Lane Trenching, Inc.Download PDFNational Labor Relations Board - Board DecisionsFeb 22, 1980247 N.L.R.B. 1341 (N.L.R.B. 1980) Copy Citation Lane Trenching, Inc. and Anthony Ingallinera. Case 36-CA-3345 February 22, 1980 DECISION AND ORDER BY CHAIRMAN FANNING AND MEMBERS JENKINS AND TRUESDALE On October 25, 1979, Administrative Law Judge Bernard J. Seff issued the attached Decision in this proceeding. Thereafter, Respondent and the General Counsel filed exceptions and supporting briefs, and Respondent filed an answering brief to the General Counsel's exceptions. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Relations Board has delegated its authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel. The Board has considered the record and the attached Decision in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to affirm the rulings, findings,' and conclusions' of the Administrative Law Judge and to adopt his recommended Order, as modified below. AMENDED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW Substitute the following for the Administrative Law Judge's Conclusion of Law 3: "3. By threatening to discharge Anthony Ingallin- era in June 1978 if he continued to make overtime claims pursuant to the collective-bargaining agree- ment, and by asking him, on July 27, 1978, if he had been to the Union again, Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act." ORDER Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Relations Board adopts as its Order the recommended Order of the Administrative Law Judge, as modified below, and hereby orders that the Respondent, Lane Trenching, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall take the action set forth in the said recommended Order, as so modified: I. Substitute the following for paragraph l(a): "(a) Interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of their rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, in violation of Section 8(a)(l) of the Act by threatening to discharge an employee if he continues to make overtime claims pursuant to the collective-bargaining agreement, and by asking an employee if he has been to the Union again." 247 NLRB No. 183 LANE TRENCHING, INC. 2. In paragraphs 2(c) and (d) substitute "Regional Director for Region 19" for "Regional Director for Region 36." 3. Substitute the attached notice for that of the Administrative Law Judge. The Respondent has excepted to certain credibility findings made by the Administrative Law Judge. It is the Board's established policy not to overrule an administrative law judge's resolutions with respect to credibility unless the clear preponderance of all of the relevant evidence convinces us that the resolutions are incorrect. Standard Dry Wall Producs. Inc.. 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362 (3d Cir. 1951). We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing his findings. 'The Administrative Law Judge found that President Stevens' June 1978 threat to discharge the Charging Party if he continued to file overtime claims pursuant to the contract, an issue which was fully litigated, was a violation of Sec. 8(aXl). However, he inadvertently omitted this violation from his Conclusions of Law and appropriate provisions therefor from his recommend- ed Order and notice. We adopt this finding, and we shall amend the Administrative Law Judge's Conclusions of Law, recommended Order, and notice accordingly. APPENDIX NOTICE To EMPLOYEES POSTED BY ORDER OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD An Agency of the United States Government After a hearing at which all sides had the opportunity to present their evidence, the National Labor Rela- tions Board has found that we violated the National Labor Relations Act and has ordered us to post this notice. We intend to carry out the Order of the Board. WE WILL NOT interfere with, restrain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of their rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, in violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act, by asking our employees if they have been to the Union again, or by threatening to discharge them if they make overtime claims according to the provisions of the contract. WE WILL NOT discharge our employees be- cause of their protected union activity, in viola- tion of Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act. WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, restrain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities for the purposes of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection as guaranteed by Section 7 of the Act, or to refrain from any or all such activities. WE WILL offer Anthony Ingallinera immediate and full reinstatement to his former job or, if that job no longer exists, to a substantially equivalent position, without prejudice to his seniority or other rights and privileges previously enjoyed, 1341 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD and WE WILL make him whole for his loss of earnings with interest thereon. LANE TRENCHING, INC. DECISION STATEMENT OF THE CASE BERNARD J. SEFF, Administrative Law Judge: This case came on for hearing before me in Eugene, Oregon, on April 19, 1979. The complaint was issued by the Regional Director of Region 19 on December 15, 1978,' based on a charge filed by the Charging Party on September 29. The complaint, dated December 15, 1978, alleges that Lane Trenching, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as either Respondent or Company) by its superintendent, Terry Stamos, interrogated the Charg- ing Party, Anthony Ingallinera, in violation of Section 8(a)(1); and that thereafter Respondent discharged Ingallin- era because he filed and pursued a grievance involving his claim for overtime pay, thus