Maui Pineapple Co., Ltd.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Feb 3, 1945

60 N.L.R.B. 401 (N.L.R.B. 1945)

In the Matter Of MAUI PINEAPPLE COMPANY, LIMITED and INTER-
NATIONAL LONGSHOREMEN'S AND WAREHOUSEMEN'S UNION, C. I. O.
In the Matter of LIBBY, MGNEILL & LIBBY and PROCESSING, WARE-
HOUSE AND-DISTRIBUTION WORKERS UNION, LOCAL 144 (ILWU-CIO)
In the -Matter of BALDWIN PACKERS, LIMITED and PROCESSING, WARE-
HOUSE AND DISTRIBUTION WORKERS UNION, LOCAL 144 (ILWU-CIO)
Cases Nos. 23-R-38, '3-R-50 and 03-R-49, respectively.Decided
February 3, 1945
Mr. Ryburn L. Hackler, for the Board.
Stanley Vitousek, Pratt, and Winn, by Mr. Montgomery E. Winn,
and Mr. James E. Blaisdell, of Honolulu, T. H., for the Companies.
Messrs. Frank E. Thompson and Joseph Kaholokula, of Honolulu,
T. H., for the Union.
Mr. Thomas A. Ricci, of counsel to the Board.
DECISION
AND
DIRECTION OF ELECTIONS
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Upon separate petitions duly filed by International Longshoremen's
and Warehousemen's Union, C. I. 0., and Processing, Warehouse and
Distribution Workers Union, Local 144 (ILWU-CIO), both herein
called the Union,, alleging that questions affecting commerce had
arisen concerning the representation of employees of Maui Pineapple
Company, Limited, Kahului, Territory of Hawaii, herein called Maui,
Libby, McNeill & Libby, Haiku, Territory of Hawaii, herein called
Libby, and Baldwin Packers, Limited, Lahaina, Territory of Hawaii,
herein called Baldwin, all three companies herein collectively referred
to as the Companies, the National Labor Relations Board provided
for appropriate hearings upon due notice before Peter F. Ward,
Trial Examiner. Hearings at Wailuku, Territory of Hawaii, were
held in Case No. 23-R-38 on November 14, 15, 17, and 18, 1944, in
Case No. 23-R-50 on November 18 and 20, 1944, and, in Case No.
1 Processing, Warehouse and Distribution Workers Union , Local 144, is an affiliate of,
and was chartered by International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen 's Union, C. I. 0.,
after the date of filing of the petition in Case No 23-R-38.
60 N. L. R. B., No. 79.
628563-45-vol 60-27 401
402 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
23-R-49 on November 20, 1944. The Companies, the Board, and the
Union appeared, participated, and were afforded full opportunity
to be heard, to examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to intro-
duce evidence bearing on the issues. The-Trial Examiner's rulings
made at the hearings are free from prejudicial error and are hereby
affirmed. All parties were afforded opportunity to file briefs with
the Board. Subsequent to the hearing, the Companies and the
attorney for the Board moved to amend the record in each case to
include a stipulation regarding the status of the Union asna labor
organization; and the parties in Case No: 23-R-49 moved to correct
the record in that case in certain respects. Both motions are hereby
granted. For the purpose of decision, the three cases are hereby
consolidated.
Upon the entire record in the cases, the Board makes the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. THE BUSINESSES OF THE COMPANIES
Maui Pineapple Company, Limited, and Baldwin Packers, Limited,
are corporations organized and existing under the laws of the Terri-
tory of Hawaii. Libby, McNeill & Libby is a corporation organized
under the laws of Maine and is authorized to do business in the
Territory of Hawaii. Maui operates a cannery at Kahului, Libby at
Kuiaha, and Baldwin at Lahaina, all on the Island of Maui, Territory
of Hawaii. Libby also grows pineapples in its own fields on the same
island. During the year 1944, each of the Companies processed and
canned pineapples at its cannery in the Territory of Hawaii, and
shipped substantially all of its canned products to the mainland
of the United States. Maui's finished products were valued in excess
of $4,000,000, and Libby's and Baldwin's were each valued in excess
of $2,000,000. During the same period, each of the Companies pur-
chased materials, supplies, and parts for use at its cannery from
points on the mainland of the United States and from points within
the Territory of Hawaii. Maui's purchases were valued in excess of
$1,000,000, and Libby's and Baldwin's purchases were each valued
in excess of $500,000.
