Suburban Journals of Greater St. Louis

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Sep 30, 2004

343 N.L.R.B. 157 (N.L.R.B. 2004)

SUBURBAN JOURNALS OF GREATER ST. LOUIS
343 NLRB No. 24
157
Suburban Journals of Greater St. Louis, L.L.C. and
John Bradley, Petitioner and St. Louis Newspa-
per Guild—CWA Local 36047. Case 14–RD–
1796
September 30, 2004
DECISION AND CERTIFICATION OF RESULTS
OF ELECTION
BY MEMBERS SCHAUMBER, WALSH, AND MEISBURG
The National Labor Relations Board, by a three-
member panel, has considered objections to an election1
held August 4, 2003, and the hearing officer’s report
recommending disposition of them. The election was
conducted pursuant to a Stipulated Election Agreement.
The tally of ballots shows 7 for and 7 against the Union,
with no challenged ballots.
The Board has reviewed the record in light of the ex-
ceptions and briefs, has adopted the hearing officer’s
findings2 and recommendations, and finds that a certifi-
cation of results of election should be issued.
Objections
The Union’s objections alleged, in essence, that the
election should be set aside because the Employer en-
gaged in objectionable conduct by promising benefits to
employees if the Union were decertified and by with-
holding benefits and blaming the Union for their being
withheld.3
Facts
The Union was certified as the exclusive bargaining
representative of the Employer’s editorial and advertising
department employees on June 21, 2002. In bargaining in
October 2002, the Employer proposed eliminating its
current group insurance plan and, instead, offering em-
ployees a choice of four self-insured medical plans, plus

1 The election was held in the following bargaining unit:
All full-time editorial and advertising department employees
employed by the Employer at its 220 E. Main St., Warrenton,
Missouri and 501 E. Pearce Blvd., Wentzville, Missouri facili-
ties, EXCLUDING guards and supervisors as defined in the
Act, confidential employees, independent contractors, and all
other employees.
2 Member Schaumber commends the hearing officer, Matthew Lo-
max, for his specific, detailed credibility resolutions.
3 The Union stated its election objections as follows.
Objection 1: “The Employer promised benefits to employees, in-
cluding but not limited to health insurance plan improvements, pay
raises and participation in insurance and other employee benefits plans,
if the Guild were decertified, thereby unlawfully inducing employees to
vote to decertify the Guild.”
Objection 2: “By withholding these above referenced benefits and
disparaging the Guild by blaming it for the withholding, even though
Suburban Journals had not presented these specific benefits to the Guild
in bargaining, the Suburban Journal unlawfully induced the employees
to vote to decertify the Guild as collective bargaining representative.”
a dental plan and a drug plan. Under both the then-
existing plan and the proposed new plans, the employees
were to pay 35 percent of the premium cost. The Union
rejected the proposal. It proposed keeping the current
benefits but under a self-insured plan. The Employer
agreed, and it implemented this plan on January 1, 2003.
On that date, the Employer also implemented for its un-
represented employees a new set of insurance plans simi-
lar to those that it had proposed to the Union but with
employees paying 25 percent of the premium cost. Also,
in April 2003 the Employer granted a 5-percent pay in-
crease to its unrepresented employees.
Employee Bradley filed the instant decertification peti-
tion on June 23, 2003. In July, Bradley faxed to the Em-
ployer’s human resources manager, Buhrman, a compari-
son prepared by the Union of the employees’ current
health insurance plan and the one that the Employer had
proposed in bargaining. Buhrman determined that the
comparison was misleading and erroneous. Additionally,
employee Dawson called Buhrman three times to request
information on the unrepresented employees’ benefits.
Based on these communications, Buhrman decided to
meet with each unit employee individually to talk about
health insurance matters. The meetings, conducted in a
Denny’s restaurant, were held during the final week of
July.
In each meeting, Buhrman presented an outline of the
unrepresented employees’ benefits, including their medi-
cal, dental, vision, and life insurance plans, a stock pur-
chase plan, their 5-percent wage increase, and their “Su-
per Star” program, under which each month employees
nominated an employee for a $200 bonus and lunch with
the Employer’s chief executive officer. Buhrman also
presented a chart showing the unrepresented employees’
biweekly insurance contributions. Additionally, for each
employee, she presented a comparison of how much the
employee paid for insurance and how much unrepre-
sented employees were paying under the most equivalent
employer plan. Finally, she presented a copy of the Un-
ion’s insurance plan comparison with the Employer’s
corrections marked on it.
Buhrman’s testimony about the meetings was credited
by the hearing officer. At each meeting, Buhrman told
the employee that she thought that the Employer’s insur-
ance plan was the better plan. She told employees May
and McClintock that their coworkers were upset that
their dental plan did not cover orthodontia. She told May
that it was unfortunate that the employees did not cur-
rently have the stock purchase plan, Super Star program,
or 5-percent pay increase. Employee Dawson asked her
why the editorial staff was not given a 5-percent pay in-
crease. Buhrman responded that the Union had not asked
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD158
for such an increase in negotiations. She could not recall
Dawson’s asking her when the discussed benefits would
be implemented if the employees voted to decertify the
Union, and she denied telling him that it could be Janu-
ary or earlier. Only employees Cunningham and Bradley
asked her what the employees would get if they voted to
decertify the Union. She told them that she could not
make any promises.
Hearing Officer’s Decision
The hearing officer recommended that the Union’s ob-
jections be overruled. He found that an employer is per-
mitted to compare its represented employees’ wages and
benefits with those of its unrepresented employees, and it
may state its opinion that the unrepresented employees’
benefits are better. Acknowledging that a comparison of
benefits which involves an explicit or implicit promise of
benefits is objectionable, the hearing officer found that
there was no testimony that Buhrman explicitly promised
benefits if employees voted to decertify the Union, nor
was there evidence that showed Buhrman implicitly
promised benefits.
Noting that employer responses to employee inquiries
are considered in finding whether there was implied
promise of benefits and that an employer is allowed to
respond to a union’s misleading information, the hearing
officer found that, in this case, Buhrman held the meet-
ings with employees in response to an employee inquiry
and misinformation distributed by the Union.4
The hearing officer found that this case was similar to
Viacom Cablevision, 267 NLRB 1141 (1983). The Board
found no implicit promise of benefits in that case be-
cause the employer there did no more than truthfully
inform the employees of its unrepresented employees’
wages, offered the wage comparison in response to em-
ployees’ requests for information, repeatedly made ver-
bal disclaimers of promises, and covered many topics
other than the wage comparison.
The hearing officer found that this case differed sig-
nificantly from Etna Equipment & Supply Co., 243
NLRB 596 (1979). In Etna, the Board found an implied
promise of benefits when the employer gave each of its
represented employees an individualized projection—
tailored to the employee’s age, length of service, and
wage rate—of how much better they would fare under its
unrepresented employees’ retirement plan. Because of
the extensive time and cost involved in the individually
tailored projections and because it was common knowl-
edge that the employer operated nonunion facilities, the
Board found that the employees would logically con-

4 The Union has not excepted to this finding, nor does the Union
contend that the information it distributed was not erroneous.
clude that the employer was doing more than just com-
paring benefits. The hearing officer found this case dis-
tinguishable from Etna because:
• The individualized comparisons here did
not rise to the level of the elaborate and de-
tailed projections that required extensive ef-
fort in Etna.
• Although the Employer’s operation of non-
union facilities was known, the benefits
provided at those facilities were not widely
known, as shown by employee Dawson’s
repeated inquiries.
• In response to employee questions of what
they would get if the Union were decerti-
fied, Buhrman stated that she could not
promise anything.
• The Employer presented its comparisons as
a response to Dawson’s request, and the in-
dividualized insurance comparisons were
just part of the Employer’s overall presen-
tation.
Rejecting the Union’s objection that the Employer
placed the onus for withholding benefits on the Union,
the hearing officer found that Buhrman did not tell em-
ployees that they did not enjoy the benefits because they
were represented by the Union. Telling employees that
the Union had not sought such benefits at the bargaining
table was a factual statement that Buhrman was entitled
to make under Section 8(c). There was no evidence that
the Employer was unlawfully motivated when it imple-
mented for its unrepresented employees a health insur-
ance plan somewhat different from the plan that it had
proposed to the Union or when it gave the unrepresented
employees the stock purchase plan, Super Star program,
and the 5-percent pay increase that it had not proposed to
the Union. Absent evidence of unlawful motivation, an
employer may provide different benefit levels to repre-
sented and unrepresented employees.
Accordingly, the hearing officer concluded that the
Employer’s conduct was within the purview of permissi-
ble campaign propaganda and did not interfere with the
employees’ free choice in the election.
Parties’ Contentions
The Union contends that the facts of this case are
closer to those in Etna, supra, and Coca-Cola Bottling
Co. of Dubuque, 318 NLRB 814 (1995), in each of
which the employer’s individually tailored benefit com-
parisons were found to constitute implicit promises of
benefits, than they are to the facts in Viacom, on which
SUBURBAN JOURNALS OF GREATER ST. LOUIS 159
the hearing officer relied. In addition, the Union asserts
that the two employees’ requests for benefit information
here did not justify the Employer’s presenting benefit
information to virtually all the unit employees in individ-
ual meetings.
The Employer contends that the hearing officer cor-
rectly found this case distinguishable from Etna. Addi-
tionally, contrary to the Union, this case is distinguish-
able from Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Dubuque. In that
case, the employer, without a request from employees,
presented elaborate individualized benefit comparisons
and 401(k) projections to each employee and made no
effort to deny it was promising the benefits if the em-
ployees voted out the union. In the present case, by con-
trast, the hearing officer found that the Employer made
simple comparisons of similar health plans and that
Buhrman, when asked, denied that anything would occur
if the Union was decertified.
Discussion
We agree with the hearing officer’s findings that the
Union’s election objections should be overruled, because
the evidence is insufficient to show that the Employer
engaged in objectionable conduct. It is well settled that
“[r]epresentation elections are not lightly set aside.”
NLRB v. Hood Furniture Mfg. Co., 941 F.2d 325, 328
(5th Cir. 1991) (citing NLRB v. Monroe Auto Equipment
Co., 470 F.2d 1329, 1333 (5th Cir. 1972), cert. denied
412 U.S. 928 (1973)). “There is a strong presumption
that ballots cast under specific NLRB procedural safe-
guards reflect the true desires of the employees.” NLRB
v. Hood Furniture Mfg. Co., supra, 941 F.2d at 328. Ac-
cordingly, “the burden of proof on parties seeking to
have a Board-supervised election set aside is a ‘heavy
one.’” Kux Mfg. Co. v. NLRB, 890 F.2d 804, 808 (6th
Cir. 1989) (quoting Harlan #4 Coal Co. v. NLRB, 490
F.2d 117, 120 (6th Cir.), cert. denied 416 U.S. 986
(1974).
An employer is permitted to compare its represented
employees’ wages and benefits with those of its unrepre-
sented employees. TCI Cablevision of Washington, Inc.,
329 NLRB 700 (1999). Additionally, it is lawful for an
employer to state its opinion, based on such a compari-
son, that employees would be better off without a union.
Langdale Forest Products Co., 335 NLRB 602 (2001).
Further, it is not per se unlawful for an employer to meet
individually with employees to communicate its views
about a union. Flex Products, 280 NLRB 1117 (1986);
see Frito-Lay, Inc., 341 NLRB 515 (2004) (“ride-alongs”
with truckdrivers found not coercive).
Applying these principles, we find, contrary to the Un-
ion and our dissenting colleague, that nothing in Buhr-
man’s meetings with employees constituted an implied
promise of benefits if the employees voted to decertify
the Union. Initially, we find, in agreement with the hear-
ing officer, that Buhrman’s comparison charts did not
convey an implied promise of benefits. The charts
merely show each employee’s current cost for health
insurance, the cost for equivalent coverage under a plan
available to the Employer’s unrepresented employees,
and the difference between the two amounts. Thus, the
information shown on Buhrman’s charts was much sim-
pler than Etna’s calculations of future pension and IRA
benefits and represented no more than a permissible
comparison of its represented employees’ benefits with
those of its unrepresented employees. TCI Cablevision of
Washington, Inc., supra. The comparison charts also
compared only benefits already in existence, rather than
projecting future benefits if employees chose to be un-
represented. See Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Dubuque,
supra. In Coca-Cola, the Board distinguished between
the permissible comparison of “historical”—i.e., estab-
lished—wage rates and the projection of future 401(k)
amounts, and found the 401(k) projections to be similar
to the pension and IRA comparisons in Etna and, there-
fore, objectionable. Buhrman’s comparisons involve es-
tablished health insurance rates rather than projections of
future benefit amounts and thus are similar to Viacom’s
unobjectionable wage comparisons.
Additionally, as the hearing officer noted, the benefit
comparisons here were presented in response to an em-
ployee’s requests and therefore less likely to be consid-
ered an implied promise of benefits.5 Crown Electrical
Contracting, Inc., 338 NLRB 336, 337 fn. 4 (2002). Fur-
thermore, Buhrman, when asked what employees would
get if they decertified the Union, explicitly stated that she
could not make any promises. This factor further sup-
ports the hearing officer’s overruling of the objections.
Cf. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Dubuque, supra (benefit
comparison found objectionable where employer did not
deny it was promising benefits).
Our dissenting colleague does not appear to contend
that the comparison charts were independently objection-
able. Rather, he finds that they conveyed an implicit
promise of benefits under the “totality of the circum-
stances.” We do not agree. The dissent cites the fact that

5 The facts of BRK Electronics, 248 NLRB 1275, 1276–1277
(1980), cited by our dissenting colleague, are totally unlike those of the
present case. In BRK, an employer’s statement that whether or not the
employees received their pay raises would depend on the outcome of
the election was held objectionable. Without regard to the fact that the
statement was made in response to an employee’s question, the Board
found that the employer’s objectionable statement was clearly a threat.
The same cannot be said of the factually based benefit comparisons
given to employees in response to an employee’s inquiry which is at
issue here.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD160
Buhrman’s meetings with employees were one-on-one
and took place over an employer-provided lunch at a
Denny’s restaurant. However, such one-on-one commu-
nications are not inherently objectionable. Frito-Lay,
Inc., supra. Nor is there any basis for finding, as our
colleague does, that employees would be more likely to
view the benefit comparisons as an implicit promise of
benefits simply because they were accompanied by a free
lunch. Additionally, while our colleague faults the Em-
ployer for showing each employee a newspaper article on
the unrepresented employees’ wage increase, unit em-
ployee inquiries concerning the unrepresented employ-
ees’ benefits were the very reason that caused Buhrman
to set up the meetings. Thus, as this was a legitimate rea-
son for Buhrman to meet with unit employees, informing
them of the unrepresented employees’ benefits and wage
increase at the meetings could hardly be improper.6
Likewise, telling employee May that it was unfortunate
that the unit employees did not have benefits that the
unrepresented employees had, as well as chiding the Un-
ion for providing inaccurate health plan information,
were nothing more than the Employer’s lawful expres-
sions of opinion, based on the benefits comparison, that
employees would be better off without a union. See
Langdale Forest Products Co., supra.
We are mindful that Buhrman’s meetings with the em-
ployees took place during the week before the election
and that the election result was very close. The timing of
the meetings, however, was close to the employee inquir-
ies and the Union’s misrepresentation. Further, whether
examined individually or cumulatively, neither Buhr-
man’s statements during the employee meetings nor the
circumstances surrounding them constituted an objec-
tionable promise of benefits warranting that the election
be set aside. See NLRB v. Van Gorp Corp., 615 F.2d
759, 764–765 (8th Cir. 1980). (“While we emphasize the
need to consider the overall conduct of an election cam-
paign, we caution that such an approach may not be used
to turn a number of insubstantial objections to an election
into a serious challenge.”)
CERTIFICATION OF RESULTS OF ELECTION
IT IS CERTIFIED that a majority of the valid ballots have
not been cast for St. Louis Newspaper Guild—CWA
Local 36047 and that it is not the exclusive representa-
tive of these bargaining unit employees.
MEMBER WALSH, dissenting in part.

6 Although an employer may not provide a new benefit to unrepre-
sented employees and then refuse to bargain about providing the benefit
to represented employees, Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc., 338 NLRB 1123
(2003); Empire Pacific Industries, 257 NLRB 1425 (1981), there is no
contention that the Employer here engaged in such conduct.
The Union alleged in Objection 1 that the Employer
engaged in objectionable conduct warranting the setting
aside of the election by promising benefits to employees,
including but not limited to health insurance plan im-
provements, pay raises, and participation in insurance
and other employee benefit plans, if the Union were de-
certified, thus improperly inducing employees to vote to
decertify the Union. The hearing officer recommends
that this objection be overruled, and my colleagues are
adopting that recommendation. I disagree with them.1
The totality of circumstances demonstrates that in the last
few days before the election the Employer clearly im-
plied to virtually all of the unit employees that they
would receive improved benefits if they voted to decer-
tify the Union. Accordingly, Objection 1 should be sus-
tained and the election should be set aside.
Facts
The Union has been the certified exclusive collective-
bargaining representative of a unit of the Employer’s
editorial and advertising employees at the Employer’s
Warrenton and Wentzville, Missouri facilities since June
21, 2002. At the time of the August 4, 2003 decertifica-
tion election,2 there were 14 unit employees.
When negotiations for an initial collective-bargaining
agreement began in August 2002, all of the Employer’s
employees were covered under a group health insurance
plan, for which they paid 35 percent of the premium. In
October, the Employer told the Union that the Employer
intended to change the medical and dental insurance ef-
fective January 1, to an option of four self-insured medi-
cal plans, a self-insured dental plan, and a self-insured
drug plan. The cost to the employees, however, was to
remain at 35 percent of the premiums. The Union re-
jected the proposed new plan for the unit employees. It
proposed instead keeping the current benefits for unit
employees under a self-insured plan, with a claims ap-
peals procedure. The Employer agreed.
On January 1, the Employer implemented the agreed-
upon self-insured plan for the unit employees, allowing
them to maintain their current level of benefits and con-
tinue to pay 35 percent of the premium cost. Also on
January 1, the Employer implemented for its unrepre-
sented employees the plan it had proposed for all em-
ployees (i.e., including the unit employees) in October,
but with a change and an additional benefit that had not
been offered to the Union in October: the unrepresented
employees only had to pay 25 percent of the premium

1 I agree, however, with my colleagues’ adoption of the hearing offi-
cer’s recommendation to overrule the Union’s Objection 2.
2 All dates are within September 2002—August 2003 inclusive,
unless expressed otherwise.
SUBURBAN JOURNALS OF GREATER ST. LOUIS 161
cost, rather than the 35 percent paid by unit employees,
and the unrepresented employees were given an optional
vision plan that was not provided to the unit employees.
The Employer and the Union never discussed these two
additional benefits during their negotiations.
Around April, the Employer implemented a 5-percent
wage increase for the unrepresented editorial staff. Also,
at some time during the relevant period,3 the Employer
provided the unrepresented employees with an Employee
Stock Purchase Plan and the opportunity to participate in
the monthly Super Star Program, under which employees
could nominate an employee to receive a $200 bonus and
be the guest of the Employer’s chief executive officer at
lunch.
The instant decertification petition was filed on June
23, and the election was scheduled for August 4.
During the last week in July, Human Resources Man-
ager Judy Buhrman invited the unit employees to meet
individually with her as her guest for lunch at a local
restaurant. Buhrman had learned that there was some
confusion among the unit employees about the particu-
lars of their medical insurance. Also, a unit employee
had recently asked Buhrman for information about all
benefits enjoyed by the unrepresented employees, and
about the employees’ share of the cost of those benefits.
Buhrman decided to conduct one-on-one lunch meetings
with individual unit employees to clarify their medical
benefits and to provide the requested information.
Twelve of the 14 unit employees attended these indi-
vidual lunch meetings.4 Buhrman told each employee
that there was some misinformation being circulated by
the Union about the Employer’s insurance plans, and that
the purpose of the meetings was to inform the employees
of the correct information about all of the Employer’s
benefits before they voted in the election. In each meet-
ing, Buhrman followed a printed discussion outline,
styled “Benefits that Warrenton/Wentzville [i.e., unit
employees, represented by the Union] do not have.” She
gave a copy of the outline to each of the employees who
asked for it. In following the outline, she discussed the
benefits enjoyed by unrepresented employees, but not by
unit employees: the Employee Stock Purchase Plan; the
5-percent wage increase for the unrepresented editorial
staff; the monthly Super Star Program; orthodontia with
dental care; the ability to purchase medical and dental
insurance separately; paying only 25 percent of the cost
of the insurance premiums, rather than the 35 percent
paid by unit employees; a Voluntary Term Life Insurance
Program, under which unrepresented employees could

3 The record does not establish when.
4 The other two employees declined Buhrman’s invitation.
purchase up to $250,000 worth of term life insurance for
themselves and up to $50,000 worth for their spouses,
without physical exam, and up to $10,000 worth for each
of the employee’s children; a voluntary supplemental
accidental death and dismemberment insurance policy;
an Employee Investing Services payroll deduction plan
with Fidelity Investments; and a “Voluntary Cancer pol-
icy” (not further described in the discussion outline or in
the record).
During these individual meetings, Buhrman also gave
each employee a “PERSONALIZED RATE WORKSHEET”
chart showing biweekly costs for unrepresented employ-
ees under the Employer’s medical, dental, and vision
care plans. Buhrman explained to the employees that the
costs on the chart were based on the 25 percent of the
premium cost that the unrepresented employees paid.
Buhrman also gave each employee an individualized,
separately prepared comparison of how much that par-
ticular employee paid for medical and dental insurance as
a unit employee, at the 35-percent-of-premium rate, ver-
sus how much an unrepresented employee paid for the
same insurance at the nonunit 25-percent rate. Buhrman
also gave each employee a comparison of the employee
medical and dental deductibles, copayments, and annual
maximum employee expenditures under the insurance
plan in effect for unit employees versus the generally
more generous medical and dental plans available to the
unrepresented employees. Buhrman also gave each em-
ployee a letter-sized version of an employer poster that
graphically corrected some misinformation in a Union
handout about proposed reductions in medical coverage
for unit employees. At the bottom of the poster, the Em-
ployer asked this question and urged this action:
IS THIS THE REPRESENTATION
YOU WERE PROMISED?
VOTE NO
Finally, Buhrman showed each employee a newspaper
article reporting, inter alia, that the Employer had re-
cently given its unrepresented employees, but not its unit
employees, a 5-percent wage increase. Buhrman had
highlighted the part of the article reporting on the wage
increase for unrepresented employees. In showing the
employees the article, she specifically asked them if they
knew about the 5-percent wage increase. They all said
yes.
The decertification election was held a few days later,
on August 4. The Union lost, 7-7.
The hearing officer credited Buhrman’s testimony that
she did not promise any employees any benefits if they
voted to decertify the Union and that she told the em-
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD162
ployees that she could not make any promises. Buhrman
told employees Ruth May and Jennifer McClintock that
their coworkers were upset with the fact that the unit
employees’ dental care plan did not cover orthodontia.
She told employee Brad Dawson that the reason why the
unit employees did not get the 5-percent wage increase
was because the Union did not ask for such an increase
during contract negotiations. She told May that it was
“unfortunate” that the unit employees did not currently
have the Stock Purchase Plan, the Super Star Program, or
the 5-percent wage increase. She told each employee
that she thought the Employer’s dental and life insurance
plans were better than the Union’s. She told employees
Tabatha Cunningham and John Bradley that she could
not make any promises about what unit employees would
get or when they would get anything if they voted to de-
certify the Union.
Applicable principles
An employer may inform employees of the wages and
benefits its nonunion employees receive and respond to
requests for information from employees about such bene-
fits. See Duo-Fast Corp., 278 NLRB 52 (1986). And an
employer has the right to compare wages and benefits
presently in effect in its unorganized facilities with those
enjoyed by employees in a similar facility which has union
representation. Id. But an employer may not promise,
either expressly or implicitly from the surrounding cir-
cumstances, that wages and benefits will be adjusted if the
union is voted out, because such a promise interferes with
employees’ free choice in that election. See Viacom Ca-
blevision, 267 NLRB 1141 (1983); Lutheran Retirement
Village, 315 NLRB 103 (1994).
Application of Principles
In finding that this objection should be sustained and the
election set aside, I conclude on the totality of the circum-
stances that the Employer implicitly promised the unit
employees that if they voted to decertify the Union, they
would get all the benefits that the unrepresented employ-
ees were currently enjoying.
Certainly it would have been entirely reasonable for the
unit employees to infer such a promise from Buhrman’s
conduct in the individual lunch meetings. It would have
been reasonable for the unit employees to feel, without any
prodding from the Employer, that they would be treated
just like all the other unrepresented employees as soon as
they too became unrepresented by voting out the Union.
But Buhrman’s focused emphasis on the unrepresented
employees’ better benefits and higher wages during the
one-on-one lunches with unit employees just a few days
before the election effectively created a sufficient measure
of implied assurance, urgency, and personal obligation that
reasonably interfered with the unit employees’ ability
freely to choose whether to continue to be represented by
the Union.
More specifically, the totality of the following circum-
stances establishes that the Employer interfered with the
election by impliedly promising benefits if the employees
voted to decertify the Union:
1. The one-on-one, free lunch nature of Buhrman’s
meetings with the individual unit employees, in which she
provided each employee with a series of documents show-
ing that the unrepresented employees enjoyed better bene-
fits and higher wages than the unit employees, pointedly
and reasonably implying to the unit employees that they
would enjoy these same better benefits and higher wages
as soon as they got rid of the Union.5
2. Pointedly showing each unit employee a copy of the
highlighted newspaper article reporting on, inter alia, the
5-percent wage increase for unrepresented employees and
then pointedly asking each unit employee if they knew
about that wage increase.
3. Telling May that it was “unfortunate” that the unit
employees did not currently have the Stock Purchase Plan,
the Super Star Program, or the 5-percent wage increase,
thus reasonably implying to May that it would be more
fortunate for the unit employees if they became unrepre-
sented and thus eligible for those improvements.
4. Expressly linking the Employer’s providing of correct
medical plan information with open disparagement of the
Union for providing inaccurate information (“Is this the
representation you were promised?”) and accompanying
that disparagement with the Employer’s entreaty to get rid
of the Union (“Vote No”).
5. Personalizing some of the comparisons of benefits for
unrepresented versus unit employees. Like the Employer
here, the employer in Coca-Cola Bottling of Dubuque, 318
NLRB 814 (1995), engaged in objectionable conduct
when, during the last few days prior to the decertification
election, it held special meetings with unit employees in
which it distributed documents comparing the benefits of
unit employees to those of its unrepresented employees

5 While under current Board law it is not per se or inherently objec-
tionable for an employer, without more, to meet individually with em-
ployees to communicate its views about a union, the circumstances
surrounding such one-on-one meetings can make them objectionable.
See generally, e.g., NVF Co., 210 NLRB 663 (1974) (when an em-
ployer during an election campaign calls employees, individually or in
small groups, into a private area removed from their normal workplace
and urges them to reject the union, such actions may constitute objec-
tionable conduct depending on the size of the groups interviewed, the
locus of the interview, the position of the interviewer in the employer’s
hierarchy, and the tenor of the speaker’s remarks). As fully discussed
herein, I find that the totality of the circumstances surrounding the one-
on-one free-lunch restaurant meetings with Human Resources Manager
Buhrman establish the alleged objectionable conduct.
SUBURBAN JOURNALS OF GREATER ST. LOUIS 163
and impliedly promised to grant the benefits of the un-
represented employees to the unit employees if they
voted to decertify the union. And again like the Em-
ployer here, the employer in Etna Equipment & Supply,
243 NLRB 596 (1979), engaged in objectionable conduct
when it held dinner meetings with unit employees and
their spouses about two weeks before the decertification
election, in which it provided employees with individual-
ized charts stressing the superior pension benefits en-
joyed by unrepresented employees compared to unit em-
ployees, and impliedly promised to grant the benefits of
the unrepresented employees to the unit employees if
they voted to decertify the union. While the Employer’s
personalized employee comparisons in the instant case
were not, in the final analysis, as extensive and particu-
larized as the objectionable personalized presentations in
Coca-Cola and Etna, that certainly does not preclude
finding that the Employer’s conduct in question was ob-
jectionable in itself.
I find that hearing officer’s reliance on Viacom, supra,
for overruling this objection is misplaced. Viacom is sub-
stantially distinguishable from the instant case on the
basis, inter alia, that in that case the employer conducted
group meetings, whereas here the employer’s human
resources manager, Buhrman, conducted separate one-
on-one meetings with individual unit employees while
they were enjoying lunch in a restaurant at the Em-
ployer’s expense.
6. The timing of the individual meetings, during the
last few days leading up to the election.
7. The closeness of the election result; each vote was
outcome-determinative.
The totality of the above circumstances establishes that
in the last few days before the election the Employer
clearly implied to 12 of the 14 unit employees, in indi-
vidual luncheon meetings hosted by the Employer’s hu-
man resources manager, that they would directly receive
the health insurance plan improvements, pay raises, and
participation in insurance and numerous other employee
benefit plans then being enjoyed by the unrepresented
employees if the unit employees voted to decertify the
Union, and that the Employer did all of that while ex-
pressly urging each of the employees to “Vote No” in an
election that could not have had a closer result.6
The Employer thus engaged in objectionable conduct
interfering with the election as alleged in Objection 1,
and the election should therefore be set aside.

6 The objectionable nature of these meetings with individual em-
ployees is not negated or mitigated by the fact that they may have been
motivated at least in part by an employee’s request to Buhrman for
information on the unrepresented employees’ benefits. Given the over-
all objectionable circumstances of these meetings, as discussed in full
above, it does not matter that they may have been initially scheduled in
part in response to an employee’s inquiry rather than solely on the
Employer’s own initiative. See, e.g., BRK Electronics, 248 NLRB
1275, 1276–1277 (1980) (employer’s statement in response to em-
ployee question was objectionable where employer told employees that
pay raises were contingent on the outcome of the upcoming representa-
tion election). Nor is the objectionable nature of the Employer’s con-
duct mitigated by the Employer’s claim that it was only responding to
misinformation circulated by the Union. The Employer’s claimed
appropriate reason for conducting the meetings does not make the
promises of benefits that were implied during the meetings any less
objectionable.
Moreover, the objectionable nature of the employer’s conduct is not
negated by the fact that Buhrman did not expressly promise any em-
ployees any benefits if they voted to decertify the Union and that she
told the employees that she could not make any promises. It is immate-
rial that an employer professes that it cannot make any promises, if in
fact, as here, it expressly or impliedly indicates that specific benefits
will be granted. Michigan Products, 236 NLRB 1143, 1146 (1978).
See, e.g., Lutheran Retirement Village, 315 NLRB 103 (1994).