violating Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act. The Company denied the commission of any unfair labor practices. All parties were given full opportunity to participate, to introduce relevant evidence, to examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to argue orally. Briefs submitted by the parties have been duly considered. Upon the entire record, and my observation of the demeanor of the witnesses, I make the following: FINDINGS OF FACT I. JURISDICTION Respondent is an Oregon corporation, with offices and place of business at Eugene, Oregon. It is engaged in the business of constructing trenches in which wire or cable to homes is laid that hook up along the highway. Its principal work is for the telephone company. During the past 12 months Respondent sold goods and performed services valued in excess of $50,000 for customers located within the State of Oregon, who in turn received goods valued in excess of $50,000 from suppliers located outside the State of Oregon. Respondent admits and I find that the Company is engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED The Union, Laborers Local No. 85, is a labor organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act. 11. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES A. Background It is not disputed that Respondent's supervisory hierarchy consists of Larry Stevens, president and assistant general manager; Ernie Roman, general manager; Terry Stamos, superintendent; and Dave Sanders, foreman (no longer employed). In March 1978, Respondent recognized the Union, and Anthony Ingallinera, having been told by Stevens to join the Union, did so in March. He attended four union meetings, the first of which took place in April. This meeting occurred at the union hall, and Stevens, Stamos, and Sanders were also present. The Union's business manager, Herbert Herz- berg, solicited questions from the members, and Ingallinera asked a number of questions which encompassed whether employees were to be paid for gassing up trucks, picking up company materials, filling out daily reports, and making reports to the telephone company. Respondent and the Union became parties to the master agreement which covers the period from April 1, 1975, to May 31, 1980. This industrywide contract provides, inter alia, 2 in article XI-reporting pay-minimum pay (p. 26), that when qualified workmen report for work as directed and no work is provided they shall be paid 4 hours at straight time; regular employees who work less than 4 hours shall be paid for 4 hours and if worked they shall be paid 4 hours at straight time; regular employees who worked less than 4 hours shall be paid for 4 hours and if worked shall be paid a minimum of 6 hours; if required to work more than 6 hours they shall be paid for 8 hours. I. The events leading up to the alleged interrogation Ingallinera tried to enforce the contract as he understood it. In May he asked for overtime for working after hours in order to secure homeowners' permission to install cable on their property. His foreman, Sanders, denied this request and said the Company would not pay for this work. Later in June he asked for 8 hours' pay even though he had only worked 7 hours. President Stevens told him Respondent paid only for hours actually worked. Ingallinera explained about the contract, but was denied overtime pay, and it was not rebutted, that, according to his testimony, Stevens "told me that if he had any more trouble like this, he would have to let me go." This matter came to a head when on July 25 Ingallinera made a written request for show-up time along with his daily report. He felt he was entitled to this pay under the contract, as he had been unable to work because his truck was out of service because of faulty brakes. On Thursday, July 27, Stamos questioned Ingallinera about his request for "show- up time." He explained what happened to his truck and I credit his testimony that he told Stamos he should be paid for this time as required by the union contract. He was challenged by Stamos to prove what he said but he did not have a copy of the contract with him. Stamos denied the claim and Ingallinera attempted to explain the provisions of the contract as they related to overtime. Respondent in its brief argues that the interrogation alleged in paragraph 5 of the complaint concerned "the somewhat heated conversation between the employee and Terry Stamos on July 21." However, the record shows that this was not the basis of the interrogation. The questioning ' All dates are 1978, unless otherwise stated. 1342 : G.C. Exh. 3. LANE TRENCHING, INC. concerned a dispute about overtime as provided in the collective-bargaining contract. Ingallinera was discussing the union contract. He told Stamos that "it stated in the said contract that the Company must pay the show-up time." It is well settled that an employee has a statutorily protected right to seek to enforce the terms of the contract. The allegation in paragraph 5 of the complaint specifically relates to the question then put to Ingallinera by Stamos: "He questioned me on talking to Mr. Herzberg my Union representative." Stamos then said, "You've been going to the union again, haven't you?" I find that this last question constituted a violation of Section 8(a)(1), taken in the context of an earlier warning from Stevens that if Ingallinera again raised questions concerning the contractual provision about over- time he, Stevens, "would have to let me go." That is the unlawful interrogation. It is to be noted that in June Stevens said he would have to let Ingallinera go if he continued to make overtime claims. This statement, which I am persuaded was made by Stevens, constitutes a direct threat of discharge for going to the Union to grieve Respondent's refusal to pay overtime according to Ingallinera's understanding of the contract's provisions regarding overtime, and is violated of Section 8(a)(1). I so find. The law is clear on this point: Motor City Electric Company. 