We find that the Companies are engaged in commerce within the
meaning of the National Labor Relations Act.
H. THE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, and
-Processing, Warehouse and Distribution Workers Union, Local 144,
both affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations, are
MAUI PINEAPPLE COMPANY, LIMITED 403
labor organizations admitting to membership employees of the
Company.
III. THE QUESTIONS CONCERNING REPRESENTATION
By letter dated August 17, 1944, the Union requested recognition
from Maui as the collective bargaining representative of certain of its
employees. By separate letters dated September 29, 1944, the Union
made similar demands upon Libby and Baldwin. Each of the Com-
panies declined to grant such recognition to the Union on the ground
that the unit sought in each instance was inappropriate for collective,
bargaining purposes.
Statements of a Board agent, introduced into evidence at the hear-
ings, indicate that the Union represents it substantial number of em-
ployees in,each unit claimed to be appropriate 2
We find that questions affecting commerce have arisen concerning
the representation of employees of each of the Companies, within the
meaning of Section 9 (c) and Section 2 (6), and (7) of the Act.
IV. THE APPROPRIATE UNITS
The Companies are engaged in the processing and canning of pine-
apples throughout the year. During the peak season,3 usually between
June 15 and October 1, of each year, their canneries are operated
continuously. Between peak seasons, the canneries operate intermit-
tently, or 1 or 2 days weekly, depending upon the amount of fruit
available. The Companies' employees fall into three categories: (1).
basic employees, who work all year round and never go off the pay
rolls; (2) intermittent employees, who work regularly during the-
peak season and, also the 1 or 2 days weekly during the remainder of
the year when the Companies do off-season canning; and (3) "sea-
sonal" employees, for the most part school children, housewives, and'
casual laborers, who work only during the peak season. The great
majority of employees fall into this last seasonal group.
The Union seeks to represent only the basic and certain intermittent
employees and the Companies generally agree to the appropriateness-
2 The Field Attorney reported that in Case No. 23 -R-38 the Union submitted 115 appli--
cation for membership cards and that there are 200 employees in the unit alleged to be
appropriate in that case.
The Field Attorney also reported that in Case No. 23-R-50 the Union submitted 213'
application for membership cards and that there are 260 employees in the unit , alleged
appropriate in that case.
He further reported that in Case No. 23-R-49 the Union submitted 78 application for
membership cards and that there are 180 employees in the unit alleged to be appropriate
in that case.
3 The peak season is defined by the parties as the 14 -week period designated by each of
the Companies under the Fair Labor Standards Act during which overtime need not be
paid up to 56 hours per week.
404 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
of such bargaining units at their respective canneries .' The Com-
panies also agree with the Union with respect to certain specific
exclusions . There is disagreement , however, between the Union and
the Companies with respect to certain categories of employees, all of
whom the Companies would exclude from the proposed units for
various reasons , but all of whom the Union would include . In Case
No. 23-R-38, the dispute centers about : ( 1) Lunas,5 ( 2) table fore-
ladies, ( 3) watchmen , ( 4) the storeroom attendant , ( 5) assistant
chemists, and ( 6) the chief cook. In Case No. 23-R-50, the following
categories are in dispute :, ( 1) subforemen , ( 2) table foreladies, (3)
watchmen , ( 4) the general storekeeper , ( 5) the checker , car shipping
-depar-tment, ( 6) the clerk and label head, stock warehouse , ( 7) garage
employees, and ( 8) truck drivers on the plantation pay roll. In Case
No. 23-R-49, the disputed categories are: (1) foremen, ( 2) table
foreladies , ( 3) watchmen , and (4 ) the chemist. ,
Disputed categories and the appropriate unit -in Case No. 03-R-38
1. Lunas: Maui contends that Lunas should be excluded as super-
visory employees, while the Union maintains that they are merely
-gang leaders without authority effectively to recommend changes in
the status of employees. Three sets of job descriptions applicable to
Lunas, prepared at different times from 1940 to 1 week before the
hearing, were submitted in evidence, and they reveal conflicting state-
ments regarding the duties performed by the various Lunas. In
some descriptions, it appears that they require "ability to work from
detailed instructions," "make minor decisions requiring some judg-
ment," and have "some latitude in planning sequences of .function
where standard methods of procedure are established." In others it
appears that a Luna "corrects or reprimands any infraction of operat-
ing or safety rules by members of his crew ; if necessary, refers such
infraction of the rules to foremen for disciplinary action." The same
Luna would appear to have authority to recommend hiring in one
description and in another to have no such authority. Again, one
description says the duties of Lunas require sustained physical effort
and another says they require only slight physical effort.
