Taylor Wharton Division

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Sep 28, 2001

336 N.L.R.B. 157 (N.L.R.B. 2001)

TAYLOR WHARTON DIVISION 157
Taylor Wharton Division Harsco Corporation and
Sheet Metal Workers’ International Associa-
tion Local Union #441, AFL–CIO. Case 15–
RC–8321
September 28, 2001
DECISION, DIRECTION, AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS LIEBMAN, TRUESDALE, AND
WALSH
The National Labor Relations Board has considered
objections to an election held on March 16, 2001, and
the hearing officer’s report recommending disposition
of them. The election was conducted pursuant to a
Stipulated Election Agreement. The tally shows 90
votes for and 89 votes against the Petitioner, with 1
challenged ballot.
The Board has reviewed the record in light of the
exceptions and briefs and has adopted the hearing offi-
cer’s findings and recommendations.
Only Petitioner’s Objections 6 and 9 are at issue.1
We address each below.
Objection 9
Petitioner’s Objection 9 alleges that the Employer
threatened all employees and eligible voters by distrib-
uting literature that portrayed a union organizer an-
nouncing that the Company had closed. The hearing
officer recommended that the objection be sustained.
We adopt the recommendation for the reasons set forth
below.
Shortly before the election, Plant Manager Mike
Romano distributed a newsletter entitled the “Romano
Gazette” (Gazette) to employees.2 A cartoon appeared
in the second column of the last page of the Gazette. It
was titled “Sheet Metal Workers’ Union Organizer”
and showed a gleeful man banging his fist on a table.
Under the picture appeared the statements “We won
the strike! We brought the Company to its knees! It
Closed.” Below, in larger font, appeared the exhorta-
tion “Please Vote No To The Sheet Metal Workers’
Union.” (See appendix.)
The hearing officer found that the cartoon was coer-
cive and therefore objectionable because it conveyed
the message that the Employer’s plant would close if
the employees chose union representation. We agree.
An employer may predict the precise effects it believes
unionization will have on its company; however, the
prediction must be “carefully phrased on the basis of
objective fact.” Gissel Packing Co. v. NLRB, 395 U.S.
575, 618 (1969). Here, as the hearing officer found,
the cartoon’s message was not based on objective fact.
It was, instead, an unsupported prediction of strikes
and plant closure should the employees select the Un-
ion as their bargaining representative.3

1 In the absence of exceptions, we adopt the hearing officer’s rec-
ommendations that Petitioner’s Objections 1–5, 10, and 12, and
Employer’s Objection 2 be overruled and that the challenge to the
ballot of William deLlacer be overruled. (The remaining objections
were withdrawn.)
2 The testimony indicates that the Gazette was passed out to em-
ployees a few days before the election, but the exact distribution date
is unclear.
The Employer argues that the Gazette was a light-
hearted “tongue-in-cheek” mock newspaper, and the
cartoon was merely a mock comics section. Even if
true, this explanation fails the Gissel test. The cartoon,
humorously intended or not, still encourages employ-
ees to vote against the Union by predicting plant clo-
sure.
Moreover, the cartoon was not the only place in the
Gazette where strikes and closings were mentioned.
Thus, in the column just preceding the cartoon, the
Gazette asserted that, “[t]he strike is how the union
enforces its demands at the table. A weak union—one
that people vote for but don’t intend to join—is many
times not that effective at the table. But there is still the
threat of a strike.”4 Further, a text box on the first page
of the Gazette also quoted a supervisor as saying, “I
was a union steward. . . . The union wasn’t the answer.
It caused problems. Bargaining didn’t go well. My
whole department closed.”
We find that these comments strongly reinforce the
message of the cartoon that the Union would resort to
crippling strikes if it won the election, which would
cause the plant to close. Clearly, these comments belie
the Employer’s contention that the cartoon was harm-
less and not intended to be taken seriously.
Accordingly, we adopt the hearing officer’s recom-
mendation sustaining this objection.
Objection 6
Although we find that Objection 9 is a sufficient ba-
sis on which to set aside the election, we also affirm
3 See Quamco, Inc., 325 NLRB 222 (1997). There, the employer
erected a “UAW Wall of Shame” on which it hung posters in the
shape of tombstones bearing “RIP” and the names of UAW-
represented factories that had closed. On the day before the election,
the employer hung a tombstone poster with the name “Eldorado” and
a “?” on it. The Board found the tombstone display to be an objec-
tionable threat because, without providing explanations or objective
facts, “the clear implication of the display was that the fate of the
plant would be thrown into question if, and only if, the employees
chose union representation.” Id. at 223.
4 The lead article on p. 1 asserted that “[r]eports are that many
employees don’t intend to vote in the election on March 16th be-
cause they don’t intend to join.” This assertion proved to be un-
founded as 180 out of 190 eligible voters participated in the election.
336 NLRB No. 9
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 158
the hearing officer’s recommendation sustaining Peti-
tioner’s Objection 6. We address the Employer’s ex-
ceptions below.
Objection 6 alleged that the Employer, by and
through its agents, “threatened and intimidated an em-
ployee and eligible voter by suggesting that he would
suffer adverse consequences for displaying a Union
bumper sticker on his car parked outside of manage-
ment’s office.” In support of this objection, the Peti-
tioner presented uncontroverted evidence that, several
days before the election, employee James Cribb was
unable to park in his normal spot and parked in front of
the office. The following day, which was no later than
3 days before the election, his supervisor, Nicky deL-
lacer, asked what he was doing by parking his truck
decorated with prounion stickers in front of the office
and wearing a similarly decorated hardhat. DeLlacer
told Cribb that Cribb was “digging himself a hole.”
The hearing officer found that these comments
would reasonably be expected to have a chilling effect
on employees’ freedom of choice given the proximity
of the incident to the election and the close election
results (one-vote margin). In its exceptions, the Em-
ployer contends that consideration of all the relevant
factors, which the hearing officer failed to do, clearly
shows that the remarks were not objectionable. For the
reasons set forth below, we affirm the hearing officer.
As the hearing officer found, the proper test for
evaluating conduct of a party is an objective one—
whether it has “the tendency to interfere with the em-
ployees’ freedom of choice.” Cambridge Tool Mfg.,
316 NLRB 716 (1995). In determining whether a
party’s misconduct has the tendency to interfere with
employees’ freedom of choice, the Board considers:
(1) the number of incidents; (2) the severity of the in-
cidents and whether they were likely to cause fear
among the employees in the bargaining unit; (3) the
number of employees in the bargaining unit subjected
to the misconduct; (4) the proximity of the misconduct
to the election; (5) the degree to which the misconduct
persists in the minds of the bargaining unit employees;
(6) the extent of dissemination of the misconduct
among the bargaining unit employees; (7) the effect, if
any, of misconduct by the opposing party to cancel out
the effects of the original misconduct; (8) the closeness
of the final vote; and (9) the degree to which the mis-
conduct can be attributed to the party. See, e.g., Avis
Rent-a-Car, 280 NLRB 580, 581 (1986).
Here, as the hearing officer found, the proximity of
deLlacer’s comment to the election and the closeness
of the final vote (factors 4 and 8 above) clearly support
finding the comments objectionable. Further, the
comments were likely to cause Cribb to fear reprisal
(factor 2),5 and they are the kind of comments that
would tend to persist in his mind (factor 5). As dis-
cussed above, this was also not the Employer’s only
misconduct (factor 1), and there was no union miscon-
duct to counterbalance that of the Employer (factor 7).
Thus, six of the factors clearly support finding the
comments to be objectionable. Two of the three re-
maining factors (3 and 6) are weaker. Thus, only one
employee in the bargaining unit was subjected to the
misconduct, and the comment was not disseminated
among other bargaining unit employees. Further, the
Employer asserts that the remaining factor, the degree
to which the conduct can be attributed to the Em-
ployer, does not support finding the conduct objection-
able since Nicky deLlacer was a first-line supervisor.
Without specifically resolving that claim,6 we find, in
any event, that these three factors are outweighed by
those discussed above, particularly because a shift of
even one vote could have changed the outcome. See
Cambridge Tool Mfg., supra; and Hopkins Nursing
Care Center, 309 NLRB at 959. Cf. Bon Appetit
Management Co., 334 NLRB 1042, 1043 (2001) (find-
ing isolated interrogation and threat by low-level su-
pervisor not objectionable, citing, inter alia, the sharply
lopsided vote).7

5 Respondent describes this exchange as merely a joke between
friends, citing Cribb’s testimony that he brushed off the comment a
few days later and told deLlacer after the election that he thought
deLlacer could have been joking. However, Cribb testified repeat-
edly that at the time of the comment he thought deLlacer was serious.
Moreover, as stated above, the test is an objective one. See Hopkins
Nursing Care Center, 309 NLRB 958 (1992). And such a statement
by a supervisor, even if only a word to the wise from a friend, is as
likely to interfere with an employee’s freedom of choice as an out-
right threat from a hostile supervisor. See Beverly Enterprises, 310
NLRB 222, 240 (1993), enfd. in relevant part sub nom. Torrington
Extend-A-Care Employee Assn. v. NLRB, 17 F.3d 580 (2d Cir.
1994); NLRB v. Big Three Industrial Gas & Equipment Co., 579
F.2d 304, 311 (5th Cir. 1978), rehearing denied 584 F.2d 389 (1978),
cert. denied 440 U.S. 960 (1979).
6 DeLlacer was an admitted supervisor. As such, his statements
are attributable to the Employer. See Pinkerton’s, Inc., 295 NLRB
538 (1989) (“activities, statements, and knowledge of a supervisor
are properly attributable to the employer”); Colson Equipment, Inc.,
257 NLRB 78, 80 (1981) (“Clayton’s remarks can be construed as
representing Respondent’s position inasmuch as employers are gen-
erally held responsible for the conduct of their supervisors”), enf.
denied in part on other grounds 673 F.2d 221 (8th Cir. 1982).
7 In so finding, we reject the Employer’s argument that deLlacer’s
comment was not objectionable because it had no effect on Cribb’s
vote. As indicated above, such comments are analyzed under an
objective standard—whether the conduct of a party to the election
has the tendency to interfere with the employees’ freedom of choice.
Thus, Cribb’s subjective reaction is irrelevant. Hopkins Nursing
Care Center, supra, 309 NLRB at 958 and fn. 4.
TAYLOR WHARTON DIVISION 159
Accordingly, we also adopt the hearing officer’s
recommendation sustaining this objection.
DIRECTION
It is directed that the Regional Director for Region
15 shall, within 14 days from the date of this Decision,
Direction, and Order, open and count the ballot of Wil-
liam deLlacer and thereafter prepare and serve on the
parties a revised tally of the ballots. If the revised tally
shows that the Petitioner has received a majority of the
votes cast, the Regional Director shall issue a certifica-
tion of representative. If the revised tally shows that
the Petitioner did not receive a majority of the votes
cast, the election shall be set aside and a second elec-
tion shall be conducted.
ORDER
It is ordered that this proceeding is remanded to the
Regional Director for Region 15 for further appropri-
ate action.

APPENDIX