in motion
picture production, has met the Board’s standards for assertion
of jurisdiction and is an employer engaged in commerce within
the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
Complaint paragraph 6 alleges that all material times, Frank
Perkins held the position of Respondent’s president and has
been a supervisor of Respondent within the meaning of Section
2(11) and an agent of Respondent within the meaning of Sec-
tion 2(13) of the Act. Respondent admits that Perkins is its
president and its agent, but does not admit that he is a supervi-
sor. Based on Respondent’s admission, I find that Perkins is
Respondent’s president and agent.
Additionally, based on Respondent’s admission, I find that
since about December 18, 2002, Respondent, by Frank Perkins,
removed the Charging Party from the motion picture craft refer-
ral list and has failed and refused to register or refer him for
employment as a craft member, as alleged in Complaint para-
graph 8.
CONTESTED ALLEGATIONS
Complaint Paragraph 7 alleges as follows:

Since on or about July 17, 2003, the Respondent has main-
tained an exclusive hiring hall for the movie craft and entered
into an agreement with the Employer, and various other
movie production companies, which provides the following:
The Producer agrees to request referrals for all drivers re-
quired for work covered by the Agreement, from the Union.

Respondent has denied this allegation.
Although Respondent has admitted that since about Decem-
ber 18, 2002, it removed Charging Party from the movie craft
membership and has failed and refused to register or refer him
for employment, it has denied that it did so because of Charg-
ing Party’s dissident intraunion activities or for reasons other
than failure to tender the periodic dues and initiation fees uni-
formly required for membership, as alleged in Complaint para-
graph 9.
Further, Respondent has denied that its removal of Charging
Party from the movie craft membership list (referral list) and its
failure and refusal to register or refer him violate Section
8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of the Act, as alleged in Complaint para-
graphs 10 and 11, respectively. I will address these issues in the
order they appear in the Complaint.
Does Respondent Operate An Exclusive Hiring Hall?
When California motion picture producers film in the San
Antonio area, they typically rent trucks and other vehicles and
hire local drivers to operate them. Such producers have entered
into a number of collective-bargaining agreements with Re-
spondent, and use Respondent’s referral service as a source of
employees. In the past, motion picture producers have re-
quested employees often enough that Respondent has a separate
list of drivers to be referred to such productions. The drivers on
this list comprise the “motion picture craft.”
On January 1, 2000, Respondent entered into a collective-
bargaining agreement with MPC Productions, LLC, which
filmed part of the movie “Miss Congeniality” in the San Anto-
nio area. This contract typifies the collective-bargaining agree-
ments between Respondent and motion picture producers. Arti-
cle VI of this agreement states as follows:
EMPLOYMENT
(a) The parties hereto recognize the conditions in this indus-
try require the frequent hiring of drivers on a daily non-
continuing basis. For this purpose, the Union shall maintain, for
the convenience of the Producer and the employee, a referral
service which shall in all respects comply with all applicable
provisions of law.
(b) The Producer agrees to request referrals for all drivers re-
quired for work covered by the Agreement, from the Union.
This provision is subject to the following conditions:
(i) Chauffeurs will be referred to the Producer from the Un-
ion on a non-discriminatory basis, and such referrals will in no
way be affected by Union membership or any aspect thereof.
(ii) The Producer retains the right to reject any applicant re-
ferred from the Union.
There is an issue concerning how closely the parties follow
these terms in practice. Respondent contends that in practice,
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 642
employers obtain a significant number of drivers from other
sources and that, accordingly, its hiring hall cannot be consid-
ered “exclusive.”
Film crews lease some vehicles which are specialized, com-
plicated and quite expensive. For example, one truck with elec-
trical generators costs $325,000. The lessor of such a vehicle
commonly wants it to be operated by an experienced driver
whom the lessor knows and trusts. Commonly, the film pro-
ducer will not ask for the Union to refer a driver for this spe-
cialized vehicle but instead will hire the driver designated by
the lessor.
Other specialized needs may result in a producer hiring driv-
ers without regard to their membership in the Respondent’s
“motion picture craft.” For example, during the filming of “The
Alamo,” the producer needed some drivers with special qualifi-
cations, such as a license to haul hazardous materials. Filming
of this motion picture took more than 100 days and for 3 of
those days, the producer employed up to 60 drivers, including 8
to 10 not referred by the Respondent.
Respondent argues that its referral system cannot be consid-
ered an exclusive hiring hall because a motion picture producer
can hire a number of such specialized drivers who are not on
Respondent’s “motion picture craft” list. Respondent also
points to its internal rules governing operation of its referral
service. These “Craft Rules for Pipeline, Movies and Conven-
tion” state, in part, “Movie producers can special request 10
percent of the drivers on any show, however, this request must
be in writing.”
This rule, however, must be considered in the context of the
other rules surrounding it. These rules state, in part, as follows:

A. Teamsters Local Union No. 657 has jurisdiction
over different crafts including pipeline, movies and con-
vention.
B. Each of these industries is considered a craft. The
Local Union maintains a list of the regular craft members.
C. Craft members who are in movie, pipeline and con-
vention prior to January 1, 1995 will be considered the A-
List for those crafts. The A-list members will be referred
first. If the craft A-list is exhausted, extra members will be
referred from the Local 657 call list.

. . . .

G. Movie A-list craft members will be referred on a
work-time rotational basis. The Local Union will acquire
the call sheets from the production company and will keep
track of how many weeks each member has worked. The
member with the least amount of weeks worked will be
the next referred as long as he or she is qualified and
available to perform the work.

H. Movie producers can special request 10% of the
drivers on any show, however, this request must be in
writing.

. . . .

J. If the work load justifies adding additional members
to a craft list, they will be drawn from the Local 657 call
list by order of who has performed the most work in that
craft.
K. Referrals by the Local Union are made on a nondis-
criminatory basis and are not based on or in any way af-
fected by race, sex, age, national origin, disability, relig-
ion, or lawful union-related activity.

Taken as a whole, these rules do not relieve an employer
which signed the collective-bargaining agreement from the
obligation to “request referrals for all drivers required for work
covered by the Agreement, from the Union.” (Emphasis added)
Rather, the Respondent’s internal rules simply specify how it
will select the drivers to be referred.
For example, Rule H provides that “producers can special
request 10% of the drivers on any show, however, this request
must be in writing.” This rule does not eliminate the require-
ment that a signatory employer must come to the Union for
referrals but instead reaffirms that requirement. Even when
such an employer wants to hire a particular driver with unusual
qualifications or experience, the rule doesn’t free the employer
to approach that driver directly and hire him without going
through the Union. To the contrary, the employer must present
such a request to Respondent and, in fact, do so in writing.
Under its internal rules, the Union maintains two separate
lists of “members” who can be referred. Those on the “A-List”
have previous experience working for motion picture producers
and they take priority. However, the rules still allow the Union
to refer members on the more general call list under certain
circumstances.
The record certainly indicates that movie producers em-
ployed some drivers who were not on the “A-List,” that is, the
list of drivers in the “motion picture craft.” However, persua-
sive evidence does not establish that producers simply bypassed
the Union and hired the drivers without the Union’s knowledge
or consent.
The General Counsel bears the burden of proving that Re-
spondent operated an exclusive hiring hall. On its face, the
language in the collective-bargaining agreement creates such an
exclusive referral system and, in the absence of contrary evi-
dence, the contractual language is sufficient to carry the gov-
ernment’s burden of proof.
Respondent’s evidence does not establish that in practice, the
parties simply ignored this contract term. It certainly would not
be in the Respondent’s interest to turn a blind eye to instances
in which an employer violated this provision. Absent persua-
sive evidence that Respondent countenanced violations of its
referral clause, I will not simply assume that after winning such
a significant agreement, Respondent failed to enforce it. The
present record does not provide such persuasive evidence.
Ironically, the General Counsel and the Charging Party did
present evidence raising a question about how diligently Re-
spondent maintained the exclusive hiring agreement. Indeed,
the Charging Party’s protected activity consisted, in part, of
protests that the Union officers were failing to hold employers
to the exclusive hiring hall agreement.
Most notably, at a membership meeting in December 2002,
the Charging Party told Respondent’s president, Frank Perkins,
“to get off his dead ass and start enforcing the rules.” The Gen-
TEAMSTERS LOCAL 657 (TEXIA PRODUCTIONS) 643
eral Counsel argues that this statement, made in front of the
Union membership, culminated Charging Party’s long history
of criticizing the Union leadership and precipitated the dis-
crimination against him.
Although the Charging Party’s statement to the Union presi-
dent constitutes protected activity, it would not be appropriate
to consider it for the truth of the matter asserted. As an out-of-
court declaration, it constitutes hearsay if offered for that pur-
pose.
Additionally, I have some concerns about the reliability of
the Charging Party’s testimony. Often, he did not respond to
the specific question asked, but instead gave a long rambling
answer which mixed his opinions with his recollection of facts.
This tendency detracted from the weight accorded to this testi-
mony.
Additionally, the Charging Party’s recollection may have
been affected by a bias against the current Union officers. The
Charging Party previously had been Respondent’s secretary-
treasurer, but lost in 1994 to Frank Perkins, who is now Re-
spondent’s president. Additionally, when the Charging Party
lost this elective position, he also lost his staff position as busi-
ness agent, which Perkins then assumed.
Partisan feelings, if not bitterness, may have colored his
opinions about the current Union leadership, headed by Per-
kins, and its effectiveness enforcing the collective-bargaining
agreement. Indeed, the emphatic tone of Charging Party’s De-
cember 2002 statement to Perkins - that Perkins should “get off
his dead ass” and begin enforcing the Union rules better - is
consistent with such hard feelings.
Other witnesses corroborate that the Charging Party made
the “get off his dead ass” statement during the Union meeting,
and Respondent has admitted removing the Charging Party’s
name from the “motion picture craft” list. Therefore, I find that
these events took place. On the other hand, I view Charging
Party’s opinions about the operation of Respondent’s hiring
hall to be merely that, opinions, which should not be accorded
the status of fact.
In sum, I conclude that credible evidence does not support a
finding that Union officials allowed the contractual referral
system to be ignored or that motion picture producers fre-
quently bypassed it.
In Development Consultants, 300 NLRB 479 (1990), an em-
ployer and a union had entered into a collective-bargaining
agreement providing that the “local union having jurisdiction
shall be recognized as the principal source of laborers and shall
be given the first opportunity to refer qualified applicants for
employment.” The Board held that this clause did not establish
an exclusive hiring hall because it could be interpreted to re-
quire only that the local union be given the first opportunity to
refer applicants.
By comparison, the contractual language in the present case
states that the signatory employer agrees “to request referrals
for all drivers required for work covered by the Agreement,
from the Union.” (Emphasis added) The word “all” leaves no
alternative. Other contractual language certainly gave an em-
ployer the right to refuse to hire an applicant referred by the
Respondent but the provision did not state that an employer,
having rejected an applicant, could then bypass the Respondent
and fill the position by hiring from another source. To the con-
trary, it seems clear that Respondent would then refer the em-
ployer another driver.
In these circumstances, I conclude that Respondent did operate
an exclusive hiring hall, as alleged in Complaint paragraph 7.
8(B)(1)(A) AND 8(B)(2) ALLEGATIONS
The Charging Party has been a member of Respondent since
1975 or 1976. From 1982 to the end of 1994, Charging Party
served as one of Respondent’s business agents. Also, from
1991 to 1994, he held the elective office of Respondent’s secre-
tary-treasurer. The current Union president, Frank Perkins,
defeated the Charging Party in a 1994 election and assumed the
office of business representative.
In late December 1994 or very early in 1995, the incoming
Union president, Richard Glasebrook, told the Charging Party
that he could no longer be a business agent, even though the
Charging Party had expressed interest in continuing in this
position. The Charging Party then asked to be put on the “mo-
tion picture craft” list, and Glasebrook agreed.
It appears that Glasebrook put the Charging Party on this
“movie list” as a kind of consolation, because the Charging
Party would no longer be either secretary/treasurer or business
agent. During his testimony, Glasebrook explained that it didn’t
cost the Union any money to put the Charging Party on the
“motion picture craft” list and that he took this action to reduce
hurt feelings after the election. “I felt like in the spirit of union
brotherhood,” Glasebrook testified, “it was best for me to ex-
tend an olive branch and to try to heal the wounds of the elec-
tion . . .”
According to Glasebrook, he then decided that enough peo-
ple were on the “motion picture craft” list and closed this list,
meaning that no one else could get on it. Although Glasebrook
closed the list early in 1995, shortly after he took office, he did
not embody the action in a formal Union rule until 1997.
“I had already made a commitment to Victor [De La Fuente]
to put him in.” Glasebrook testified, but he couldn’t put others
on the list. Instead, he told everyone else that the “motion pic-
ture craft” list was closed. Based on my observations of the
witnesses, I credit Glasebrook’s testimony.
The Charging Party testimony about this matter generally
accords with Glasebrook’s, except that the Charging Party sug-
gests that it was Glasebrook’s idea to put him on the “motion
picture craft” list. The Charging Party testified that he ex-
pressed his appreciation to Glasebrook by explaining that the
company for which he used to work, before becoming a busi-
ness agent, was no longer in business and he needed employ-
ment.
The Charging Party received his first referral to a motion
picture producer in late 1995 or early 1996. After that, the
Charging Party continued to receive referrals to motion picture
producers.
In January 1997, the Charging Party attended a Union meet-
ing at which President Glasebrook distributed Union rules con-
cerning Respondent’s referral system. (These are the rules ex-
cerpted above in discussing whether Respondent operated an
exclusive hiring hall.)
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 644
In addition to the Charging Party and Respondent’s President
Glasebrook, Vice President Albert Martinez, Secretary-
Treasurer Perkins, and from 40 to 50 Union members attended
this meeting. According to the Charging Party, one of the
members raised his hand to speak and then referred to the fol-
lowing rule:

C. Craft members who are in movie, pipeline and con-
vention prior to January 1, 1995 will be considered the A-
List for those crafts. The A-list members will be referred
first. If the craft A-list is exhausted, extra members will be
referred from the Local 657 call list.

The member then said, “According to this rule, Victor De La
Fuente is not qualified to be considered [an] A-list craft mem-
ber.” The Charging Party testified that Union President Glase-
brook replied that he had excepted De La Fuente from the rule
in 1994.
Glasebrook’s testimony generally corroborates De La
Fuente’s account. Glasebrook recalled members questioning
him about the Charging Party’s inclusion in the “motion picture
craft.” However, Glasebrook did not recall at exactly which
meeting this subject came up.
“I explained to them that I had made a commitment to Victor
[De La Fuente] at the time that I came into office,” Glasebrook
testified, “and that I kept that commitment and that I’d made
that commitment far in advance of writing up the rules or even
having an idea of what I would put down for rules and that I did
it in my authority as the president of the local and that I had the
authority to do that.”
CHARGING PARTY’S PROTECTED ACTIVITIES
As more and more producers began filming in Texas, the
Charging Party received an increasing number of referrals.
However, he began to dislike certain aspects of the referral
system.
For example, the Charging Party objected to the amount of
power the producers and transportation coordinators working
for the producers were exercising in selecting the Union mem-
bers referred. De La Fuente began speaking out at Union meet-
ings, protesting that the work was “not being distributed in a
fair and equal basis.”
The Charging Party testified that a transportation coordinator
would call him directly and offer him work, and when that
happened, De La Fuente would telephone the Union to make
sure he was next on the list. “I’ve been told,” he said, “that if
they call you, you’re next.”
De La Fuente further testified that when he checked, he
would discover that some of the drivers working on a produc-
tion were not on the Union’s motion picture craft list, and “on
several occasions, we find people that . . . were not even Union
members and they were working ahead of some of the craft
members.”
The Charging Party’s complaints pertained to the job referral
provision of the collective-bargaining agreement and involved
matters of common concern to many other Union members. On
that basis alone, I would conclude that the Act protected this
activity.
Additionally, two other witnesses gave testimony indicating
that the Charging Party was acting not merely for himself but
for other Union members. Union member Archie Carillo testi-
fied that De La Fuente was trying to get Union official Perkins
to “check on the complaints that we had.” Carillo’s use of the
word “we” clearly signifies that the Charging Party was not
acting solely on his own behalf.
Union Member Albert Martinez testified that the Charging
Party was a job steward in the movie craft and that Union
members would bring problems to him. Based on all of this
testimony, I conclude that De La Fuente’s complaints enjoyed
the protection of the Act.
The Charging Party was not satisfied with the answers he re-
ceived when he complained to Union officials, so he began to
raise his complaints in Union meetings, when other members
were present. The General Counsel points particularly to the
Charging Party’s comments at a December 8, 2002 membership
meeting, arguing that these statements in particular precipitated
his removal from the “motion picture craft” list.
The Charging Party estimated that between 35 and 50 Union
members attended this meeting. Some members had reported to
De La Fuente that they had seen drivers who were not in the
“motion picture craft,” and perhaps not even Union members,
working on motion picture productions. The Charging Party
raised these complaints during the meeting.
De La Fuente raised his hand and got the floor. He described
the reports that drivers not on the list were working at movie
sites. According to the Charging Party, Perkins replied that he
was unaware of this problem and requested that the Charging
Party give him the names of some of these drivers.
The Charging Party responded by asking Perkins to explain
why he was unaware that nonlist people were working, and, De
La Fuente testified, Perkins repeated his request for names. The
Charging Party told Perkins that he thought it should be part of
Perkins’ job to pick up the phone and find out who was work-
ing. The record suggests that as this interchange continued, it
became heated.
Finally, the Charging Party stated to Perkins that “I think
what you need to do, you need to get off your dead ass and go
and do the job and find out what’s going on so that you know
that the rules are not being followed.”
Perkins made a reference to trouble but there is some contro-
versy over whether Perkins called De La Fuente a “trouble-
maker” or simply said that he was “looking for trouble.” Both
Albert Martinez and Archie Carrillo corroborated that Perkins
called De La Fuente a “troublemaker.”
Based on my observations of the witnesses, I believe that the
testimony of Martinez is reliable. Martinez not only quoted
Perkins as calling De La Fuente a “troublemaker,” but specifi-
cally stuck to that testimony on cross-examination. I find that
Perkins did call De La Fuente a “troublemaker.”
WHAT HAPPENED TO CHARGING PARTY
On December 18, 2002, the Union sent the Charging Party a
letter signed by Frank Perkins in his capacity as President and
Business manager. The letter stated as follows:
TEAMSTERS LOCAL 657 (TEXIA PRODUCTIONS) 645
After review of the Local Union rules and in an effort to
make sure the Local Union is following them as you requested,
we have found a couple of corrections that need to be changed.
Rule E clearly and specifically states to be considered a craft
member you must have been employed in that industry prior to
January 1, 1995. As you are aware and as it is well documented
you were employed by Teamsters Local Union #657 as a Busi-
ness Agent until December 31, 1994 the last day you would
have had to be employed in the motion picture industry to be
considered a craft member according to the rules.
In order to comply with Rule E, you do not meet the re-
quirements to be considered a craft member. Therefore, your
name has been removed. If you would like for me to recom-
mend you for hire at one of the company’s we represent, I will
be more than happy to do so. Please note that I cannot make the
employer hire you, but I can recommend you.
Although you have made it very clear that you have a copy
of the rules, I have enclosed a copy for your convenience.
FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS
The General Counsel and Charging Party argue that Respon-
dent removed De La Fuente from the referral list in retaliation
for his protected activities. Respondent, however, contends that
it was merely enforcing the existing rule, under which De la
Fuente did not qualify to be on the list.
As the General Counsel noted in oral argument, in a mixed
motive case involving a Union respondent, it is appropriate to
use the framework articulated by the Board in Wright Line, 251
NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662 F.2d 899 (1st Cir. 1981), cert.
denied 455 U.S. 989 (1982). See Teamsters Local 287 (Con-
solidated Freightways), 300 NLRB 539, 548 fn. 20 (1990);
Operating Engineers Local 77 (Potts & Callahan), 298 NLRB
8, 10 fn. 4 (1990).
Arguably, the present case might be viewed as a mixed mo-
tive case but I believe it more comfortably fits with other cases
in which the respondent’s asserted reasons may or may not be
pretextual. In other words, the present case appears to be more
of an “either/or” choice and I will analyze it from that perspec-
tive. However, I would reach the same result were I to treat the
case as a mixed motive one and apply the Wright Line frame-
work.
ANALYSIS
Clearly, the Charging Party was a member of the “motion
picture craft” from January 1995 forward until being removed
from that status in December 2002. Whether or not he deserved
to be included in the craft is irrelevant. A Union official had
placed him in the craft, and for a number of years the Union
treated him as being a member of the craft.
It may not be entirely appropriate to speak in terms of his
status “vesting” and I hesitate to use that word, but somewhere
along the line, as De La Fuente kept receiving and accepting
referrals to motion picture producers, his status as a member of
the craft became, for our purposes, incontestable. Therefore, I
reject the defense that removing De La Fuente from the list was
merely a “correction” of the Union’s previous mistake.
The simple fact is that De La Fuente had been receiving re-
ferrals and then suddenly, because of the Union’s action, he no
longer received referrals.
In his testimony, Perkins described himself as “passionate”
about running the hiring hall. It is clear that Perkins, who is the
Respondent’s top official, became rankled by De La Fuente’s
persistent and escalating criticism of how he, Perkins, was do-
ing his job.
During Perkins testimony, when he described a particular
encounter with the Charging Party, his voice got louder, signi-
fying to me that Perkins was even a little upset with De La
Fuente at the time of the hearing. This upset clearly sprang
from the Charging Party’s protected activities. Thus, after De
La Fuente criticized Perkins for the way he was doing his job,
and told him to “get off his dead ass,” Perkins called the Charg-
ing Party a “troublemaker.”
This comment, along with the timing of the Union’s action,
provides evidence of unlawful animus. The tone of the Union’s
subsequent letter to De La Fuente does nothing to dispel such
animus.
I find that the Union, by Perkins, took the action against De
La Fuente because he had engaged in the protected activity of
criticizing the way Perkins was doing his job as a Union offi-
cial. Such criticism was protected and does not lose the protec-
tion of the Act merely because expressed in vulgar words. The
record makes clear that Union meetings were not as polite as
Sunday school picnics.
Further, I find that Respondent had no other reason for tak-
ing the action against Charging Party. The record does contain
some testimony that at least one employer was dissatisfied with
De la Fuente’s work, but there is no evidence that this employer
complained to the Union or that the Union was acting on such a
complaint at the time it removed De La Fuente from the list.
Inasmuch as I have concluded that the Union operates an ex-
clusive hiring hall, I further conclude that Respondent’s action
violated Section 8(b)(2) of the Act.
Additionally, I conclude that Respondent violated Section
8(b)(1)(A) of the Act. This conclusion does not depend on the
exclusive nature of the hiring hall. As the Board stated in Car-
penters Local 626 (Strawbridge & Clothier), 310 NLRB 500,
fn. 2 (1993), even without an exclusive hiring hall arrangement,
a union violates Section 8(b)(1)(A) where it discriminates
against members in retaliation for their protected activities. The
credited evidence establishes precisely such a violation.
When the transcript of this proceeding has been prepared, I
will issue a Certification which attaches as an appendix the
portion of the transcript reporting this bench decision. This
Certification also will include provisions relating to the Find-
ings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Remedy, Order and Notice.
When that Certification is served upon the parties, the time
period for filing an appeal will begin to run.
The hearing is closed.