The record discloses that Lunas perform duties analogous to those
of set-up men or gang leaders during the peak season and on inter-
The parties agree that the intermittent employees to be included in the units are those
who work regularly throughout the peak season and during three -fourths of the canning
days between peak seasons
e "Luna" is a Hawaiian word meaning overseer or foreman In this category are in-
cluded, more specifically , the following Lunas' crush and juice filler Luna , crushed loft
Luna, byproducts Luna, cook room Luna , can room Luna , can stacking Luna, tray boy
Luna, fibre case Luna , cooling room Luna , label room Luna, warehouse shipping clerk Luna,
clean-up Luna , cook room forelady Luna , tray off Luna , label line Luna, fruit receiving
Luna, and assistant can stacking Luna.
MAUI PINEAPPLE COMPANY, LIMITED ,405
mittent canning days during the-off season. At other times, they do
maintenance and repair work, the Company retaining them as expe-
rienced men needed during the peak season. Foremen attend, super-
visory meetings while Lunas do not. Moreover, foremen are paid
strictly on a salary basis while some Lunas are paid by the hour, and,
as to others, as the Company's plant superintendent testified, "instead
of saying that somebody gets $1. an hour, he gets $40. a week, and he
gets a little special vacation privilege." All Lunas are paid overtime
on an hourly basis. In view of the above facts and upon the entire
record, we are of the opinion that Lunas are not supervisory employ-
ees within the meaning of our customary definition, and we shall
include them in the unit.
2. Table foreladies: Maui urges the exclusion of table foreladies
as supervisory employees, and the Union would include them. The
evidence reveals that they exercise much greater authority than
Lunas. At the start of each peak season, they recruit seasonal em-
ployees by letter, visits to their homes, and interviews at the cannery.
They make daily reports for their crew workers, marking their rec-
ords for ability, speed, and attitude. They instruct and teach others
to become instructors. Unlike Lunas, table foreladies are given
written instructions on "How to be a Good Foreman," and receive
literature on "Foremanship." Under the circumstances, we are of
the opinion that table foreladies are supervisory employees, and we
shall, therefore, exclude them from the unit.
3. Watchmen: Maui contends that watchmen are part of manage-
ment. They perform the usual duties of watchmen, simply looking
after the safekeeping of the Company's property. They are not
uniformed, armed, deputized, or militarized. We shall include
watchmen.
4. Storeroom attendant: Maui would exclude the storeroom at-
tendant as a clerical employee, but the Union contends that he is, in
fact, a maintenance and repair employee. He works in the tool and
materials storeroom where he dispenses materials and machine parts
for use in ordinary cannery operations as well as maintenance work.
He is listed as an employee in the maintenance and repair department
and is supervised by the master mechanic who, in turn, works under the
chief engineer. While he does keep storeroom records, his duties are
primarily related to maintenance operations, and we shall, therefore,
'include him in the unit.
5. Assistant chemists: Maui claims that these are professional em-
ployees and should, therefore be excluded. The assistant chemists
are university graduates, in chemistry and they are engaged in research
work in the chemical laboratory.' They work under the chief chemist.
We are of the opinion that they are professional employees and shall
exclude them from the unit.
406 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL- LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
6. The chief cook: Maui urges that he be excluded as a super--
visory employee. The record discloses that he has charge of the
-cafeteria and supervises from 2 to 12 employees, depending upon the
season. There is uncontradicted testimony that he has the power to
hire employees for the cafeteria. We shall exclude him from the unit.
