Olean Case Corp.Download PDFNational Labor Relations Board - Board DecisionsJan 29, 1974208 N.L.R.B. 793 (N.L.R.B. 1974) Copy Citation OLEAN CASE CORP. 793 Olean Case Corporation and International Union of Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers, AFL-CIO. Case 3-CA-5357 January 29, 1974 DECISION AND ORDER BY CHAIRMAN MILLER AND MEMBERS FANNING AND JENKINS union membership , and suggesting to them that it would be futile to support the above -named Union , and that it violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act by discharging its employee Bonita Carpenter . The proceeding was initiated by a charge filed by the above-named Union on July 9, 1973, pursuant to which General Counsel issued a complaint on August 17, 1973.1 On September 19, hearing was held in Olean, New York. On the basis of the entire record herein , including my observation of the witnesses , I hereby make the following: On October 30, 1973, Administrative Law Judge Henry L. Jalette issued the attached Decision in this proceeding. Thereafter, Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting brief. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Relations Board has delegated its authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel. The Board has considered the record and the attached Decision in light of the exceptions and brief and has decided to affirm the rulings, findings,' and conclusions of the Administrative Law Judge and to adopt his recommended Order.2 ORDER Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Relations Board adopts as its Order the recommend- ed Order of the Administrative Law Judge and hereby orders that Respondent, Olean Case Corp., Olean, New York, its officers , agents, successors, and assigns, shall take the action set forth in the said recommended Order. i The Respondent has excepted to certain credibility findings made by the Administrative Law Judge It is the Board 's established policy not to overrule an Administrative Law Judge ' s resolutions with respect to credibility unless the clear preponderance of all of the relevant evidence convinces us that the resolutions are incorrect Standard Dry Wall Products, Inc, 91 NLRB 544, enfd 188 F 2d 362 (C A 3, 1951) We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing his findings E In the absence of exceptions thereto , we adopt pro forma the Administrative Law Judge 's findings that Plant Manager Sullivan's and Foreman Arnold 's remarks to employee Carpenter that "it would do her no good to get the union in" were not violative of Sec 8 (a)(1) of the Act, as alleged in the complaint DECISION STATEMENT OF THE CASE HENRY L. JALETTE, Administrative Law Judge : This case involves allegations that the above-named Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by threatening employ- ees with discharge , interrogating employees about their i Unless otherwise indicated all dates hereinafter are in 1973 2 Commerce is not in issue The complaint alleges, the answer admits, and I find that Respondent meets the Board 's direct outflow standard for FINDINGS OF FACT 1. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES A. The Facts Respondent is a New York corporation engaged in the manufacture and sale of commercial carrying cases and related products with its principal office and place of business in Olean , New York.2 Respondent has only been in operation since on or about March 27 at which time it took over the operations of a firm known as Porto Case. Bonita Carpenter had been an employee of Porto Case since April 1969 and was continued in the employment of Respondent when Respondent took over the operations of Porto Case. She was employed as a machine operator making shoe bags. In mid -June , Carpenter became interested in obtaining union representation and obtained union authorization cards from a representative of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (here- inafter referred to as IBEW) which she distributed to other employees soliciting signatures . She obtained about 25 signed cards but was unable to make contact with a representative of the IBEW to turn over the cards . For this reason , she destroyed the cards authorizing representation by the IBEW, and on June 28 she contacted a representa- tive of the Charging Union herein and obtained authoriza- tion cards from him which she received on June 30. On July 2, she passed out the cards at work and again obtained approximately 25 signatures . According to Carpenter, sometime in mid-June she had a conversation with Foreman James Arnold3 at her machine in which she remarked that things had not improved in the last 5 years and that maybe a union would help. Arnold replied that it wouldn't do any good to get the Union in, that it would not help her . Later that same day, Arnold had another conversation with Carpenter at her machine in which he told her that if any one signed any union cards they would be fired . Carpenter couldn't say who initiated the conversa- tion nor did she testify to any response. On one occasion during the same period of time , several employees observed Plant Manager Lyle Sullivan in the work area with a union card in his shirt pocket . According to Carpenter , she had a conversation with Sullivan at her machine in which he asked her why she didn't give him a card to sign . Carpenter replied by asking him why he didn't the assertion of jurisdiction. 3 The name of Arnold is incorrectly spelled in the record 208 NLRB No. 120 794 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD sign the one he had in his pocket and return it to her. Sullivan apparently did not reply directly to Carpenter's question but said that it would not do any good to get a union in there anyway, that the employees were nov going to get any more . Employee Carol Chapman testified she overheard this remark . Employee Deborah Neff had noticed the card in Sullivan 's pocket, and to tease him she asked him if he was going to join the Union . Neff testified, "He looked at me funny and he said it wouldn't do you any good and he looked kind of mad so I didn 't pursue it." That same day , Carpenter had another conversation with Sullivan wherein he told her that any one who signed a union card would be fired . He- also said again that it wouldn 't do any good to try to get a union in the plant because the employees wouldn't get any more than they were getting before . Carpenter made no reply. Carpenter testified that on Friday, June 28 , she was in the lunchroom and Foreman Arnold came in. She asked him if she could have a. couple of hours off on July 3, and he replied that it was okay as far as he knew . Carpenter then asked him about the week after July 4, for her vacation and Arnold replied again that it was okay as far as he knew. On July 2, Sullivan again told Carpenter at her machine that any one who signed a' union card would be fired. Carpenter's response to this was that he could not fire people for trying to get a union in or fire them for joining the Union. On July 3, Carpenter left work at 1:07 p.m. The regular end of the work shift was 4 p .m. Foreman Arnold was away from the plant on vacation and Carpenter did not say anything to any other supervisor about leaving early. On July 5, the next workday, Carpenter discovered on reporting to work that her timecard,was missing from the rack and she went to see Sullivan to ask him about her timecard. According to Carpenter, Sullivan told her that she had quit . She asked him what he meant, that if she had quit she would not be there . He told her she had walked off the job without telling any one and she replied that she had asked Foreman Arnold before and she didn 't think it was necessary to tell him and besides he was busy on a sewing machine that had broken down , another foreman was also busy, and she figured that they knew she was going to leave. Sullivan told her that Dr. Tripodi , one of the owners of the Company , didn't want her working there any longer, and Carpenter asked to speak to him. Sullivan checked with Tripodi and reported to Carpenter that Tripodi wouldn 't talk to her. Carpenter refused to leave and waited around until about 9 a.m. At one point , Personnel Manager Anthony Brunsing came out and spoke to her and told her she was fired as far as he was concerned. Carpenter told him she didn't know why and Brunsing said because she was incompetent. On July 9 , the Union filed a petition for an election and an election was held on September 5, in which a majority of the valid votes cast were for representation by the Union and on September 13, the Union was certified. On September 17, Bruning asked employee Deborah Neff if she had joined the Union . She told him no. Bruning had a tablet in his hand at the time with a list of names and he put a notation next to Neff's name indicating that she had not yet joined. Bruning told Neff that he wanted her to know that the plant did not have to be a closed shop and that if she joined the Union dues would be taken out of her wages., According to employee Lois Adams, Brunsing also asked her if she had joined the Union and when she didn't answer he repeated the question and told her that the Company would find out any way. Adams them told him that she had joined. Brunsing then made a notation on the tablet that he was carrying. Brunsing asked employee Carol Chapman if she had joined the Union and she also replied not yet. As in the case of the others he made the notation on the tablet he was carrying and he told Chapman that he wanted to inform her that according to law the plant did not have to be a closed shop , and the employees who were working there who didn't join the Union would get the same benefits without having to pay dues and initiation fees. B. Analysis and Conclusions The principal issue presented by the foregoing is Respondent's motive in discharging Carpenter . According to General Counsel , Respondent discharged Carpenter because of her union activities. and he predicates this contention on her role as principal union organizer, the threats of discharge which she testified to, and her testimony that she did not leave work without permission. Among these elements of proof, only one can be said to be undisputed and that is Carpenter's role as principal union organizer. Moreover, a finding that Respondent knew of her role is clearly warranted . Respondent's plant is a`small one employing about 30 employees and Carpenter's activities were in the plant . It is undisputed that on one occasion Sullivan observed an employee returning a card to Carpenter and while he may not have been able to see the card closely enough to be certain that it was a union card , it is inconceivable that he did not know what it was in light of the fact, again undisputed, that he had been given a union card earlier by an employee which he had carried in his shirt pocket. These circumstances are sufficient to warrant an inference of company knowledge . In addition, there are the conversations about the Union between Foreman Arnold and Carpenter, which are not denied, and the conversations between Carpenter and Sullivan, which are denied, but as to which I credit Carpenter. On the basis of the foregoing, I find that Respondent knew of Carpenter's union activities. It is , of course, not enough to show that Carpenter engaged in union activities and that Respondent knew it; it must also be shown that she was discharged because of those activities, and, in this connection, "The issue ... is not, of course, whether or not there existed grounds for discharge ... apart from [Carpenter's] union activities. The fact that the employer had ample reason for discharging [her] is of no moment. It was free to discharge [her] for any reason good or bad, so long as it did not discharge [her] for [her] union activity. And even though the [discharge] may have been based upon other reasons as well, if the employer was partly motivated by union activity, the .[discharge was ] violative of the Act." N.L R.B. OLEAN CASE CORP. v. Great Eastern Color Lithographic Corp., 309 F.2d 352, 355 (C.A. 2, 1962). In my judgment the evidence preponderates in favor of a finding that Carpenter's discharge was motivated by her union activities. In the first place, I find, contrary to the testimony of Foreman Arnold, that Carpenter requested and received permission to leave work early on July 3. This finding is based on the fact that Carpenter was corroborat- ed by employee Carol Chapman about having requested permission of Foreman Arnold to leave work early on July 3. Chapman 's testimony differed in some respects, from Carpenter's, but not in such a way to lead me to believe that she was corroborating Carpenter because they were friends. Arguably, had such been the case, her testimony would have been tailored more carefully to Carpenter's. Moreover, Chapman testified that on the afternoon of July 3 Sullivan asked her about Carpenter's having left the plant and she told him Carpenter had permission to leave. Such a statement, which Sullivan did not deny was made, made prior to the discharge of Carpenter and before the charge filed in the instant case, lends strong support to Carpenter's and Chapman's assertion that Carpenter requested and received permission from Arnold to leave work early on July 3: This showing that Respondent's asserted reason for discharge is false ". . warrants the inference that some other reason was being concealed." NLRB. v. Joseph Antell, Inc., 358 F.2d 880, 883 (C.A. 1, 1966). But that is only one circumstance that leads to the conclusion that the real reason Carpenter was discharged was because of her union activities. Other circumstances compel the same conclusion. Thus, when. Carpenter reported for work on July 5 and was accused of leaving work early without permission , she told Sullivan she had permission from Arnold. In light of that assertion, it appears to me that an employer would normally withhold discharge until the assertion could be verified. As I understand Sullivan's testimony, he did not do this because Foreman Arnold would have told him before he left for his vacation if he had given Carpenter, or any other employee, permission to leave work early during the week he was to be away and Arnold had said nothing to him. I might have given credence to such an explanation had Sullivan merely suspended Carpenter until he had an opportunity to verify her assertion. Instead, he chose to fire her precipitately. As a matter of fact , even before July 5 Sullivan had been put on notice by Chapman that Carpenter might have received permission to leave work early, yet he undertook to confer with other management officials and obtained their agreement to discharge her without even giving Carpenter an opportunity to explain her leaving work early. In addition, the very day Carpenter left work early he posted a notice to employees about the company rule that employees desirous of time off must request permission to be off at least 2 days ahead of time. Such a rule had been in existence for some time, and no explanation was given why Arnold deemed it necessary to post a notice on July 3 just because Carpenter had left work early. Such hasty action suggests that leaving work early without permission was 4 The complaint did not allege that Respondent violated Section 8(a)(I) of the Act by Arnold's threat of discharge , but Carpenter's testimony that 795 only a pretext to discharge Carpenter because of her union activities. Further support for a finding of unlawful motivation is to be found in Respondent's threats to discharge anyone who signed union cards and its interrogation of employees. Insofar as the threats are concerned, they are based on the testimony of Carpenter herself . The striking , similarity between the statements she attributed to Arnold and Sullivan, and the fact that she was the alleged discrimina- tee and the only one to attribute threats of discharge to supervisors, caused me to question whether Carpenter was a credible witness . In concluding that she was ,. I have considered among other things the fact that Arnold and Sullivan were shown to be untrustworthy witnesses on the issue of permission to leave work early , the fact that Chapman corroborated Carpenter as to part of one conversation with Sullivan , the fact . that employee Neff, who impressed me as a credible witness , attributed to Sullivan a remark similar to that attributed to him by Carpenter, and the fact that Arnold did not deny making the statements attributed to him . Accordingly,on the basis of the credited testimony of Carpenter , I conclude not only that the threats of discharge support a finding that her discharge was unlawfully motivated, but also, as alleged in the complaint, that the threats were violative of Section 8(axl) of the Act 4 As to the interrogation by Brunsing , there is no dispute it occurred . The only question is whether it was unlawful. In my judgment, it clearly was. In the first place , from the description of the interrogation given by Adams, Chap- man, and Neff, in particular, the fact that Brunsing had a tablet with the names of employees, the inference is warranted that the interrogation was not limited to those three employees, but rather that it included all or a substantial number of employees. If Adams', Chapman's, and Neff s description of the interrogation is typical of the approach followed by Brunsing , and there is no reason to believe it is not, he did not tell employees the purpose of his inquiry and he did not give employees assurances against reprisal . According to'Brunsing , he interrogated the employees "for personal records and payroll deductions or anything that would come about that I would have to execute in any position ." While such an explanation might be plausible under other circumstances , it is implausible when it occurs on the heels of the Union 's certification and before the Union has even made its initial contact for negotiations . Unions may nearly always demand union- security and checkoff provisions in any contract negotiat- ed, but Brunsing's anticipation is out of the ordinary. Significantly , he did not give the employees the reason he gave at the hearing. To the contrary, his remarks to Neff and Chapman indicate that his purpose was to dissuade employees from joining the Union and thereby undermine its support . Under the circumstances , including Respon- dent's other unfair labor practices found herein, I find the interrogation to have been coercive and violative of Section 8(axl) of the Act, and although it occurred after Carpenter's discharge , the union animus reflected by such he had uttered such a threat was received into evidence without objection and I view the issue as having been fully litigated. 796 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD conduct supports the finding that Respondent discharged Carpenter because of her union activities. In addition to the foregoing, in arriving at. Respondent's motive in discharging Carpenter, I have taken into consideration Respondent's attempt at the hearing to assign additional reasons for discharging Carpenter. These additional reasons were tardiness and unsatisfactory work. As to her tardiness,' Foreman Arnold had no complaint and her' tardiness record was no worse than that of Deborah Neff who had never been warned that tardiness could result in disciplinary action. As to her work performance, Foreman Arnold deemed it satisfactory, while Sullivan painted her as incompetent. In so doing, he gave further indication that Respondent's real motive in discharging Carpenter was her union activity. Finally, there is evidence that during her 4 years' employment under the supervision of Sullivan, Carpenter had been told on a few occasions that she was fired. It appears that this was principally because of excessive talking and insubordination. However, Carpenter was never actually fired. On every occasion when Sullivan told her she was' fired the statement was retracted and ' she remained employed.It is significant that the only excep- tion was the discharge on July 5 and it is equally significant that by that date Carpenter had become . the union organizer. In short, all the circumstances described above warrant the inference that Carpenter's discharge was motivated by her union activities. I so find. All that remains for consideration are Arnold's and Sullivan's remarks to Carpenter that it would do her no good to get a union in., The complaint alleges that these remarks were, violative of Section 8(axl) of the Act. I do not agree..The remarks contained no threats of reprisal, nor promise of benefit, nor did Arnold or Sullivan indicate that the selection of a union would do no good because Respondent would engage in unlawful conduct. According to my understanding of Board cases in this area, a statement suggesting to employees the futility of selecting a union to represent them is unlawful where the statement conveys the idea that it would be futile because the employer would not bargain with it or engage in some other unfair labor practice.5 No such idea was suggested by Arnold or Sullivan in his remarks and I shall recommend dismissal of the complaint allegation relating thereto. II. THE ' EFFECT OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES UPON COMMERCE The activities of Respondent set forth above, occurring in connection with its operations described above, have a close, intimate, and substantial relationship to trade, traffic, and commerce among the several' States and tend to lead to ' labor disputes burdening and obstructing com- merce and the free flow of commerce. III. THE REMEDY Having found `that Respondent has engaged in unfair labor practices in violation of Section 8(axl) and (3) of the Act, I shall' recommend that it be ordered to cease and desist therefrom' and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectuate the policies of the Act. As I have found that Respondent discharged Bonita Carpenter because of her union activities , I shall recom- mend that it be ordered to offer her immediate and full reinstatement to her former job or, if such job no longer exists, to a substantially equivalent position, without prejudice to her seniority or other rights and privileges, and to make her whole for any loss of earnings she may have suffered by reason of her unlawful discharge by payment to her of a sum of money equal tq that which she normally would have earned as wages , from the date of her discharge to the date of the offer of reinstatement , less net earnings, to which shall be added interest at the rate of 6 percent per annum in accordance with the formula set forth in F. W. Woolworth Company, 90 NLRB 289, and Isis Plumbing & Heating Co., 138 NLRB 716. The unfair labor practices committed by Respondent strike at the very heart of employees' rights safeguarded by the Act. I shall therefore recommend that Respondent be placed under a broad order to cease and desist from in any manner infringing upon the rights of employees guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act. N.LRB. v. Entwistle Mfg. Co., 120 F.2d 532, 536 (C.A. 4). CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 1. Olean Case Corporation is an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. 