South State Builders

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jun 30, 2003

339 N.L.R.B. 465 (N.L.R.B. 2003)

SOUTH STATE BUILDERS 465
Jon Bohnenkemper, d/b/a South State Builders, and
its alter ego/successor South State Builders, Inc.
and Sheet Metal Workers International Associa-
tion, Local Union No. 20 a/w Sheet Metal Work-
ers International Association, AFL–CIO. Case
25–CA–27989–1
June 30, 2003
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN BATTISTA AND MEMBERS LIEBMAN
AND WALSH
On October 2, 2002, Administrative Law Judge Arthur
J. Amchan issued the attached decision. The General
Counsel filed exceptions and a supporting brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and brief and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings, and conclusions as
modified and to adopt the recommended Order as modi-
fied.1
AMENDED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
Substitute the following for Conclusion of Law 1.
“1. Respondent engaged in unfair labor practices
within the meaning of Section 7, Section 8(a)(1), and
Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act by Jon Bohnenkemper.
“(a) Impliedly threatening employees with discharge
by telling employees they would not have been hired if
their union affiliation were known at the time of hiring.
“(b) Impliedly threatening employees with discharge
by telling them that it contemplated discharging them
upon learning of their union affiliation.
“(c) Threatening employees with discharge by telling
employees that it can discharge them in retaliation for
their union activities without legal ramifications.
“(d) Threatening to file suit against union representa-
tives in response to its employees’ protected union activi-
ties.”

1 No exceptions were filed to the judge’s findings that Respondent
violated Sec. 8(a)(3) and (1) by laying off Vernon Stonestreet and
Jeffrey Bullington on October 9, 2001, and that Respondent violated
Sec. 8(a)(1) by making remarks that interfered with, restrained, and
coerced Stonestreet and Bullington in the exercise of their rights guar-
anteed in Sec. 7 of the Act. The General Counsel excepted to the
judge’s failure to list each of the 8(a)(1) violations in the conclusions of
law, and to include a remedy for those violations in the Order and no-
tice. The General Counsel also excepted to the judge’s failure to order
the Respondent to post the notice, in addition to mailing it to employ-
ees. The Respondent did not oppose these exceptions. We modify the
conclusions of law, Order, and notice to correct these omissions.
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the rec-
ommended Order of the administrative law judge as
modified below and orders that the Respondent, Jon
Bohnenkemper, d/b/a South State Builders and its alter
ego/successor South State Builders, Inc., Jasper, Indiana,
its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall take the
action set forth in the Order as modified.
1. Insert the following as paragraphs 1(a) through (d),
and renumber the subsequent paragraphs accordingly.
“(a) Impliedly threatening employees with discharge
by telling employees they would not have been hired if
their union affiliation were known at the time of hiring.
“(b) Impliedly threatening employees with discharge
by telling them that it contemplated discharging them
upon learning of their union affiliation.
“(c) Threatening employees with discharge by telling
employees that it can discharge them in retaliation for
their union activities without legal ramifications.
“(d) Threatening to file suit against union representa-
tives in response to its employees’ protected union activi-
ties.”
2. Substitute the following for paragraph 2(e).
“(e) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its jobsites copies of the attached notice marked “Appen-
dix.”5 Copies of the notice, on forms provided by the
Regional Director for Region 25, after being signed by
the Respondent’s authorized representative, shall be
posted by the Respondent immediately on receipt and
maintained for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous
places including all places where notices to employees
are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken
by the Respondent to ensure that the notices are not al-
tered, defaced, or covered by any other material. Since
work has been completed at the Davies School project in
Oden, Indiana, the Respondent shall duplicate and mail,
at its own expense, a copy of the notice to all current
employees and former employees employed by the Re-
spondent at the Oden jobsite at any time since the com-
mencement of the unfair labor practices on October 9,
2001, and to all the discriminatees named herein.”
3. Substitute the attached notice for that of the admin-
istrative law judge.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated the Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and
obey this notice.
339 NLRB No. 67
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 466
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.

WE WILL NOT impliedly threaten our employees with
discharge by telling employees they would not have been
hired if their union affiliation were known at the time of
hiring.
WE WILL NOT impliedly threaten our employees with
discharge by telling them that we contemplated discharg-
ing them upon learning of their union affiliation.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with discharge
by telling them that we can discharge them in retaliation
for their union activities without legal ramifications.
WE WILL NOT threaten to file suit against union repre-
sentatives in response to our employees’ protected union
activities.
WE WILL NOT discharge or otherwise discriminate
against any of you for supporting Sheet Metal Workers
International Association Local Union No. 20, or any
other union.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed you by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL, within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
Order, offer Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffery Bullington
full reinstatement to their former jobs or, if those jobs no
longer exist, to substantially equivalent positions, with-
out prejudice to their seniority or any other rights or
privileges previously enjoyed.
WE WILL make Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bulling-
ton whole for any loss of earnings and other benefits re-
sulting from their discharge, less any net interim earn-
ings, plus interest.

JON BOHNENKEMPER, D/B/A SOUTH STATE
BUILDERS, AND ITS ALTER EGO/SUCCESSOR
SOUTH STATE BUILDERS, INC.

Kimberly R. Sorg-Graves, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Jon Bohnenkemper, pro se, for the Respondent.
Neil E. Gath, Esq. (Fillenwarth, Dennerline, Groth & Towe), of
Indianapolis, Indiana, for the Charging Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
ARTHUR J. AMCHAN, Administrative Law Judge. This case
was tried in Jasper, Indiana, on August 12 and 13, 2002. The
charge was filed January 3, 2002, and the complaint was issued
April 17, 2002.
The General Counsel alleges that Respondent interfered
with, restrained, and coerced employees Vernon Stonestreet
and Jeffrey Bullington on October 9, 2001 in violation of Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) and then discharged them the same day in violation
of Section 8(a)(3) and (1).
On the entire record,1 including my observation of the de-
meanor of the witnesses, and after considering the briefs filed
by the General Counsel and the Charging Party, I make the
following
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
Throughout 2001, Jon Bohnenkemper operated Respondent,
South State Builders, as a sole proprietorship. His office was
and is in Jasper, Indiana. South State was and is a roofing con-
tractor and during 2001 performed services valued in excess of
$50,000 outside the State of Indiana. Despite its assertions to
the contrary, South State Builders employed employees and
thus I find that it is an employer engaged in commerce within
the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act. I also find
that the Union, Sheet Metal Workers International Association,
Local Union No. 20, is a labor organization within the meaning
of Section 2(5) of the Act. In January 2002, South State Build-
ers Incorporated. However, it continues to operate exactly as it
did before incorporation, performing the same kind of services
for the same customers. Employees working for South State
Builders, Inc. continue to be supervised in their work exclu-
sively by Jon Bohnenkemper and at least some of them worked
for South State Builders before it incorporated.
II. ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
In September 2001, SPS Corporation, a supplier and installer
of metal siding and roofing issued Respondent a purchase order
to install metal roof panels on the North Davies Elementary
School in Oden, Indiana.2 Prior to Respondent’s arrival on the
jobsite, Williams Construction Company, another contractor,
had already installed 20,000 square feet of the 80,000 square
feet of roofing panels. The two discriminates in this case,
Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bullington, worked for Wil-
liams on the Davies School project. The Union sent them to
Williams as “salts” but they never revealed their union affilia-
tion prior to Williams’ departure from the job.
To complete the purchase order, South State transferred six
employees from a jobsite in Carrollton, Kentucky, to the Davies
School project. On September 19, Jerry Ramsey, business
representative for the Union, went to this jobsite. Ramsey met
with South State’s owner, Jon Bohnenkemper, and told him that
he was not paying his employees the wage rate required by
Indiana’s “prevailing wage rate” statute. Bohnenkemper was
paying his employees the rate specified for roofers; Ramsey
contended that he was required to pay the rate specified for

1 The word “concedes” is repeatedly mistranscribed as “conceives.”
2 Oden is about 40–50 miles west of Jasper and northeast of Evans-
ville, Indiana.
SOUTH STATE BUILDERS 467
sheet metal workers, which is about $10 per hour higher (in
excess of $31).
Ramsey also instructed Stonestreet and Bullington to go
back to the Davies School and apply for work with South State.
They did so, without revealing their union affiliation, on Sep-
tember 20. Bohnenkemper hired Stonestreet and Bullington
and told them to start work on Monday, September 24. Bohnen-
kemper informed the two salts that they would be paid by
Manpower, Inc. and that they would have to fill out a Man-
power employment application which he would fax to Man-
power’s office in Madison, Indiana.
Stonestreet and Bullington started work on September 24
and were given the employment applications on the afternoon
of September 25. They returned them to Bohnenkemper on the
morning of September 26. Neither employee was interviewed
nor had any contact with Manpower. No representative of
Manpower ever came to the Davies jobsite. Jon Bohnenkemper
performed all the supervision of employees who were laying
roofing panels.
Shortly after they started working for South State, Ston-
estreet and Bullington were contacted by a State of Indiana
inspector regarding their wages. Business Representative Jerry
Ramsey had contacted this inspector. Shortly thereafter, Re-
spondent began paying its employees the higher wage rate
specified for sheet metal workers.
On Tuesday, October 2, four union organizers came to the
Davies School jobsite. Bohnenkemper told his employees that
they could talk to the organizers but that he wouldn’t join Jerry
Ramsey’s union. He also said that when he met Ramsey the
week before, he would have liked to have thrown him off the
roof.
Ramsey returned to the Davies School jobsite on Tuesday,
October 9, 2001. He brought with him a letter identifying Ston-
estreet and Bullington as union organizers. Ramsey also told
Bohnenkemper orally that the two employees were organizers.
Shortly thereafter both Stonestreet and Bullington revealed
union T-shirts that they had been wearing underneath other
articles of clothing.
Shortly before lunch, Bohnenkemper approached Stonestreet
and Bullington and said they had lied to him, because he had
asked them whether they were affiliated with the Union. Ston-
estreet responded that Bohnenkemper was not supposed to
make such inquiries. Bohnenkemper said that if he had known
that Stonestreet and Bullington were being paid by the Union,
he would have hired somebody else. Bohnenkemper also re-
marked that he would file suit against Jerry Ramsey if he con-
tinued to harass him.
During lunch, Bohnenkemper approached Stonestreet and
Bullington again and told them that he was tempted to tell Jerry
Ramsey to take the two of them with him when Ramsey left the
jobsite that morning. He also told them that he could find a
way to get rid of them if he so desired.
At the end of the day, Bohnenkemper approached Stonestreet
and Bullington a third time. He told them that Respondent was
running short of roofing panels and stitch screws and therefore
he was going to lay the two off, since they were the newest
employees. This assertion was inaccurate in that Bohnen-
kemper had hired two employees for the Davies School job
after the two salts started work. These employees were Amber
Hastings, who started work on October 1, and William Upton
who started work on October 8.
Analysis
Respondent violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) in laying off
Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bullington on October 9, 2001.
In order to prove a violation of Section 8(a)(3) and (1), the
General Counsel must show that union activity or other pro-
tected activity has been a substantial factor in the employer’s
adverse personnel decision. To establish discriminatory moti-
vation, the General Counsel must show union or protected con-
certed activity, employer knowledge of that activity, animus or
hostility towards that activity and an adverse personnel action
caused by such animus or hostility. Inferences of knowledge,
animus and discriminatory motivation may be drawn from cir-
cumstantial evidence as well from direct evidence.3 Once the
General Counsel has made an initial showing of discrimination,
the burden of persuasion shifts to the employer to prove its
affirmative defense that it would have taken the same action
even if the employee had not engaged in protected activity.
Wright Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662 F.2d 899 (1st
Cir. 1981).
As a preliminary matter, I conclude that South State Builders
was Stonestreet and Bullington’s employer. Bohnenkemper
does not contend that the employees on the Davies School job
were independent contractors. He suggests that Manpower,
Inc., was their employer. Manpower provided payroll and ad-
ministrative services to South State for its employees. Jon
Bohnenkemper was the only person who directed the employ-
ees at Davies in the manner and means by which they were to
perform their tasks. For example, he directed Stonestreet to
wear his tool belt at all times. Bohnenkemper also hired em-
ployees, set the terms and conditions of their employment and
fired them—without input from Manpower or anyone else. No
representative of Manpower ever visited the Davies School
jobsite.
The General Counsel has made a prima facie case of dis-
crimination. Stonestreet and Bullington were on the Davies
project as union organizers. Bohnenkemper discharged them
within hours of discovering this fact, after making a number of
comments establishing his animus towards the Union. More-
over, I also infer discriminatory motive from the pretextual
nature of Bohnenkemper’s explanation for the discharges. It is
well settled that when a respondent’s stated motives for its
actions are found to be false, the circumstances may warrant an
inference that the true motive is an unlawful one that the re-
spondent desires to conceal, Fluor Daniel, Inc., 304 NLRB
970, 971 (1991); Fast Food Merchandisers, 291 NLRB 897,
898 (1988); Shattuck Denn Mining Corp., 362 F.2d 466, 470
(9th Cir. 1966); and Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products,
530 U.S.133 (2000).
Bohnenkemper testified that he laid Stonestreet and Bulling-
ton off because he was running out of work for his employees

3 Flowers Baking Co., 240 NLRB 870, 871 (1979); Washington
Nursing Home, Inc., 321 NLRB 366, 375 (1966); W. F. Bolin Co. v.
NLRB, 70 F.3d 863 (6th Cir. 1995).
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 468
at the Davies School. Since six–eight employees continued
working at the project after October 9, Respondent would have
to prove that the alleged discriminates were selected for layoff
for non-discriminatory reasons to establish an affirmative de-
fense. South State falls far short of meeting this burden.
An obvious problem with Respondent’s defense is that it
hired two employees after Stonestreet and Bullington, one of
whom started the day before the lay off. Even assuming that
there is a credible nondiscriminatory explanation for a lay off;
there is no such explanation for laying off the discriminatees
rather than the two newer employees.
Bohnenkemper testified that he asked Stonestreet and Bull-
ington if they would be willing to travel to other worksites,
particularly the project he had in Carrollton, Kentucky. He
testified further that because the discriminatees indicated that
they would not do so, he laid them off rather than the new em-
ployees. I credit the testimony of the discriminates that
Bohnenkemper never asked them about the Carrollton job or
any other except for a potential job in Jasper. I credit their
testimony that they never indicated that they would be unwill-
ing to work at sites other than the Davies School.
I also decline to credit Bohnenkemper’s testimony that the
two new employees, Amber Hastings and William Upton indi-
cated a willingness to work in Carrollton and other sites. First
of all, there is nothing to corroborate this self-serving testimony
and the only evidence in the record (GC Exh. 4) indicates that
Hastings and Upton worked exclusively at the Davies School
project until December 2001, when their employment with
South State ended.
There is also no indication that Respondent needed to trans-
fer any employees to Carrollton on October 9. It was not until
October 21, that any employee was sent to Carrollton from the
Davies School. That employee, Fred Johnson, was almost im-
mediately replaced at Davies by a new hire, Pat Bryant.
Bohnenkemper testified at length about the fact that he was
given two separate purchase orders for the Davies School. The
first was to install the roof panels and the second was to per-
form gutter work. I credit his testimony that SPS did not issue
him the second purchase order until late November. This is
indicated by the fact that Respondent hired a number of new
employees at this time. However, the receipt of the second
purchase order is irrelevant to the issues in this case. It is evi-
dent that Respondent had a substantial amount of work on the
project after October 9, and that six to eight of employees con-
tinued to work at the school. Even assuming that South State
needed fewer employees on October 9, than previously, there is
no credible nondiscriminatory explanation for Respondent se-
lecting Stonestreet and Bullington for layoff on that date—
particularly given the close proximity to the jobsite visit by
Ramsey and Bohnenkemper’s discovery that the discriminates
were union organizers.
Respondent Violated Section 8(a)(1) as Alleged
in Complaint Paragraph 5
After meeting with Ramsey on October 9, Bohnenkemper
told Stonestreet and Bullington that he would not have hired
them if he knew they were paid union organizers, that he had
been tempted to discharge them when Ramsey was at the site,
that he could get rid of them if he wanted to and that he might
file suit against Jerry Ramsey. These remarks interfered with,
restrained, and coerced the discriminatees in the exercise of
their rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act and thus violated
Section 8(a)(1). Indeed, it is evident that Bohnenkemper made
these remarks while he was contemplating how he could dis-
charge Stonestreet and Bullington and that the remarks were
likely to give the two employees the impression that he was
looking for a way to get rid of them.
Jon Bohnenkemper, Doing Business As South State
Builders, and South State Builders, Inc.,
are Jointly and Severally Liable to Remedying
the Unfair Labor Practices Found Herein.
South State Builders, Inc., has identical management, busi-
ness purpose, operations, equipment, customers, supervision,
and ownership, as did South State Builders in 2001. Thus,
despite any evidence as to Respondent’s motive in incorporat-
ing, I find that South State Builders, Inc. is an alter ego of
South State Builders. It is the same company and is thus re-
sponsible for remedying the unfair labor practices of South
State Builders.
South State Builders, Inc. is also responsible for remedying
South State Builders unfair labor practices because it is a suc-
cessor to South State Builders. Since the two companies are
essentially the same, South State Builders, Inc. obviously had
knowledge of South State Builders’ unfair labor practices when
it started operating as a corporation. The two entities therefore
are jointly and severally liable for remedying these violations,
Golden State Bottling Co. v. NLRB, 414 U.S. 168 (1973).
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) on October 9, 2001,
by making remarks to Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bulling-
ton that had a tendency to interfere with, restrain, and coerce
them in the exercise of their Section 7 rights.
2. Respondent violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) in discharg-
ing Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bullington on the same
date.
3. South State Builders, Inc. and South State Builders are al-
ter egos.
4. South State Builders, Inc. is a successor to South State
Builders.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practices, I find that it must be ordered to cease and
desist and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectu-
ate the policies of the Act.
The Respondent having discriminatorily discharged Vernon
Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bullington, it must offer them rein-
statement and make them whole for any loss of earnings and
other benefits, computed on a quarterly basis from date of dis-
charge to date of proper offer of reinstatement, less any net
interim earnings, as prescribed in F. W. Woolworth Co., 90
NLRB 289 (1950), plus interest as computed in New Horizons
for the Retarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987).
SOUTH STATE BUILDERS 469
On these findings of fact and conclusions of law and on the
entire record, I issue the following recommended4
ORDER
The Respondent, Jon Bohnenkemper, d/b/a as South State
Builders and its alter ego/successor South State Builders, Inc.,
Jasper, Indiana, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns,
shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Discharging or otherwise discriminating against any em-
ployee for supporting Sheet Metal Workers International Union
Local Union No. 20 or any other union.
(b) In any like or related manner interfering with, restraining,
or coercing employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed
them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to effec-
tuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, offer Vernon
Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bullington full reinstatement to their
former jobs or, if those jobs no longer exist, to substantially
equivalent positions, without prejudice to their seniority or any
other rights or privileges previously enjoyed.
(b) Make Vernon Stonestreet and Jeffrey Bullington whole
for any loss of earnings and other benefits suffered as a result
of the discrimination against them, in the manner set forth in
the remedy section of the decision.
(c) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, remove from
its files any reference to the unlawful discharges, and within 3

4 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board’s
Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur-
poses.
days thereafter notify the employees in writing that this has
been done and that the discharges will not be used against them
in any way.
(d) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, or such addi-
tional time as the Regional Director may allow for good cause
shown, provide at a reasonable place designated by the Board
or its agents, all payroll records, social security payment re-
cords, timecards, personnel records and reports, and all other
records, including an electronic copy of such records if stored
in electronic form, necessary to analyze the amount of backpay
due under the terms of this Order.
(e) Within 14 days after service by the Region, mail a copy
of the attached notice marked “Appendix”5 to all employees
who were employed by the Respondent at the Davies School
project in Oden, Indiana, at any time from the onset of the un-
fair labor practices found in this case, October 9, 2001, until the
completion of these employees’ work at that jobsite. The no-
tice shall be mailed to the last known address of each of the
employees after being signed by the Respondent’s authorized
representative.
(f) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file with the
Regional Director a sworn certification of a responsible official
on a form provided by the Region attesting to the steps that the
Respondent has taken to comply.

5 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”