We find that all Maui's basic employees and intermittent employees
working regularly throughout the peak season and during three-
fourths of the canning days between peak seasons, who are engaged at
its Kahului, Territory of Hawaii, cannery, including Lunas, watch-
men, and the storeroom attendant, but excluding table foreladies,
assistant chemists, the chief cook, all employees listed in Schedule
A attached hereto, and all other supervisory employees with authority
to hire, promote, discharge, discipline, or otherwise effect changes in
the status of employees, or effectively recommend such action, consti-
tute a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining
within the meaning of Section 9 (b) of the Act.
Disputed categories and the appropriate unit in Case No. 03-R-50
1. Sub f oremen: 6 Libby and the Union make the same contentions
regarding subforemen that Maui and the Union made regarding
Lunas. The parties stipulated that subforemen have and exercise the
same authority as the Lunas employed by Maui. In view of that
stipulation, we find that subforemen are not supervisory employees
within the meaning of our customary definition, and we shall,
therefore, include them in the unit.
2. Table foreladies: Libby and the Union make the same conten-
tions regarding table foreladies that Maui and the Union made re-
garding Maui's table foreladies. The parties also agreed that these
table foreladies have and exercise the salve authority as table fore-
ladies employed by Maui. In view of that stipulation, we find that
table foreladies are supervisory employees, and we shall, therefore,
exclude them from the unit.
3. Watchmen: 7 The parties agreed that these employees have the
same duties, authority, and responsibilities as the watchmen em-
ployed by Maui. Libby urges their exclusion, and the Union would.
include them. Having found that Maui's watchmen are not part of
management, we shall include the watchmen employed by Libby.
4. General storekeeper: The parties stipulated that if witnesses
were called they would testify that the duties of this employee are
roughly the same as those of the storeroom attendant employed by
Maui. For the reasons stated regarding the inclusion of the store-
More specifically , the receiving , canning, and label machine subforemen.
' Included in this category is a wharf watchman.
MAUI PINEAPPLE COMPANY, LIMITED 407
room attendant employed by Maui , we shall include the general
storekeeper in the unit found appropriate in this case.
5. Checker, car shipping department : Libby urges the exclusion of
the checker as a clerical employee, and the Union contends that he is
a production worker. He counts out goods for shipping , directs case
truckers to various freight cars, checks incoming and outgoing freight,
and makes records of shipments generally . While his duties include
a certain amount of clerical work, he is generally subject to indoor
cannery conditions . We are of the opinion that the checker works
more closely with production than with clerical employees, and we
shall, therefore , include him in the unit.
6. Clerk and label head , stock warehouse : Libby urges her exclusion
as a clerical employee , and the Union contends that her duties are
related to production . Her work consists of checking receiving and
shipping reports, making inventory records of labels on hand, and
performing other clerical duties related to the warehouse office. It
was stipulated by the parties that, if called, the Libby superintendent
would testify that this clerk devotes 80 percent of her time to doing'
purely clerical work. We are of the opinion that this clerk is
essentially a clerical employee and we shall exclude her.,
7. Garage employees : Libby maintains a garage near its cannery
in which are employed : ( 1) mechanics , who repair and maintain
agricultural machinery and trucks ; ( 2) helpers , who service equip-
ment, repair tires, and clean the garage; and (3) blacksmiths, who
repair plantation trucks and tractors . These employees use a metal
saw, an electric hack saw, a forge, and air lubricator , and gas welding
equipment . When necessary , cannery trucks are also serviced and
repaired by these employees . Libby contends that since these em-
ployees work on tractors and trucks that are - used in agricultural
pursuits , they are agricultural laborers . _ The Union maintains that
they are mechanical craftsmen and therefore subject to the jurisdic-
tion of the Board. It is clear that the essential character of the work
performed by tractor mechanics and blacksmiths , and their helpers,
is not agricultural in character . For this • reason, we shall include
the garage employees.
8. Truck drivers on the plantation pay roll : Libby contends that
these drivers are agricultural workers and , therefore , not subject to
the jurisdiction of the Board . The Union urges that they be in-
cluded in the unit. Four of the drivers devote almost all of their
time to spraying the fields . The plantation superintendent testified
that the remaining 10 are assigned various duties , depending upon
seasonal requirements. Among these duties are hoeing, picking, and
spraying on the plantation fields; and trucking and operations inci-
408 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
dental thereto s While engaged in hoeing, picking, and spraying,
truck drivers are clearly agricultural workers, within the meaning
of Section 2 (3) of the Act. However, while engaged in trucking
and operations incidental thereto, functions which are essentially of
a non-agricultural nature, they are "employees" within the meaning
of the Act and are therefore entitled to its benefits. Accordingly, we
shall include within the appropriate unit all those truck drivers who
divide their time between agricultural and non-agricultural employ-
ment, and the Union, if successful, is authorized to bargain for such
employees with respect to that part of their activities which is not
agricultural in character."
We find that all Libby's basic employees and intermittent employees
working regularly throughout the peak season and during three-
fourths of the canning days between peak seasons, who are engaged
at its Haiku, Territory of Hawaii, cannery, including subforemen,
watchmen, the general storekeeper, the checker in the car shipping
department, garage employees, truck drivers on the cannery pay roll,
and truck drivers who divide their time between agricultural and
non-agricultural employment, but excluding table foreladies, the clerk
and label head in the stock warehouse, all employees listed in Sched-
ule B attached hereto, and all other' supervisory employees with
authority to hire, promote, discharge, discipline, or otherwise effect
changes in the status of employees, or effectively recommend such
action, constitute a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective
bargaining within the meaning of Section 9 (b) of the Act.
Disputed categories and the appropriate unit in Case No. 03-R-49
1. Foremen: 10 Baldwin urges the exclusion of these foremen as
supervisory employees, and the Union would include them. The par-
ties stipulated that they have and exercise the same authority as the
disputed Lunas employed by Maui. Accordingly, for the reasons
stated concerning the inclusion of Lunas employed by Maui, we shall
include these foremen.
2. Table foreladies: Baldwin contends that table foreladies should
be excluded as supervisory employees, and the Union would include
them. The parties also stipulated that table foreladies have and
exercise the same authority as the table foreladies employed by Maui.
Accordingly, we shall exclude Baldwin's table foreladies. -
9 These 10 drivers , in addition to other trucking and incidental operations ,,devote about
50 percent of their total time loading on trucks boxed pineapples that have already been
carried to the edges of the fields and trucking the load to the cannery platform.
See Matter of Newday Seeds, Inc , 55 N. L. R. B. 1049.
10More specifically , the syrup , empty cans , crush, can tester, clean -up, cooling room,, and
assistant warehouse foremen.
MAUI PINEAPPLE COMPANY, LIMITED 409
3. Watchmen,: The parties stipulated that watchmen have the samo
duties, authority, and responsibilities as the watchmen employed by
Maui. Accordingly, we shall include Baldwin's watchmen.
4. The chemist: This is one of the assistant chemists presently em-
ployed by Maui on a temporary assignment. The parties stipulated
that while employed by Baldwin he performs the same duties presently
carried out for Maui. Accordingly, we shall exclude the chemist.
We find that all Baldwin's basic employees and intermittent em-
ployees working regularly throughout the peak season and during
three-fourths of the canning days between peak seasons, who are
engaged at its Lahaina, Territory of Hawaii, cannery, including the
syrup, empty can, crush, can tester, clean-up, cooling room, and assist-
ant warehouse foremen, and watchmen, but excluding table foreladies,
the chemist, all employees listed in Schedule C attached hereto, and
all other supervisory employees with authority to hire, promote,
discharge, discipline, or otherwise effect changes in the status of em-
ployees, or effectively recommend such action, constitute a unit
appropriate for the purpose of collective bargaining within the
meaning of Section 9 (b) of the Act.
V. THE DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVES
We shall direct that the questions concerning representation which
have arisen be resolved by separate elections by secret ballot among
the employees in the appropriate units who were employed during the
pay-roll period immediately preceding the date of the Direction of
Elections herein, subject to the limitations and additions set forth in
the Direction.
As indicated in Section IV, above, some of Libby's employees
divide their time between agricultural and non-agricultural pursuits.
While, 'as previously indicated, all such employees may be represented
by the Union, if*Successful, in respect to that part*of their employment
which is not agricultural, only those who spend 50 percent or more of
their time in such non-agricultural employment have a sufficiently
substantial interest in the terms and conditions of employment to
entitle them to vote in the election. - Accordingly, only those employees
who during the past year or so much thereof as they have been in
Libby's employ, have spent at least 50 percent of their time at non-
agricultural employment within the unit found appropriate in Case
No. 23-R-50, shall be eligible to vote in the election to select a bargain-
ing representative for that unit.
The'record in the Maui case discloses that for a number of months
Tsugio Yamaguchi, canning room Luna, and Isauri Oyama, tray boy
Luna, have been acting foremen; exercising undisputed supervisory
410 ' DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
authority. If at the time of the election they are still engaged as
acting foremen, they shall be ineligible to vote; if they shall have
reverted to Lunas, they shall be eligible to vote n
DIRECTION OF ELECTIONS
By virtue of and pursuant to the power vested in the National
Labor Relations Board by Section 9 (c) of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act, and pursuant to Article III, Section 9 of National Labor
Relations Board Rules and Regulations-Series 3, as amended, it is
hereby
DIRECTED that , as part of the investigation to ascertain representa-
tives for the purposes of collective bargaining with Maui Pineapple
Company, Limited, Kahului, Libby, McNeill & Libby, Haiku,-and
Baldwin Packers, Limited, Lahaina, all of the Territory of Hawaiij
separate elections by secret ballot shall be conducted as early as pos-
sible, but not later than sixty (60) days from the date of this Direc-
tion , under the direction and supervision of the Regional Director for
the Twenty-third Region, acting in this matter as agent for the Na-
tional .Labor Relations Board, and subject to Article III, Sections 10
and 11, of said Rules and Regulations , among the employees of each
of the Companies in the units found appropriate in Section IV, above,
who were employed during the pay-roll period immediately preceding
the date of this Direction , including employees who did not work
during that period because they were ill or on vacation , or temporarily
laid off, and including employees in the armed forces of the United
States who present themselves in person at the polls , but excluding
any who have since quit or been discharged for cause and have not
been rehired or reinstated prior to the date of the elections , to deter-
mine whether or not they desire to be represented by Processing, Ware-
house and Distribution Workers Union, Local 144 . (ILWU-CIO),
for the purposes of collective bargaining.
SCHEDULE A
1. Manager
2. Assistant manager
3. Superintendent
4. Chief engineer
5. Chief chemist
6. Warehouse foreman
7. Assistant warehouse foreman
8. Head forelady
9. Assistant head foreladies
10. Cook room foreman
11. Platform foreman
12. Byproducts foreman
13. Preparation foreman .
14. Chief clerk
" The Union 's request to appear on the ballot in each of the elections as Processing,
Warehouse and Distribution Workers Union , Local 144 (ILWU-CIO), is hereby granted.
MAUI PINEAPPLE COMPANY, LIMITED
15. Chief electrician
16. Master mechanic
17. Assistant master mechanic
18. Head bookkeeper
19. Shipping clerk
20. Statistical clerk
21. Employment clerk
22. Office clerks
23. Assistant shipping and utility
clerk
24. Credit union and registration
clerk
411
25. Preparation and canning de-
partment clerk
26. Warehouse label clerk
27. Warehouse stenographic clerk,
28. Junior stenographer
29. Warehouse statistical clerk
30. Draftsman
31. Junior draftsman
32. Superintendent's secretary
33. Nurse
34. Warehouse chief clerk
SCHEDULE B
1. Superintendent
2. Maintenance department fore-
man
3. Receiving department fore-
man
4. Canning and preparation de-
partment foreman
5. Cooking and cooling room
foreman
6. Empty can department' fore-
man
7. Warehouse foreman
8. Wharf foreman
9. Juice and syrup assistant fore-
man
10. Head forelady
11. Warehouse clerks
12. Chief clerk
13. Stenographer clerk
14. Office clerk
15. Posting clerk
16. Office cannery clerk
17. Cost control checkers
1-8. Shipping clerks
19. Nurse
SCHEDULE C
1. Superintendent
2. Chief engineer
3. Master mechanic and drafts-
man
4. Warehouse foreman
5. Cook room foreman
6. Platform foreman
7. Juice foreman
8. Preparation foreman
9. Head foreladies
10. Nurse
11. Office manager
12. Cashier
13. Head timekeeper
14. Assistant timekeeper
15. Chief clerk
16. Assistant chief clerk
17. Stenographers
18. Purchasing agent
19. Shipping and label clerk
20. Personnel man