Southern Pine Electric Cooperative

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

May 8, 1953

104 N.L.R.B. 834 (N.L.R.B. 1953)

834 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
ployer request the customary eligibility period. As the record
does not disclose any compelling reason for departing from the
Board's practice of utilizing the eligibility period prescribed
below, the Intervenor's request is hereby denied.
[Text of Direction of Election omitted from publication.]
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE and LOCAL
UNION NO. 676, INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF
ELECTRICAL WORKERS, AFL. Case No. 15-CA-440. May
8, 1953
DECISION AND ORDER
On December 30, 1952, Trial Examiner W. Gerard Ryan
issued his Intermediate Report in this proceeding, finding that
the Respondent had engaged in and was engaging in certain un-
fair labor practices in violation of Section 8 (a) (1), (3), and
(5) of the Act, and recommending that it cease and desist there-
from and take certain affirmative action, as set forth in the
copy of the Intermediate Report attached hereto. The Trial
Examiner also found that the Respondent had not engaged in
certain independent violations of Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act
and recommended the dismis sal of that portion of the complaint.
Thereafter, the Respondent filed exceptions to the Intermediate
Report and a supporting brief.
The Board has reviewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner
made at the hearing and finds that no prejudicial error was
committed. The rulings are hereby affirmed. The Board has
considered the Intermediate Report, the exceptions and brief,
and the entire record in this case, and hereby adopts the
findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Trial Ex-
aminer , with the following modifications:
1. We agree with the Trial Examiner that the seven com-
plainants did not quit their employment, as contended by the
Respondent, but were discharged because of their concerted
activity.
As fully described in the Intermediate Report, the seven em-
ployees, after being denied a wage increase on January 17,
1952, told the Respondent that they would submit a notice of
resignation on the first of the following month, unless their
grievance were satisfied. Like the Trial Examiner, we find that
such action did not amount to a voluntary termination of em-
ployment by the employees, but rather was merely a threat to
quit in the future, designed to induce the Respondent to act
favorably regarding their wage demand. As such, it constituted
concerted activity for their mutual aid and protection, within
the meaning of Section 7 of the Act.'
1 Nemec Combustion Engineers , 100 NLRB 1118; see also N. L. R. B. v. Kennametal, Inc.,
182 F. 2d 817, enfg . 80 NLRB 1481. Cf. Cresent Wharf and Warehouse et al., 104 NLRB 860.
where the employees ' conduct was construed on the facts to be a present resignation and
hence not protected concerted activity.
104 NLRB No. 107.
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE 835
The record also shows that almost immediately after the
threat to quit, the Respondent sought to accelerate the termina-
tion of the employees by tendering them wages up to the first
of the month. The employees refused to accept such payment
and repeatedly requested the Respondent to permit them to
continue their employment, thereby abandoning their threat to
quit and indicating a willingness to work without a pay increase.
Nevertheless, the Respondent, without any valid reason, in-
sisted upon terminating their employment.
In these circumstances, and in view of the fact that the Re-
spondent insisted upon speaking to the employees individually
rather than in a group, we are satisfied and find, as did the
Trial Examiner, that the Respondent discharged the com-
plainants, notwithstanding their expressed willingness to con-
tinue working on the Respondent's terms, because of their con-
certed effort to obtain a wage increase.
The discharges constituted an independent violation of Section
8 (a) (1) as well as Section 8 (a) (3) of the Act. Whether the
discharges be regarded as a violation of either section, we find
that the same remedy of reinstatement and back pay is nec-
essary in order to effectuate the policies of the Act.2
2. The Trial Examiner found, and we agree, that the Re-
spondent violated Section 8 (a) (5) and (1) of the Act, by re-
fusing to bargain with the Union since on or about January 22,
1952, and by granting unilateral benefits as to overtime and
standby pay subsequent to that date. We also agree with the
Trial Examiner's finding that the Respondent's unilateral con-
duct in derogation of the Union's status as majority represen-
tative constituted an independent violation of Section 8 (a) (1) of
the Act.
3. As the unfair labor practices engaged in by the Re-
spondent manifest an attitude of opposition to the basic pur-
poses of the Act and justify an inference that commission of
other unfair labor practices may be anticipated, we shall adopt
the broad cease and desist order as recommended by the
Trial Examiner. 3
ORDER
Upon the entire record in this case and pursuant to Section
10 (c) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the
National Labor Relations Board hereby orders that the Re-
spondent Southern Pine Electric Cooperative, Brewton, Ala-
bama, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall:
1. Cease and desist from:
(a) Discouraging concerted activities among its employees
or discouraging membership in any labor organization of its
employees, by discriminatorily discharging or refusing to
reinstate any of its employees, or by discriminating in any
2Employees Freeman and Jordan have been reinstated and we shall only order the usual
back pay remedy as to them.
sSee May Department Stores , et al v . N. L. R. a, 326 U.S. 376.
836 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
other manner in regard to their hire or tenure of employment
or any term or condition of employment.
(b) Refusing to bargain collectively with Local Union No. 676,
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers , AFL, as the
exclusive bargaining representative of all employees in line
construction and maintenance crews , including substation,
electric service , electric appliance service , electric meter
department , garage department , and warehouse department
employees , but excluding all other employees and supervisors
as defined in the Act , with respect to rates of pay, wages, hours
of employment , or other conditions of employment.
(c) By means of unilateral changes in rates of pay , wages,
hours of employment , or other conditions of employment, or in
any other manner interfering with , restraining , or coercing'its
employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization,
to form labor organizations , to join or assist Local Union No.
676, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL,
or any other organization , to bargain collectively through repre-
sentatives of their own choosing , and to engage in collective
bargaining or other mutual aid or protection , or to refrain
from any and all such activities except to the extent that such
right may be affected by an agreement requiring membership
in a labor organization as a condition of employment, as au-
thorized in Section 8 (a) (3) of the Act, as guaranteed in Section
7 thereof.
2. Take the following affirmative action which the Board
finds will effectuate the policies of the Act:
(a) Upon request , bargain collectively with Local Union No.
676, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL, as
the exclusive representative of all employees in the appropriate
unit described above , and embody any understanding reached in
a signed contract.
(b) Offer to T. C. Bradley , Ford Holloway , C. F. Phelps,
W. C. Pugh , and James L . Taylor immediate and full reinstate-
ment to their former or substantially equivalent positions,
without prejudice to their seniority or other rights and privi-
leges, and make each of them, including J. D. Freeman and
Ealon E . Jordan , whole for any loss of pay he may have suf-
fered by payment to each of them of a sum of money equal to
that which each normally would have earned as wages from
the dates of the respective discriminations against him to the
date of the offers of reinstatement , less his net earnings during
said periods.
(c) Upon request make available to the Board or its agents,
for examination and copying , all payroll records, social-
security payment records , timecards , personnel records and
reports , and all other records necessary to analyze and com-
pute the amounts of back pay and the rights of reinstatement
under the terms of this Order.
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE 837
(d) Post at its plant in Brewton, Alabama, copies of the
notice attached hereto and marked "Appendix A." 4 Copies of
said notice to be furnished by the Regional Director for the
Fifteenth Region shall, after being signed by Respondent's
representative, be posted by Respondent immediately upon re-
ceipt thereof and maintained by it for sixty (60) consecutive
days thereafter in conspicuous places, including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable
steps shall be taken by Respondent to insure that said notices
are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material.
(e) Notify the Regional Director for the Fifteenth Region, in
writing, within ten (10) days from the date of this Order, what
steps Respondent has taken to comply herewith.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint, insofar as it
alleges other violations of Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act, be, and
it hereby is, dismissed.
4In the event that this Order is enforced by decree of a United States Court of Appeals,
there shall be substituted for the words "Pursuant to a Decision and Order " the words
"Pursuant to a Decree of the United States Court of Appeals , Enforcing an Order."
APPENDIX A
NOTICE TO ALL EMPLOYEES
Pursuant to a Decision and Order of the National Labor Re-
lations Board, and in order to effectuate the policies of the
National Labor Relations Act, we hereby notify our employees
that:
WE WILL NOT discourage concerted activities among
them, or discourage membership in any labor organization,
by discriminatorily discharging, refusing to reinstate, or
discriminating in any other manner in regard to the hire
and tenure of employment or any term or condition of
employment of our employees.
WE WILL NOT by means of unilateral changes in rates
of pay, wages, hours of employment, or other conditions of
employment, or in any other manner interfere with, re-
strain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of their
right to self-organization, to form labor organizations, to
join or assist Local Union No. 676, International Brother-
hood of Electrical Workers, AFL, or any other labor organ-
ization, to bargain collectively through representatives
of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities
for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual
aid or protection, and to refrain from any or all of such
activities except to the extent that such right may be
affected by an agreement requiring membership in a labor
organization as a condition of employment as authorized
in Section 8 (a) (3) of the Act.
WE WILL offer to employees T. C. Bradley, Ford
Holloway, C. F. Phelps, W. C. Pugh, and James L. Taylor
283230 0 - 54 - 54
838 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
immediate and full reinstatement to their former or sub-
stantially equivalent positions, without prejudice to any
seniority or other rights and privileges previously en-
joyed, and make them, including J. D. Freeman and Ealon
E. Jordan, whole for any loss of pay suffered as a result
of the discrimination against them.
WE WILL bargain collectively, upon request, with the
above-named union as the exclusive representative of all
employees in the bargaining unit described herein with
respect to rates of pay, hours of employment, or other
conditions of employment, and if an understanding is
reached, embody such understanding in a signed agree-
ment. The bargaining unit is:
All employees employed in line construction and main-
tenance crews, including substation, electric service,
electric appliance service, electric meter department,
garage department, and warehouse department employ-
ees, excluding all other employees and supervisors as
defined in the Act.
All our employees are free to become or remain members
of the above-named union or any other labor organization. We
will not discriminate in regard to hire or tenure of employ-
ment or any term or condition of employment against any em-
ployee because of membership in or activity on behalf of any
such labor organization.
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE,
Employer.
Dated ................ By ....................................................
(Representative ) (Title)
This notice must remain posted for 60 days from the date
hereof , and must not be altered , defaced , or covered by any
other material.
Intermediate Report
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Upon a charge and an amended charge filed by Local Union No. 676, International Brother-
hood of Electrical Workers, AFL, herein called the Union, the General Counsel of the National
Labor Relations Board, herein respectively called the General Counsel and the Board, by the
Regional Director for the Fifteenth Region (New Orleans, Louisiana), issued a complaint here-
in dated April 30, 1952, against Southern Pine Electric Cooperative, herein called the
Respondent , alleging that the Respondent had engaged in and was engaging in unfair labor
practices affecting commerce within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (1), (3 ), and (5 ) and Section
2 (6) and (7) of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, herein referred to as the Act.
Copies of the complaint, the charges, and a notice of hearing were duly served upon the
Respondent and the Union
With respect to the unfair labor practices , the complaint as amended at the hearing alleged
in substance that: (1) The Respondent on or about January,22, 1952, discriminatorily dis-
charged and refused reinstatement to seven named employees; (2) the Respondent on and
after January 22, 1952, failed to recognize the Union and to bargain collectively with the
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE 839
Union; and (3) the Respondent on or about January 17, 1952, did discourage employees'
efforts to engage in group action to discuss their complaints over their working conditions
by refusing to discuss certain matters with them and advising them to take up such matters
individually with the Respondent; that following January 25, 1952, added to certain of its
employees ' regular jobs , onerous and distasteful duties becauseof said employees ' participa-
tion in concerted activities , and after specified dates granted to its employees pay increases
and other benefits.
In its answer, as amended at the hearing , the Respondent admitted certain allegations of
the complaint but denied the commission of any unfair labor practices The Respondent also
pleaded in its answer that the business which it conducts is not such as affects commerce
within the meaning of the Act
Pursuant to notice, a hearing was held before me from September 29 to October 3, 1952,
inclusive, in Brewton, Alabama. The General Counsel, the Respondent, and the Union par-
ticipated in the hearing and were afforded full opportunity to be heard, to examine and cross-
examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence bearing upon the issues. On May 12, 1952, the
Respondent filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that (1) the charges on
the complaint failed to state that the Union has complied with Section 9 (f), (g), and (h) of
the Act, and (2) that there has been no ascertainment by the Board that the Respondent is
engaged in commerce within the meaning of the Act. On August 14, 1952, Trial Examiner
Eugene E. Dixon issued an order denying that motion. Also on May 12, 1952, the Respondent
filed a motion to strike the complaint on the same grounds asserted in its motion to dismiss.
I denied that motion at the beginning of the hearing
The General Counsel and the Respondent participated in oral argument at the conclusion
of the evidence and were afforded an opportunity to file briefs, proposed findings of fact, and
conclusions of law. Only the Respondent has filed a brief i
On the entire record in the case and from my observation of the witnesses, I make the
following:
FINDINGS OF FACT'
1. THE BUSINESS OF THE RESPONDENT
The Respondent is a nonstock, nonprofit cooperative, incorporated in the State of Alabama
pursuant to a special enabling act of the Alabama State Legislature , with its principal office
and place of business in Brewton, Alabama, where it purchases wholesale and distributes
at retail electric energy to rural farmers and others . The Respondent serves the rural areas
of parts of Baldwin, Conecuh, Escambia, and Monroe Counties in southwest Alabama. Besides
its principal office in Brewton , the Respondent operates 5 substations near the cities of
Evergreen, Brewton, Conecuh, Excel, and Frisco City, Alabama. During 1951 the Respondent
sold power with the value of $351,799.38, none of which was sold outside the State of Alabama
During that same year it made purchases of a total value of $266,256.07, of which amount
14.01 percent was purchased directly outside the State of Alabama. The Respondent has
approximately 6,800 members and purchases its power from the Alabama Power Company
and the Alabama Electric Cooperative. 3 The Respondent, together with 2 Florida and several
Alabama cooperatives, is a member of the Alabama Electric Cooperative. The Alabama
Electric Cooperative sells power only in Alabama and generates all of its power within the
State of Alabama. During 1951, the Respondent purchased from the Alabama Electric Coopera-
tive electric power whose value was $ 75,844,43. During 1951, the Respondent purchased
from the Alabama Power Company electric power whose value was $20,518.36. During 1951,
the Respondent purchased materials including poles , electric wires, transformers, and other
items of hardware, whose value was $169,893.28, ofwhich amount $37,319 04 represented the
value of materials purchased directly from States other than the State of Alabama. In 1951,
the amount of electric power sold to farmers amounted to $ 337,486 82; and the amount of
electric power sold to industrial users amounted to $13,312.56 . The Respondent has been
financed by loans from the Rural Electrification Administration, a division of the Department
of Agriculture , which loans have amounted to approximately 21 million dollars.
i The time for briefs was extended to November 7, 1952.
2 In making the findings herein I have considered and weighed the entire evidence. It would
needlessly burden this report to set up all the testimony on disputed points. Such testimony
or other evidence as is in conflict with the findings herein is not credited.
sThe Board has asserted jurisdiction over Alabama Power Company, 18 NLRB 652, and
Alabama Electric Cooperative, 78 NLRB 634.
840 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR'RELATIONS BOARD
The Respondent maintains that the Board has no jurisdiction since it does not operate such
a business as affects commerce within the meaning of the Act and that its business operations
are such as to require the application of the de minimis doctrine The Board has held that a
cooperative utility of the type involved herein should , for these purposes , be treated as a
public utility and that , in accordance with the Board 's established policy to take jurisdiction
over public utilities , jurisdiction should be asserted .4 On the basis of the foregoing facts, I
find the Respondent is engaged in operations affecting commerce within the meaning of the
Act; that its operations are not within the rule of de minimis ; and that it falls within the
class of enterprise over which the Board , as a matter of policy, asserts its jurisdiction.
IL THE LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
Local Union No. 676, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL . is a labor
organization admitting employees of the Respondent to membership.
Ill. THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. The discriminatory discharges
The complaint alleged that the Respondent on or about January 22, 1952, discriminatorily
discharged and thereafter failed and refused to reinstate T. C. Bradley , J. D. Freemen, Ford
Holloway, Ealon E. Jordan, 6 C. F. Phelps, W. C. Pugh, and James L. Taylor because of their
membership in and activities on behalf of the Union and because they engaged in concerted
activities with other employees for the purposes of collective bargaining and other mutual
aid and protection . The answer denied they were discriminatorily discharged and averred
that they had resigned and their resignations were accepted.
Commencing in December 1950, the Respondent adopted a policy of merit pay increases
payable on a semiannual basis in January and July in variable amounts up to but not exceeding
5 percent of an employee's salary. On January 16, 1952,6 paychecks were distributed. Some
employees received increases and others did not . Some employees received raises of eight-
tenths of 1 cent and others received fractional amounts of 1 cent per hour up to the limit of 5
percent. On January 16, employees James L. Taylor and W C. Pugh complained to Fee
Martin , the Respondent ' s president , about the increases Martin did not testify. Taylor told
Martin he was dissatisfied but did not tell him he was going to quit his job . Taylor admitted
that he did tell Martin the boys might walk out with him or words to that effect. At approxi-
mately 6 o'clock that same evening, 6 employees, T. C. Bradley, J. D. Freeman, Ernie Ford
Holloway, Ealon E. Jordan, W. C. Pugh, and Taylor sought out Joseph L. Arnold. assistant
manager , 7 and for approximately 20 minutes, Taylor discussed with him their dissatisfaction
about the increases and working conditions . Arnold told Taylor there was not much that
Arnold could do about the matter. Taylor told Arnold they would see the manager, Joe T.
Larkins ,8 to find out what he could do about it.
The next morning, January 17, Taylor received a telephone call from Martin telling him
not to see Larkins. Undeterred by that message, the same six employees, joined now by
employee C. F. Phelps , held a meeting at which Phelps protested that he could not go in with
them to see Larkins as he was getting old and could not afford to quit. Taylor reassured him
that no one was going to make him quit, that they were just going in to see what could be done
about the pay increases. Phelps with the other six employees then met with Larkins in his
office. Discussion was had concerning the pay increases and Taylor stated to Larkins that
if someting were not done about it , by the first of the month , they were "working a two-weeks
notice." 9 After consideration of all the testimony surrounding what was said in order to
4See Farmers ' Electric Cooperative, Inc., 100 NLRB 746, and cases cited in footnotes
4 and 5 therein.
5 The complaint was amended at the hearing to change the name Earl F. Jordan to Ealon
E. Jordan.
6All dates hereinafter mentioned refer to the year 1952 unless otherwise stated.
TAt times referred to in the record as Little Joe.
6At times referred to in the record as Mr. Joe.
9 The Respondent claims the 7 men tendered their resignations to him, giving 2 weeks'
notice, which Larkins later accepted. The General Counsel contends that none resigned but
were thereafter discharged by the Respondent becauseoftheir concerted activity in protesting
in a group to Larkins about their pay increases. On the question as to what was said at the
meeting, eight witnesses testified (Taylor, Phelps, Bradley, Larkins, Holloway, Pugh,
Jordan, and Freeman). Taylor testified on direct examination:
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE 841
determine whether the said 7 employees in fact did resign , then and there , on January 17,
effective 2 weeks later, I find that they did not resign . The testimony of Larkins corroborates
the testimony of Taylor. that Taylor stated they would resign unless something were done
about granting to the men a decent raise . Larkins told them to go back to work and he would
consider it. The position of the men was that they would resign on the first of the following
month unless something was done in the meantime about their increases . The testimony of
credible witnesses supports and corroborates such version. 10
Later in the day of January 17, approximately 5 or 10 minutes before closing time at
5 p. m., Larkins approached Taylor and remarked that he and Taylor would have to get
together "on this thing." Taylor replied that he and Larkins could not get together on it, but
that Taylor, Larkins, and the rest of the employees could get together on it . Larkins stated
to Taylor that Taylor had embarrassed him that morning . Taylor rejoined that Larkins had
embarrassed him when he gave those fellows eight -tenths of a cent raise and Larkins said he
was accepting Taylor' s resignation . Taylor replied if he was accepting his, he was going to
accept all the rest . Then Larkins said he would talk to the rest individually and Taylor told
him it would not do any good.
Friday, January 18, was uneventful . On Saturday evening , January 19, 14 employees met
at Taylor's house and all signed a paper in which they agreed that they would have the Union
represent them .11 Taylor telephoned to Robert F. Rhodes, a union representative , and ar-
rangements were made for a meeting with Rhodes the day following . On Sunday afternoon,
January 20, the same 14 employees met at employee McDonald's home with Rhodes and cards
authorizing the Union to act as collective -bargaining representative were signed by all. 12 It
was decided at that meeting that Rhodes would write a letter to Larkins asking for union
So, I told Mr . Larkins if something couldn 't be done by the first of the month, we was
working two-weeks notice . Mr. Larkins told all of us that he would talk to us as individ-
uals, one at a time and to go back to work and he would consider it.
On cross-examination , Taylor testified:
Q. When he refused to talk as a group , did you or did you not say "We are resigning
effective two weeks from this date"9
A. No. sir.
Q. What did you say?
A. I told him if something wasn 't done about this by the first of the month, we was
going to work two weeks notice.
Q. Did you give two weeks notice then?
A No, sir , I told him if something wasn't done.
Larkins testified on direct examination:
He (Taylor) ... went on to tell me they weren't satisfied with their raises and wanted
something done about it and I told him that I would be glad to consider it, their raise
or whatever they had to say about their raise ; and he said that they were serving notice
on me, two weeks from that day, "We are resigning if we don 't get something more
than this. We want a decent raise."
On cross-examination, Larkins testified:
He (Taylor ) said: "If we don 't get something done about it, we are resigning , giving you
two-week 's notice. Resigning with two week's notice from today , two weeks from today
our time is up."
to The testimony of Jordan and Freeman is not credited.
ii These employees were: Linesmen John L . Barron, J. D. Freeman. A. E. Griffin, Ealon
Jordan, William C. Peavy, W. C. Pugh, James L. Taylor, and Henry H. White; groundmen
T. C. Bradley , Jim Crawford , Ford Holloway , and C . F. Phelps; and warehousemen Earl
F. McDonald and Charlie Porterfield.
12 These cards though actually signed on Sunday , January20 , were dated January 19 , follow-
ing discussion as to the legality of signing them on Sunday and also so they would correspond
with the meeting of the day before.
84Z DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
recognition. Rhodes advised them that if Larkins offered them their checks to refuse them and
telephone to Rhodes. Employee Henry H. White was selected to be the spokesman for the
employees.
All employees worked on Monday, January 21, and on Tuesday, January 22. After Larkins
had consulted an attorney earlier in the morning on January 22, Larkins told employee
McDonald between 9 and 9 30 a m. that he was going to let the boys go who were in his office
and to get up their time so he could get them their checks by 12 o'clock. Larkins called off
the names as McDonald wrote them. Larkins told McDonald to give them full time to the end
of the month because he was going to let them go and that would give them time to gets jobs
elsewhere. About 10 minutes before quitting time on January 22, Larkins offered a check to
Taylor saying, "Jimmie, here is your check--I paid you up to the first of the month so you
can be getting out and get another job." Taylor refused the check remarking to Larkins that
it was a cloudy night and he did not want to leave Larkins "out on a limb." The significance
of that remark was that there might be bad weather and if an emergency arose Taylor would
be available for work if Larkins called upon him. Larkins told Taylor to leave the company
truck inside the garage The usual custom had been that Taylor took the truck to his home so
that it would be available for use if work during the night became necessary. Larkins then
offered Holloway his check but it was refused. At the home of employee Pugh that evening,
the same 14 employees were present. No representative for the Union was there, but Rhodes
was informed by telephone that Larkins had offered the checks to the 7 men who had called
on him in his office as a group on January 17, and they had refused to accept the checks.
Rhodes instructed them to talk to Larkins again in an attempt to persuade him to let the said
7 men continue to work for the Respondent and, if no good was accomplished, to "pull the
pin" (to strike) White thereupon telephoned to Larkins at his home and was told by Larkins
that he could not see them that evening as he had already retired; that he had an early appoint-
ment in the morning and would try to meet them later in the mormng.1'
A few minutes before 8 a m , on Wednesday, January 23, the same 14 employees arrived
at the plant and asked to see Larkins. Both Arnold and Larkins, as already shown, now knew
that the Union was claiming to represent a majority of employees by reason of reading the
letter from the Union on the previous evening Arnold informed the group that Larkins was
away and he would be glad to take any message for Larkins but he had no authority to tell
Larkins what to do.14 None of the employees worked that day but sat in the linesmen's room
awaiting Larkins' return. When Larkins entered that room about 3 p. m., he was asked by
White if he would consider putting the 7 men who had been in Larkins' office as a group on
January 17 back to work. 15 Larkins replied that he no longer considered those 7 men to be
employees of the Respondent; and said he would have to know whether the remaining 7 men
were going to return to work. Larkins requested White to let him know by 7 o'clock that
evening whether the remaining employees weregoingto return to work so that he could inform
the board of directors that evening concerning the situation . That same evening, all the
aforesaid 14 employees met at Taylor's house with Rhodes, the union representative. It was
decided at that meeting that the employees would not report for work the next day (January 24)
but that the union representatives, Rhodes and Hopper, with employee White, would call on
Larkins. On Thursday, January 24, Rhodes, Hopper, and White called on Larkins. Hopper told
Larkins he was representing the employees, asked for a meeting to discuss the possibility of
putting these employees back on the job, recognition of the union and negotiation of an agree-
ment. Larkins replied he was too busy to talk about union business and said he had referred
the Union's letter of January 21 to an attorney in Montgomery. 16 As Hopper and Rhodes were
leaving Larkins' office, White asked Larkins to talk to them concerning pitting the 7 men back
to work but Larkins refused. Laier that day, the 14 employees met at employee McDonald's
home with Hopper and Rhodes who gave them a report of their visit to Larkins 17 It was de-
iSA letter from the Union dated January 21 which set forth the claim that the Union re-
presented a majority of the employees and asking for recognition was received by the Re-
spondent during January 22 and placed unopened on Larkins' desk. It was not opened until
9 o'clock that same evening when Larkins opened and read it at the office in the presence of
Arnold.
14 Arnold testified that White said to him "I understand that you received a letter from a
local union in Pensacola and Mr. Larkins immediately thereafter had the checks typed up."
15 Upon entering the room, Larkins inquired "What do you call this--a strike or what?"
White answered, "You name it."
i6Larkins testified he gave them the name of the Respondent's attorney in Montgomery
but Rhodes, Hopper, and White testified that they did not understand the attorney's name.
17 The 14 employees remained away from work the entire day on January 24.
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE 843
cided that another attempt would be made the next day to persuade Larkins to put the 7 men
back to work; and this time, if Larkins still refused, the remaining 7 employees would then
go back to work.
A few minutes after 8 o'clock in the morning of Friday, January 25, all 14 employees went
to the plant and White asked Larkins if he would consider putting back to work the 7 men who
had been in his office on January 17. Arnold was also present. Larkins refused, saying "The
seven men that went in my office can consider themselves no more employees of Southern
Pine Cooperative." He continued, "You seven that didn't come in, if you want to work, it is
all right, but come to my office now." Larkins then gave the 7 men who had gone to his office
in a group on January 17 their paychecks 18 and after getting their personal effects they left
the plant. The remaining 7 employees 19 reported to his office and lined up in a row by
Larkins' desk, where he asked each employee individually if he was ready to return to work.
McDonald asked if there would be any ill will against him for his participation in this Union
but received no reply. 20 The 7 employees then returned to work.
By letter dated February 8, the Union on behalf of Bradley, Freeman, Holloway, Jordan,
Phelps, Pugh, and Taylor, made an unconditional request for their reinstatement. None of the
7 employees had been reinstated, except Freeman who was rehired about the middle of April
and Jordan who was rehired on or about April 21. The Respondent has hired only 2 replace-
ments, viz, Johns and Gurney.
Conclusions
Upon the basis of the foregoing facts and the entire record, I find that T. C. Bradley, J. D.
Freeman , Ford Holloway, Ealon E. Jordan, C. F. Phelps, W. C. Pugh, and James L Taylor
did not quit their employment but were discharged by the Respondent and thereafter refused
reinstatement in violation of Section 8 (a) (3) and (1) of the Act because of their concerted
activity in protesting the amount of their pay increases. On January 17, they threatened to
quit on the first of the following month, if something were not done about their dissatisfaction.
Larkins understood that to be the fact for he told them to return to work and he would con-
sider it. At the very outset, Larkins resented the men going to him as a group and he voiced
his opposition by announcing that he would discuss the matter with them individually but not
as a group . The Respondent's contention that this was because he did not wish to embarrass
any employee by discussing individual shortcomings before the others has been considered
and rejected by me. The sequence of events subsequent to January 17 does not bear out the
theory that they had voluntarily quit their employment. Their threat to quit if something were
not done by the first of the month was designed to move the Respondent to take favorable
action on their demands for better wages. The employees refused their paychecks when
tendered on January 22, and on 3 separate days, January 23, 24, and 25, sought to persuade
Larkins to change his mind and permit them to continue working. Such concerted action by
employees has been held to be protected activity under the Act. 21
B. The refusal to bargain
1. The appropriate unit
The complaint alleged, the Respondent stipulated, n and I find that all employees of the
Respondent employed in line construction and maintenance crews, including substation,
electric service , electric appliance service , electric meter department , garage department,
and warehouse department, and excluding all other employees and supervisors as defined in
the Act constitute a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining within the mean-
ing of Section 9 (b) of the Act.
to They were Bradley, Freeman, Holloway, Jordan, Phelps, Pugh, and Taylor.
19 They were Barron, Griffin, Peavy, White, Crawford, McDonald, and Porterfield.
io The evidence is in conflict as to whether McDonald actually used the word "union."
It is immaterial whether he did or not as the Respondent well knew by that time that the
14 employees were represented by the Union.
ii See, Gullett Gin Company, Inc , 83 NLRB 1, enforced 179 F. 2d 499 (C. A. 5), reversed
and remanded 340 U.S. 361.
22 The stipulation was subject to the reservation that the Respondent did not thereby admit
the identity of any persons forming or composing the unit.
844 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
2. The majority
Fourteen out of eighteen employees ( linesmen , groundmen , and warehousemen) signed cards
on January 20 which designated the Union to be their statutory bargaining representative. to The
evidence shows and I find that the Union did represent a majority in the appropriate unit
since on and after January 20, 1952, and, by virtue of Section 9 (a) of the Act, has been and is
now the exclusive representative of all the employees in said unit for the purposes of collec-
tive bargaining with respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of employment , or other conditions
of employment.
On January 21, the Union wrote to the Respondent's manager and stated that the majority of
the employees in line construction and maintenance crews , including substation , electric
service, electric appliance service , electric meter department , garage department, and
warehouse department had designated the Union as their representative for collective bar-
gaining; requested the Respondent to recognize the Union; and requested a reply as to
whether the Respondent would extend such recognition. The Union also therein indicated its
readiness to confer on the subject. That letter came to the notice of the Respondent for the
first time on January 22, between 8 and 9 o'clock in the evening , when it was opened and read
by the manager and assistant manager . On January 23, Rhodes and Hopper , who were union
representatives, and employee Henry White visited Larkins at the plant, stating they had come
to discuss with him putting back to work the seven men whom Larkins had maintained had
resigned and to discuss negotiations for a contract. Larkins informed them that he was too
busy to talk with them on union matters and referred them to the Respondent's attorney. On
February 1, the Respondent in a letter signed by its manager , Larkins, wrote to the Union
that it was not convinced that the Union represented a majority of the maintenance and con-
struction employees and asserted the Respondent 's belief that its business did not affect
commerce within the meaning of the Act . The letter concluded by referring to the petition
which the Union had filed with the Board on January 24 for certification as representative of
the employees. u On February 8, the Union wrote to the Respondent making an unconditional
request for reinstatement of Bradley, Freeman, Holloway, Jordan, Phelps, Pugh, and Taylor
Also on the same date, the Union wrote to the Respondent's manager requesting a meeting
with the Union to discuss matters concerning wages, hours, working conditions, and other
conditions of employment. The letter stated further "If you have designated someone to repre-
sent you in this matter. I have not yet been formally notified of his name." 26 By letter dated
February 13, the Respondent's attorney, J. M. Williams, Jr., acknowledged receipt of the
Union 's letter of February 8 which requested that a meeting be arranged , stating that he
had been designated to represent the Respondent in all matters affecting its employees, the
local union, and the National Labor Relations Board. Williams stated that he felt the Union's
request should be given further consideration by the Respondent 's board of trustees so that
Williams would receive definite instructions before accepting or rejecting the Union's re-
quest , and accordingly that the matter would be presented to the trustees at the next meeting
on February 19. By letter dated February 22, Williams further advised the Union with respect
to its letters of February 8, as follows:
For further answer to your two letters of February 8 1952 addressed to Mr. Joe Larkins,
Manager of the Southern Pine Electric Cooperative, I wish to advise you that at a meeting
of the Board of Trustees of this cooperative I was presented with an amendment to your
charge that this cooperative terminated the employment of some seven of its employees
because of their membership and activities on behalf of your local union and refuses to
reinstate them . This charge the Cooperative denies, and reiterates its former position
that these employees resigned . That at the time of their resignation the cooperative had
no knowledge of any union activity among its employees.
As to reinstating these employees, the cooperative takes the position that it could not
grant your request for reinstatement of the employees unless it recognized your union
as the bargaining agent for its employees.
The cooperative also denies that it has refused to bargain collectively with your local
union and refers you to its former correspondence in which it advised you that it was not
2SSee footnotes 11 and 12, supr.
54That petition was withdrawn by the Union on March 27 and the withdrawal was approved
by the Regional Director on March 31 . The Union filed the original charge on January 28
and the amended charge on February 18.
25 See footnote 16, supra.
SOUTHERN PINE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE 845
convinced that you represented a majority of its employees , and further that it was not
convinced that it conducts a business which affects commerce within the meaning of the
Labor Management Relations Act.
The Union thereafter made no further requests for recognition or for conference.
The Respondent's defense to the charge that it has refused to bargain with the Union is
based on its claims that its business does not affect commerce within the meaning of the Act
and that the Union does not represent a majority of its employees in the unit.
There is no basis for any bona fide doubt on the part of the Respondent that the Union
represented a majority of its employees in the aforesaid unit. It became aware of the Union's
claim for the first time during the evening of January 22, which the Union renewed on
January 24. The Respondent had visual evidence of the fact that the Union's claim to represent
the majority was well founded because of the work stoppages on January 23 and 24, partici-
pated in by the 14 employees. Nowhere in the record is there any claim or evidence that the
Union's majority has been dissipated. Since the Respondent did not have abona fide doubt
that the Union represented a majority of its employees in the appropriate unit and since
the Respondent is engaged in commerce within the meaning of the Act , as found above, I
conclude that the Respondent's reasons for refusing to bargain with the Union did not justify
the Respondent's conduct in refusing to recognize the Union and for refusing to meet with it
in negotiation sessions. 25 Further evidences leading to the conclusion that the Respondent
failed to bargain in good faith is found in its conduct of increasing payment for overtime work
and for inaugurating payment for weekend standby pay without consultation with the Union. I
therefore find, on the entire record, that on or about January 22, 1952, and at all times
thereafter, the Respondent refused to bargain collectively with the Union in violation of
Section 8 (a) (5) of the Act, thereby interfering with, restraining, and coercing its employees
in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, in violation of Section 8 (a)
(1) thereof.
C. Interference, restraint, and coercion
In addition to the derivative violations of Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act, heretofore found,
the complaint , as amended at the hearing , alleged that beginning on or about June 15 the Re-
spondent increased pay for overtime work; on or about July 1, granted pay increases;
beginning August 1952 paid telephone bills of its employees; and beginning at the end of
August 1952 began paying for weekend standby duty, viz, 4 hours pay at tune-and-one-half
when employees were not called for work or made no service calls. The complaint alleged
further that following January 25 the Respondent added to certain of its employees ' regular
jobs onerous and distasteful duties because of said employees ' participation in concerted
union activities. The bill of particulars specified that employee McDonald had been removed
as the Respondent's radio operator and forced to perform the following jobs: hauling of sodded
grass, sodding ditches, digging up pipe , hauling gravel, hauling poles, loading poles , trans-
porting , moving , loading, and unloading transformers , working with the line crew and the
ground crew, both away from the plant ; sowing of grass seed and the planting of grass runners.
The Respondent introduced evidence that the pay increases of July 1 were the regular semi-
annual increases which had been in effect beginning January 1, 1951; and that the installation
of telephones and the payment of telephone bills of employees were suggested by the Rural
Electrification Administration as ways to improve the service to customers in cases of
emergency. On the whole record. I find that the Respondent did not violate the Act by the pay
increases on July 1 or by the installation of free telephones in the homes of certain of its
employees . With respect to the onerous and distasteful duties which it is alleged were given
to McDonald, the Respondent introduced evidence that the office radio had been mislocated
in the first instance in the warehouse and not in the office where it should have been. During
the temporary time while the radio was in the warehouse before its removal to the office,
McDonald had operated it without having the required license and he was not a licensed
operator. After its removal to the office it was operated by licensed operators. I find that
McDonald's failure to operate the radio after its removal to the office was not a violation
of the Act on the part of the Respondent. Prior to January 1952, McDonald, in addition to
his duties as payroll and inventory clerk, on several occasions had performed many and
arduous duties involving heavy work. Particularly with reference to the sodding that McDonald
was alleged to have been required to do , 1 or 2 other employees had attempted unsuccess-
fully to stop the rain water from washing away the terrace and McDonald volunteered to do
it in such a way that it would be successful. McDonald was given a truck with 2 men to help
2See Farmers ' Electric Cooperative , Inc., 100 NLRB 746.
846 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
him and he was successful in stopping the water flow by sodding the terrace . In addition he
suggested the planting of Bermuda grass which he did and furthermore set out some sprigs
on the sod, thereby completing a workmanlike job. Upon consideration of all the evidence,
I conclude and find that the Respondent did not add to McDonald 's regular job onerous and
distasteful duties because of his participation in concerted union activities . I find that the
Respondent by increasing payment for overtime work and by inaugurating payment for week-
end standby pay without consultation with the Union , thereby interfered with, restrained, and
coerced its employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, in
violation of Section 8 (a) (1) thereof.
IV. THE EFFECT OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES UPON COMMERCE
The activities of the Respondent , set forth in section III, above, occurring in connection
with the operations of the Respondent set forth in section I, above , have a close, intimate,
and substantial relation to trade, traffic , and commerce among the several States, and tend
to lead to labor disputes burdening and obstructing commerce and the free flow of commerce.
V. THE REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent had engaged in certain unfair labor practices , I shall
recommend that it cease and desist therefrom and take certain affirmative action designed
to effectuate the policies of the Act.
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and upon the entire record in the case, I
make the following:
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Local Union No. 676 , International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers , AFL, is a
labor organization within the meaning of the Act.
2. All employees of the Respondent employed in line construction and maintenance crews,
including substation, electric service, electric appliance service, electric meter depart-
ment , garage department , and warehouse department , and excluding all other employees and
supervisors as defined in the Act constitute a unit appropriate for the purposes of collec-
tive bargaining within the meaning of the Act.
3. Local Union No. 676, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL, was on
January 20, 1952, and at all tortes thereafter has been the exclusive representative of all of
the employees in the above appropriate unit within the meaning of the Act.
4. T. C. Bradley , J. D. Freeman , Ford Holloway , Ealon E . Jordan , C. F. Phelps, W. C.
Pugh, and James L. Taylor, in the exercise of their concerted activities, constituted a labor
organization within the meaning of the Act.
5. By discriminating in regard to the tenure of employment of T. C. Bradley, J. D.
Freeman , Ford Holloway, Ealon E. Jordan , C. F. Phelps . W. C. Pugh , and James L. Taylor,
the Respondent discouraged membership in a labor organization , as defined in the Act, in
violation of Section 8 (a) (3) of the Act, and has interfered with, restrained, and coerced its
employees in the exercise of rights guaranteed to them by Section 7 , in violation of Section
8 (a) (1) of the Act.
6. By increasing pay for overtime work and inaugurating payment for weekend standby
duty without prior consultation with the Union , the Respondenthas interfered with, restrained,
and coerced its employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed to them by Section 7, in
violation of Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act.
7 By refusing on or about January 22, 1952, and at all times thereafter to bargain collec-
tively with Local Union No. 676, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL, as
the exclusive representative of all its employees in the aforesaid appropriate unit, the Re-
spondent has engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of
Section 8 (a) (5) and ( 1) of the Act.
8. The aforesaid unfair labor practices are unfair labor practices affecting commerce
within the meaning of Section 2 (6) and ( 7) of the Act.
9. The Respondent did not violate Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act by granting pay increases,
paying telephone bills of its employees ; nor by adding to certain of its employees ' regular
jobs onerous and distasteful duties because of said employees ' participation in concerted
union activities.
[Recommendations omitted from publication.]