204 NLRB 460, 463, where Foreman Charlton's implied threat that if an employee pressed his overtime (1973) grievance he might be discharged was violative of 8(a)(1 ). General Motors Corp., 239 NLRB 34, 36 (1978), "The complaint alleges that in May Supervisor Kirk threatened Andrews with discharge if he continued to advise fellow employees concerning their right to file a grievance against the Respondent.... Thus, the Respondent violated Sec- tion 8(aX1) of the Act." The filing of grievances was protected union and concerted activity. Violation of this right is violative of 8(aX)(1) and (3). Hyster Co., 195 NLRB 84 (1972), enfd. 83 LRRM 2091,71 LC ¶13615 (7th Cir. 1973). Conditioning of an employee's employment status on wheth- er he continued to file repetitive grievances is violative of the Act. See also Ad Art, Inc., 238 NLRB 1124 (1978); Texaco, Inc., 233 NLRB 375 (1977); Precision Castings Co., 233 NLRB 183 (1977). The Board has frequently held, with judicial concurrence in some cases, that protests or demands whereby some employers' compliance with a collective- bargaining contract is obtained provision will be deemed concerted activity statutorily protected, though pursued by a single worker, personally, whenever that worker's efforts have been demonstrably directed towards goals which his fellow workers would presumably share. See N.LR.B. v. Selwyn Shoe Mfg. Corporation, 428 F.2d 217-221 (8th Cir. 1970); N.LR.B. v. Interborough Contractors, Inc., 388 F.2d 495, enfg. 157 NLRB 1295 (1966); H. C Smith Construction Ca, 174 NLRB 1173, 1174 (1969); Bunney Bro. Construc- tion Company, 139 NLRB 1516 1519 (1962). See W. Carter Maxwell d/b/a Pioneer Concrete Co, 241 NLRB 264 (1979). In this case, which is strikingly similar to the case at bar, employee Cantrell was fired because he demanded overtime pay when he put in some overtime work. The union contract, signed by Maxwell, is enforceable in the event of breach. Cantrell's discharge at least partially because he sought benefits due him under the contracts, was a violation of the Act. 2. The discharge of Anthony Ingallinera The incident which occured on July 27 between Stamos and Ingallinera resulted in a vigorous confrontation between the two men. It appears clear that in the course of this discussion the language of the parties became heated and one of the witnesses testified that considerable screaming took place. Ingallinera left Stamos' office to cool off, and the last thing that Stamos said to him was that if he needed me he would call me." At that point Ingallinera left. Despite the comment indicated above, Ingallinera report- ed for work at the usual time on July 28. As he was walking towards the shop he was approached by General Manager Ernie Roman, who immediately asked what he was doing there. Ingallinera said he was reporting to work. Roman asked if Stamos had called him, and Ingallinera admitted he had not received a call. At that point, Roman dismissed him, stating, "Then we dont't need you. Get out of here." Shortly thereafter Ingallinera saw Buel White, Respon- dent's mechanic, at the door of the garage. White told him that Ingallinera's truck was down, and he would not be able to drive it. White told Ingallinera that when he arrived at work on the morning of July 28, Roman and Stevens and Stamos were discussing Tony (Ingallinera) and it was obvious they were mad. Roman asked White if anything was wrong with the truck. White informed them that the truck was ready to be used, at which point Roman ordered him "to go up and find something wrong with the truck so that it wouldn't go." In further corroboration of the fact that this statement was made, White saw Ingallinera after work that evening and apologized to him for the false story that morning. He explained that Respondent ordered him to find something wrong with the truck. On Saturday, July 29, Ingallinera met Stevens in a local coffee shop. Stevens said that Stamos wanted to talk to him, and he told Stevens he would get in touch with Stamos. Ingallinera called Stamos, who said he wanted to talk to him at his (Stamos') home. Ingallinera testified that although he refused to go to Stamos' home on nonworktime, he did offer to meet with him at his own house or at a restaurant. Ingallinera further testified that because he'd been ordered off the premised on July 28 by Roman, he waited at home for a telephone call from Respondent on Monday, July 31. When he had not received any communication from the Company by 10:30 in the morning, he went to the union hall and talked to Herzberg. Later in the week, on or about August I, Ingallinera received a termination slip in the mail. It was signed by General Foreman Terry Stamos and stated that he was fired on July 28 forinsubordination and incompetence. This termination, identified in the record asgeneral counsel Exhibit 2, recited that the termination date of Ingallinera was 7-28-78. It is to be noted that the first reason for discharge that appears on this exhibit is absentee- ism. This item was not checked on the Ingallinera termina- tion report. Ingallinera took the discharge slip to the union office and asked Herzberg, "How can the Company fire me for insubordination for standing up for my rights as a union 1343 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD member . . and how could they fire me for incompetency when I worked for the Company for a period of time." Herzberg told Ingallinera that the Union would file a grievance on his behalf.' Stevens had told Ingallinera when they had coffee together on Saturday that if he would apologize to Stamos he could return to his job. Ingallinera did not apologize. The General Counsel's brief recites that "Respondent's animus and distaste for following the Union contract and grievances filed pursuant thereto was revealed even after Ingallinera's discharge. In February or March 1979, employ- ees were upset because they had not been paid for a company meeting they had been required to attend. They mentioned this to President Stevens and asked him what would happen if they complained to the Union about this. According to the credible testimony of Steven Hess, who was employed by Respondent at the time of the hearing, Stevens told them, "The chances of losing your job, you know, if you went to the Union, the chances are, you would not have a job the next day." Discussion It is important, in evaluating the validity of Ingallinera's discharge which took place on July 28, to determine if Ingallinera was fired for attempting to assert his rights under the collective-bargaining contract as they related to over- time. The Company gave a number of reasons for the discharge. The termination report stated that he was fired for incompetence and insubordination. The insubordination related to the argument that Ingallinera had with Stamos. .The charge of incompetence was dropped by the Company, leaving only the question of the shouting match between Stamos and Ingallinera as a basis for the discharge. Ingallinera came to work on July 28, after admittedly not having been called, and this was a violation of accepted practice. It appears that his having come in under the circumstances constituted a stretching of company policy. The trouble with this argument is that regular employees, and Ingrallinera was a regular, are not usually treated this way. The record shows that Roman, one of the owners of Respondent, testified that "if a piece of equipment is not working, we call the man unless we're shorthanded. Nine out of 10 times the men go to work. If we know a man's machine is down and we need the man, or it's a possibility we can work him, we let him come in and we don't call him because we can work him in another area. We would rather use our own men than strangers." 3. The incident involving Buel White White was employed in July 1978 as a mechanic charged with the responsibility of repairing Respondent's trucks, trenching equipment, and other vehicles and keeping them in workable condition. Ingallinera reported to White on Friday, July 21, that the brakes on his pickup truck were not ' A grievance was filed by the Union, but apparently the discharge itself was not pan of the actual grievance which was considered by the grievance board. This Board consisted of two union representatives and two employer representatives, including Ingallinera's general foreman, Stamos, and his working properly. White told Ingallinera that he would repair the brakes on Saturday morning, July 22 When White examined the brakes, he found that the brake drums had been scored and they would have to be turned on a lathe. There were no lathes available on Saturday morning. White reported this to Stevens and told him the job could not be performed until Monday. Ingallinera came to work on Monday. He was told that the brakes would be repaired by noon. Ingallinera came back about noon to ask if his truck was ready. On Friday morning White reported to Roman and Stevens, who were in the office. White testified they were talking about Tony and they were mad. Roman asked White if there was anything wrong with the truck. He replied, "No, that as far as I was concerned, the truck was ready to go-it could be used." Roman said, "They did not want him to go out for the day so Roman told me to go up and find something wrong with the truck so that it could not go." White pulled the truck from the stall and disconnected the machine. Ingallinera came in about 8 or 8:30 in the morning, at which time White told him the truck was broken down and needed some work. Tony said he did not believe it but there was nothing he could do at that time. At the end of the day I saw Tony parked in a parking lot and I told him "I was sorry about the thing that happened that morning . . . I told him that the truck was pulled down because I was told to. And I didn't like it because I felt a little guilty ... I told him what was going on." When questioned on direct-examination about the inci- dent regarding the truck Stevens said he could not recall the conversation. Roman also denied he gave White such instructions. Note that Ingallinera testified about Respondent's instruc- tions to find something wrong with the truck. His testimony was corroborated by White. I credit the version of Ingallin- era as corroborated by White and I discredit Stevens' and Roman's denial. It is neither logical nor reasonable that Ingallinera and White concocted a false story out of whole cloth. In the context of the events as recounted by the employees, it is clear that Respondent's version was devised as a frameup to lay the groundwork for discharging Ingallinera. Thus I find that Respondent contrived a pretext. The real reason for firing Ingallinera was that he was attempting to assert his contractual rights and as such was engaging in activity protected by the Act. Thus, I find Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3). It should be also noted that so far as the record shows, Ingallinera's work was satisfactory; he was not disciplined or warned at any time during his employment. In fact, Stevens testified that Ingallinera was a good man. IV. THE EFFECT OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES UPON COMMERCE Respondent's activities set forth in section III above, occurring in connection with the operations of Respondent described in section i above, have a close, intimate, and substantial relationship to trade, traffic, and commerce among foreman, Dave Sanders (Res exh I). Because the Union failed to grieve the discharge itself, this case is not appropriate for deferral Dubo Manufacturing Corporation. 142 NLRB 812(1963), and General American Transportation, 228 NLRB 808 (1977). 1344 LANE TRENCHING. INC. the several States and tend to lead to labor disputes burdening and obstructing commerce and the free flow of commerce. V. THE REMEDY Having found that Respondent has engaged in unfair labor practices in violation of Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act, I shall recommend that it be ordered to cease and desist therefrom, and take certain affirmative actions designed to effectuate the policies of the Act. It has been found that Respondent unlawfully discharged Ingallinera. I will, therefore, recommend that Respondent offer Ingallinera his former job or, if that job no longer exists, a substantially equivalent job, without prejudice to his seniority and other rights and privileges, and make him whole for any loss of earnings suffered by reason of the discrimination against him, by payment to him of a sum of money equal to that which he normally would have earned, absent the discrimination, less net earnings during such period, with interest thereon to be computed in the manner prescribed in F W. Woolworth Company, 90 NLRB 289 (1950), and Florida Steel Corporation. 231 NLRB 651 (1977).' It will be further recommended that Respondent preserve and make available to the Board, upon request, all payroll records, social security payment records, timecards, personnel records and reports, and all other records neces- sary and useful to determine the amounts of backpay due and all the rights of reinstatement under the terms of these recommendations. Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and upon the entire record, I hereby make the following: CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 1. Lane Trenching, Inc., is, and at all times material herein has been, an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. 2. Laborers Local No. 85 is, and has been at all times material herein, a labor organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act. 3. By asking an employee if he had been to the Union again, Respondent violated Section 8(a)( ) of the Act. 4. By discharging Anthony Ingallinera on July 28, 1978, because of Ingallinera's protected activities, Respondent violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act. 5. The aforesaid unfair labor practices affect commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. 'See, generally. Isis Plumbing & Heating Co., 139 NLRB 716 (1962). ' In the event no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Rules and Regulations of the National Labor Relations Board. the findings. conclusions, and recommended Order herein shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules and Regulations, be adopted by the Board and become its findings, conclusions, and Order, and all objections thereto shall be deemed waived for all purposes. Upon the foregoing findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the entire record, and pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act, I hereby issue the following recommended: ORDER' The Respondent, Lane Trenching, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, its officers, agents, successors and assigns shall: 1. Cease and desist from: (a) Interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed to them in Section 7 of the Act, in violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act, by asking an employee if he has been to the Union again. (b) Discharging an employee because of his protected union activity in violation of Section 8(a)(3) and (I) of the Act. (c) In any like or related manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representa- tives of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities for the purposes of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection as guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, or to refrain from any or all such activities. 2. Take the following affirmative action which is necessary to effectuate the purposes of the Act: (a) Offer Anthony Ingallinera immediate and full rein- statement to his former job or, if that job no longer exists, to a substantially equivalent position, without prejudice to his seniority or other rights and privileges, and make him whole for his loss of earnings in the manner set forth in the section of this Decision entitled "The Remedy." (b) Preserve and, upon request, make available to the Board or its agents all payroll and other records, as set forth in "The Remedy" section of this Decision. (c) Post at its Eugene, Oregon, operation copies of the attached notice marked "Appendix."' Copies of the attached notice, on forms provided by the Regional Director for Region 36, after being duly signed by an authorized representative of the Respondent, shall be posted by the Respondent immediately upon receipt thereof, and be maintained for 60 consecutive days thereafter, in conspicu- ous places, including all places where notices to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by Respondent to insure that the notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material. (d) Notify the Regional Director for Region 36, in writing, within 20 days of the date of this Order, what steps Respondent has taken to comply herewith. ' In the event that this Order is enforced by a Judgment of a United States Court of Appeals. the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the National Labor Relations Board" shall read "Posted Pursuant to a Judgment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the National Labor Relations Board" 1345 Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation