Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Oct 2, 1936

2 N.L.R.B. 282 (N.L.R.B. 1936)

In the Matter of SWAYNE & HOYT, LTD. and NATIONAL MARINE
ENGINEERS' BENEFICIAL ASSOCIATION, PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT
Case No. B-106.-Decided October 2, 1936
Water Transportation Industry-Election Ordered: controversy concerning
representation of employees-majority status disputed by employer; rival
organizations-question affecting commerce : confusion and unrest among em-
ployees ; employees directly engaged in interstate commerce-prior collective
agreement with rival organization no bar to holding-Unit Appropriate for
Collective Bargaining: craft ; established labor organizations in industry ;
occupational differences; no controversy as to-Petition for Investigation and
Certification of Representatives: withdrawn with consent of Board.
Mr. Bertram Edises for the Board.
Lillick, Olson, Levy cC Geary, by Mr. Joseph J. Geary, of San
Francisco, Cal., for the Company.
Mr. H. P. Melnikow and Mr. James T. Landye, of -San Francisco,
Cal., for the Union.
Pillsbury, Madison c6 Sutro, by Mr. John A. Sutro, of San Fran-
cisco, Cal., for Gulf Pacific Licensed Officers Association.
Mr. Aaron W. Warner, of counsel to the Board.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF CASE
On July 27, 1936, National Marine Engineers' Beneficial Associa-
tion, Pacific Coast District, hereinafter referred to as the Union, filed
with the Regional Director for the Twentieth Region a petition
alleging that a question affecting commerce had arisen concerning the
representation of the licensed marine engineers employed on the
vessels of Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., San Francisco, California, herein-
after called the Company, and requesting an investigation and certifi-
cation of representatives pursuant to Section 9(c) of the National
Labor Relations Act (C. 372, 49 Stat. 449), approved July 5, 1935.
The petition sets forth in substance that a majority of the afore-
mentioned employees have designated the Union to represent them in
collective bargaining with the Company, but that the Company has
nevertheless refused to bargain collectively with the Union.
On July 29, 1936, the National Labor Relations Board, hereinafter
called the Board, duly authorized the Regional Director for the
282
DECISIONS AND ORDERS 283
Twentieth Region, to conduct an investigation and provide for an
appropriate hearing in connection therewith. On the same day the
Regional Director issued and duly served a notice to. the Company
of a hearing to be held on August 7, 1936, at San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. Copies of the notice of hearing. were sent to the Union and
to the Gulf Pacific Licensed Officers Association,' hereinafter
i'eferred to as the G. P. L. O. A.
On August 7, 1936, a hearing was held in San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, before Charles A. Wood, the Trial Examiner duly designated
by the Board. The Company, the 'Union, and the G. P. L. O. A.
were represented and participated in the hearing. Full opportunity
to be heard-, to examine and cross-examine witnesses and to intro-
duce evidence bearing on the issues was afforded all parties. Many
objections to the admission of evidence were made by counsel repre-
senting the Company. The Board has reviewed the rulings of the
Trial Examiner and finds that no prejudicial errors were committed.
Upon the evidence adduced at the hearing and from the entire
record now before it, the Board makes the following :
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. THE COMPANY
Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., is a corporation duly organized and existing
under -and by virtue of the laws of the State of Nevada. It is
engaged in the transportation of freight and passengers, with offices
in,the City and County of San Francisco, State of California. It
operates merchant vessels between ports in the State of California
and 'elsewhere in the United States and in foreign countries. The
aforementioned vessels 2 call regularly at the following ports outside
the State of California: Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans, Louisiana;
Galveston, Texas; Portland, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; and Van-
couver, British Columbia. The vessels likewise call regularly at the
ports of San Pedro, California, and San Francisco, California.
The Board finds, therefore, that the Company is engaged in traffic
and commerce.among the several States and between the United States
'This organization also claims to represent a majority of the employees
2 The vessels operated by the respondent , together with their respective tonnage, are as
follows :
Point Ancha, 4727 tons , gross.
Point Arena, 3290 tons, gross
Point Bonita , 3283 tons , gross.
Point Brava, 4834 tons, gross
Point Coleta , 4823 tons , gross.
Point Chico, 4905 tons , gross.
Point Clear, 4839 tons, gross.
Point Gorda, 3283 tons, gross.
Point Judith, 4727 tons , gross.
Point Lobos , 4802 tons, gross
Point htontara, 3283 tons , gross.
Point Patinas, 4869 tons , gross.
Point Reyes„ 3286 tons , gross.
Point Salinas , 4886 tons , gross.
Point Sur, 3290 tons, gross.
Point Vineente , 4700 tons , gross.
Point Estero , 4700 tons , gross.
284 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
and foreign countries, and that the deck officers and engineers em-
ployed on the vessels operated by the Company are directly engaged
in such traffic and commerce.3
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
National Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association is a national
labor organization, organized on February 23, 1875, with 47 locals
in various cities throughout the United States. In accordance with
its constitution,4 its jurisdiction is divided into the following dis-
tricts : Gulf Coast District, Atlantic Coast District, Great Lakes
District, River District, and Pacific Coast `District.5 Membership
in the Union is' open to "United States licensed or commissioned
marine engineers in good standing" and "Any person licensed by
the United States Steamboat Inspection Service, or commissioned as
an engineer in either the United States Navy or United States Coast
Guard Service". At the time of the hearing, the Union had entered
into agreements in respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of employ-
ment, and other conditions of employment, with employers represent-
ing about 95 per cent of the shipping industry on the Pacific Coast.
It has no agreement with Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., but claims to have
enrolled as members 45 of approximately 60 marine engineers em-
ployed by that Company, and to have been chosen as representative
for the purposes of collective bargaining by other of the employees
who have not become members.
Gulf Pacific Licensed Officers Association is a labor organization
formed in August, 1934, unaffiliated with any other body, admitting
to membership only the licensed personnel in the employ of Swayne
& Hoyt, Ltd.' The object of the organization, according to its
constitution,? is "To unite in one organization those persons licensed
by constituted authority and sailing under such license on the various
vessels of the company"." At the time of the hearing, the
G. P. L. O. A. claimed a membership of about 55, marine engiieers
and a total membership of 112.
D It was agreed by stipulation of the parties at'the hearing that, "All and singular said
employees perform services which are a part of the actual operation of said vessels, and
which are essential to the efficiency, safety and operation of said vessels.',
' Petitioner's Exhibit No 1.
5Included in the jurisdiction of the Pacific Coast District is Local No. 97, of San
Francisco, California.
The licensed personnel includes officers in the deck department as well as in the engine
department.
Petitioner's Exhibit No. 12.
It is further stated in the Constitution that, "wherever the word 'Company' shall be
used herein and in the By-Laws it shall be understood to mean Swayne and Hoyt Limited
and/or its wholly owned subsidiaries."
9It is admitted by both the Union and the G. P. L. O. A. that a number of their members
belong to both organizations.
DECISIONS AND ORDERS
III. THE RIVALRY BETWEEN THE TWO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS
285
Both the Union and the G. P. L. O. A. claim to represent for the
purposes of collective bargaining the marine engineers employed
on the vessels of the Company. . The rivalry between the two or-
ganizations is one of long standing. In 1934 an election had been
held under the auspices of the National Longshoremen's Board,
and the G. P. L. O. A. received a majority of the votes casta°
Thereafter, on August 3, 1935, the G. P. L. O. A. entered into an
agreement with the Company in respect to rates of pay, wages, hours
of employment, and other conditions of employment, as the repre-
sentative of the licensed officers in the deck and engine departments
of the Company." The Union now claims that the G. P. L. O. A. no
longer represents a majority of the employees in the engine depart-
ment. The Company, however, has denied a request by the Union
for a conference, stating that to negotiate with the Union under the
circumstances would be "not only improper but illegal, and such
negotiations will not be considered unless by their own action our
licensed personnel requests them".12
The G. P. L. O. A., as a result of the aforementioned claims made
by the Union, requested its members to indicate their attitude in
regard to the holding of another election for the purpose of select-
ing a representative of the employees.13 Of the 112 members of the
G. P. L. O. A., 83 indicated their willingness to participate in a new
election.14
There was ample evidence at the hearing to the effect that the
rivalry between the Union and the G. P. L. O. A. is engendering
fear and unrest among the employees. It was also testified that a
continuation of the dispute might lead to strikes and stoppages in
the conduct of the business of the Company. The activities per-
formed by the aforementioned employees are essential to the con-
duct of the interstate and foreign commerce in which the Company
is engaged.
10 The G. P. L O. A. was elected to represent the engine room officers in preference to
the Union, and the deck officers in preference to the National Organization of Masters,
Mates & Pilots of America. In this manner the G P. L. O. A became the representative
for the purpose of collective bargaining of the entire licensed personnel of the Company.
11 The agreement, which is in evidence by reason of the stipulation dated September 18,
1936, was entered into by the G. P. L 0 A., Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd, and Gulf Pacific Mail
Line, Ltd. The vessels of the latter company, according to the testimony, are managed
by Swayne '& Hoyt, Ltd.
11 See Board's Exhibit No. 3 (c).
13 The request was made in the form of a circular letter to the masters of the vessels
of the Company, calling for a vote on board each vessel See Board's Exhibit No 13
14 Since the G. P. L. O. A. represents both engineers and deck officers, it is impossible to
tell how many of the 83 were engineers . However, since the G. P. L. O. A claims to
represent about 57 deck officers, at least 26 engineers who are member; of G. P. L. O. A.
desire an election.
286 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
The Board_ finds that a question has arisen concerning the repre-
sentation of the marine engineers employed by the Company, and
that this question tends to lead to labor disputes burdening and
obstructing commerce and the, free flow of commerce. An election
by secret ballot is a suitable method of resolving the controversy
in this case.
IV. THE APPROPRIATE UNIT
There is no real dispute as to the appropriateness of the marine
engineers as a unit for the purposes of collective bargaining. The
Union testified at the hearing that it has entered into agreements
with employers representing about 95 per cent of the shipping indus-
try on the Pacific Coast on behalf of engine room officers, and that
this class of employees is recognized generally in the industry as
a separate bargaining unit. This was not denied by either the
Company or the G. P. L. 0. A., both of whom admitted that the
engineers had participated as a distinct unit in the National Long.
shoremen's Board election.15 Accoidingly, the Board finds that
the marine engineers employed on the vessels of the Company,
including the chief, assistant, and all other licensed engineers, con-
stitute a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining.
THE EXISTING CONTRACT BETWEEN THE G. P. L. 0. A. AND
THE COMPANY
The Company has stated that it regards its agreement, with the
G. P. L. 0. A. as valid and binding until such time as one of the
parties thereto terminates the agreement in accordance with its
provisions.1° The Board considers it unnecessary to consider, this
issue at any length. Even if the agreement is assumed to be valid
and binding, it nevertheless is no bar to an election and consequent
bargaining by the certified representatives of the employees, and
can in no wise be construed so as to curtail the right of the em-
ployees to change their representatives for bargaining. In the
Matter of New England Transportation Company, Case No. R-10,
decided January 21, 1936 (1 N. L. R. B. 130, 138-9), the Board stated:
"The whole process of collective bargaining and unrestricted choice of
15 As in the prior election , the Company and the G P L. O. A now seek to have both
the engine room and deck officers participate in the choosing of a representative or repre-
sentatives for the purposes of collective bargaining In spite of the alleged convenience of
this method , it is impossible in this proceeding , since the Union cannot represent the deck
officers, and the National Association of Masters , Mates & Pilots of America is not before
the Board as a party.
1e The agreement , dated August 3, 1935, provides as follows : "This agreement shall
continue in full force and effect for a period of one year from date and thereafter until
cancelled by six months notice in writing by either of the parties thereto."
DECISIONS AND ORDERS 287
representatives assumes the freedom of the employees to change
their representatives , while at the same time continuing the exist-
ing agreements under which the representatives must function."
Consequently , in this case , whichever organization is chosen as
representative of the employees for the purposes of collective bar•
gaining will be free to continue the existing agreement , to bargain
concerning changes in the existing agreement , or to follow the
procedure provided therein for its termination.
THE ELECTION
In view of the difficulty of attempting to assemble the employees
at any one place at a given time, the conduct of the election shall be
as follows : Notice of the election will be posted as soon as is con-
venient on each vessel of the Company before it leaves the port of
San Francisco or San Pedro on the first trip , if possible , next fol-
lowing the date of the issuance of the Direction of Election, and
remain in view until the election has been held. Such notice of
election will be accompanied by a sample ballot and a list of engi-
neers eligible to vote in the election . The ballots will be cast in the
presence of a representative of this Board upon the return of each
vessel to the port of San Francisco or San Pedro at the time and
place that the engineers are paid by the Company . All licensed en-
gineers within the unit above described who were employed as en-
gineers on any vessel operated by the Company at any time between
July 27, 1936, the date of the filing of the petition herein, and the
date of the Direction in this matter , and who also are employed on
the round trip voyage on the respective vessels of the Company
at the conclusion of which the election is to be held , are eligible to
vote.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
Upon the basis of the above findings of fact, the Board makes the
following conclusions of law :
1. The chief engineers , assistants and all other licensed engineers
on the vessels of Swa;yne & Hoyt, Ltd., constitute a 'unit appropriate
for the purposes of collective 'bargaining, within the meaning of
Section 9 (b) of the Act.
2. A question affecting commerce has 'arisen concerning the repre-
sentation of chief engineers , assistants , and all other licensed' en-
gineers employed on the vessels of Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., within the
ineaning of Section 9 (c) and Section 2 , subdivisions (6) and (7)
of the Act.-
288 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
0
DIRECTION OF ELECTION
By virtue of and pursuant to the power vested in the National
Labor Relations Board by Section 9 (c) of the National Labor
Relations Act, approved July 5, 1935, and pursuant to Article III,
Section 8 of the National Labor Relations Board Rules and Regula-
tions-Series 1, as amended, it is hereby
DIRECTED that, as part of the investigation authorized by the
Board to ascertain representatives for the purposes of 'collective,
bargaining, an election by secret ballot shall be conducted as soon
as convenient, and beginning as promptly as is practicable after the
date of this Direction, based on sailing dates of vessels, subject to
the suggestions' for the administration of this election contained
hereinabove, under the direction and supervision of the Regional
Director for the Twentieth Region, acting in this matter as agent
of the National Labor Relations Board, and subject to Article III,
Section 9 of said Rules and Regulations-Series 1, as amended,
among the-chief, assistant, and all other licensed engineers employed
as engineers on the vessels of Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., to determine
whether they wish to be represented by National Marine Engineers'
Beneficial Association, Pacific Coast District, or by Gulf Pacific
Licensed Officers Association.
MR. DONALD WAKEFIELD SMITH took no part in the consideration
of the above Decision and Direction of Election.
[SAME TITLE
SUPPLEMENTARY DIRECTION OF ELECTION
October 16, 1,936
By virtue of and pursuant to the power vested in the National
Labor Relations Board by Section 9 (c) of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act (49 Stat. 449), and pursuant to Article III, Section 8 of
National Labor Relations Board Rules and Regulations-Series 1,
as amended, it is hereby
DIRECTED that, as part of the investigation authorized by the Board
to ascertain representatives for the purposes of collective bargain-
ing, an election by secret ballot shall be conducted as provided 'in the
Deeision of the Board in this matter issued on October 2, 1936; and
it is hereby further
DIRECTED that notices of the election may be posted on any vessel
of the Company when it leaves any port in the United States; and it
is hereby further
DECISIONS AND ORDERS 289
DIRECTED that in all other respects the Decision and Direction of
Election of the Board issued on October 2, 1936, shall remain in full
force and effect.
MR. DONALD WAKEFIELD SMITH took no part in the consideration of
the above Supplementary Direction of Election.
[SAME TITLE
ORDER PERMITTING WITHDRAWAL OF PETITION
February 18, 1937
A petition having been duly filed by the National Marine
Engineers Beneficial Association, Pacific Coast District, on July 27,
1936, requesting an investigation and certification of representatives
of the licensed engine room officers in the employ of Swayne and
Hoyt, Ltd., and the Board, after a hearing, having issued a Direc-
tion of Election on October 2, 1936, and balloting having been com-
menced pursuant to the Direction of Election, which balloting was
interrupted by a strike of maritime employees on the Pacific Coast,
and a charge having been filed by Marine Engineers Beneficial Asso-
ciation, Local 97 with the Regional Director for the 20th Region on
December 10, 1936, charging that Swayne and Hoyt, Ltd., has en-
gaged in unfair labor practices within the meaning of the National
Labor Relations Act, with relation to its activities in connection with
the Gulf-Pacific Licensed Officers Association, said Association being
one of the labor organizations placed on the ballot in this case, and
9 request for permission to withdraw said petition having been made
on February 16, 1937, by the National Marine Engineers Beneficial
Association, and due consideration having been given to the facts
"herein set forth,
IT Is HEREBY ORDERED that the request of the National Marine
Engineers Beneficial Association for permission to withdraw its
petition be, and hereby is granted and that the request of said Union
that the election now being conducted be terminated without further
balloting be and hereby is granted, and that the aforesaid case be
and hereby is closed.