2. International Union of Electrical, Radio and Ma- chine Workers, AFL-CIO, is a labor organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act. 3. By interrogating employees about their union mem- bership and by threatening employees with discharge if they sign union cards, Respondent has engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Sections 8(aXI) and 2(6) and (7) of the Act. 4. By discharging Bonita Carpenter because of her union activities, Respondent has engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Sections 8(ax l) and (3) and 2(6) and (7) of the Act. 5. The evidence is insufficient to warrant a finding that Respondent violated Section 8(a)(l) of the Act by telling employees that it would be futile to support the above- named Union. Upon the foregoing findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the entire record in this case, and pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act, I hereby issue the following recommend- ed: ' Compare M. B. D. Company, 193 NLRB 494 , and Howard Manufactur- ing Company, Inc., 180 NLRB 220. OLEA'N CASE CORP. ORDER 6 Respondent, Olean Case Corporation, its officers, agents, successors , and assigns, shall: 1. Cease and desist from: (a) Discouraging membership in, or activities on behalf of, International Union of Electrical , Radio and Machine Workers, AFL-CIO, or, in any other labor organization, by discharging employees because of their union activities or otherwise discriminating against them in regard to their hire or tenure of employment or any terms or conditions of their employment. (b) Threatening employees with discharge if they sign union cards. (c) Interrogating employees about their union member- ship in a manner or under circumstances constituting interference with, and restraint and coercion of, employees in their exercise of Section 7 rights. (d) In any other manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing employees in the exercise of their rights , to self- organization, to form , join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection, or to refrain from any and all such activities. 2. Take the following affirmative action designed and found necessary to effectuate the policies of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended: (a) Offer to Bonita Carpenter immediate , full and unconditional reinstatement to her former job or, if such job no longer exists, to a substantially equivalent position, without prejudice to, her seniority or other' rights or privileges, and make her whole for any loss of pay she may have suffered by reason of the discrimination against her by payment to her of a sum of money equal to the amount she normally would have earned as wages from the date of her discharge to the date of her reinstatement in the manner set forth in the section entitled "The Remedy." (b) Preserve and, upon request, make available to the Board and its agents , for examination and copying, all payroll records, social security payment records, timecards, personnel records and reports and all other records relevant and necessary to a determination of the amounts of backpay due under the terms of this recommended Order. (c) Post at its Olean, New York, place of business copies of the attached notice marked "Appendix." v Copies of said notice, on forms provided by the Regional Director for Region 3, after being duly signed by the Respondent's representative , shall be posted by it immediately upon receipt thereof, and maintained by it for 60 consecutive days thereafter , in conspicuous places, including all places where notices to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to insure that said notices are not altered, defaced , or covered by any other material. (d) Notify the said Regional Director, in writing, within 20 days from the date of this Decision, what steps Respondent has taken to comply herewith. IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that the allegation of the 797 complaint found not to have been sustained by a preponderance of the evidence ,be dismissed. 6 In the event no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec . 102.46 of the Rules and Regulations of the National Labor Relations Board , the findings, conclusions , recommendations . And recommended Order herein, shall, as provided in Sec . 102.48 of the Rules and Regulations , be adopted by the Board and become its findings , conclusions, and order, and all objections thereto shall be deemed waived for all purposes. I In the event that the Board 's Order is enforced by a Judgment of a United States Court of Appeals , the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the National Labor Relations Board" shall be read -Posted Pursuant to a Judgment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the National Labor Relations Board." APPENDIX NOTICE To EMPLOYEES POSTED BY ORDER OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD An Agency of the United States Government After a trial in which both sides had the opportunity to present their evidence , the National Labor Relations Board has found that we violated the law when we discharged Bonita Carpenter because of her activities on behalf of the union and the Board has ordered us to post this notice. WE WILL NOT discharge employees because of their activities on behalf, or support , of the International Union of Electrical , Radio and Machine Workers, AFL-CIO, or any other labor organization. WE WILL offer Bonita Carpenter her job back, or, if her job no longer exists, a substantially equivalent job, and we will pay her the wages which she lost because we discharged her unlawfully. WE WILL NOT question employees about their union membership. WE WILL NOT threaten employees with discharge because they sign union cards. WE WILL NOT in any other manner interfere with, restrain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of rights guaranteed to them by Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended. You are free to become and remain members of International Union of Electrical , Radio and Machine Workers, AFL-CIO, or any other labor organization. OLEAN CASE CORPORATION (Employer) Dated By (Representative) (Title) This is an official notice and must not be defaced by anyone. This notice must remain posted for 60 consecutive days from the date of posting and must not be altered , defaced, or covered by any other material. Any questions concern- ing this notice or compliance with its provisions may' be directed to the Board's Office, 9th Floor, Federal Building, Ill W. Huron Street , Buffalo, New York 14202, Telephone 716-842-3100. Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation