Kodiak Electric Co.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Nov 13, 2001

336 N.L.R.B. 1038 (N.L.R.B. 2001)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1038
Kodiak Electric Company, Inc. and Kodiak Line
Company, Inc., Alter Egos/Single Employer
and/or Joint Employers and International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 24,
AFL–CIO. Case 5–CA–28319
November 13, 2001
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN HURTGEN AND MEMBERS
LIEBMAN
AND WALSH
On November 27, 2000, Administrative Law Judge
Irwin H. Socoloff issued the attached decision. The Re-
spondent filed exceptions and a supporting brief,1 and the
Acting General Counsel submitted both an answering
brief and a cross-exception in response.
The National Labor Relations Board has considered
the decision and the record in light of the exceptions and
briefs and has decided to affirm the judge’s rulings, find-
ings, and conclusions as modified below2 and to adopt
the recommended Order as modified.3
AMENDED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
Substitute the following for Conclusions of Law 4.
“4. At all times material here, the Union has been the
exclusive collective-bargaining representative of all em-
ployees in the unit described above for the purposes of
collective bargaining within the meaning of Section 8(f)
of the Act.”
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the rec-
ommended Order of the administrative law judge as
modified below and orders that the Respondent, Kodiak
Electric Company, Inc. and Kodiak Line Company, Inc.,
alter egos, Baltimore, Maryland, its officers, agents, suc-
cessors and assigns shall take the action set forth in the
Order as modified.
1. Substitute the following for paragraphs 2(c) and (d).

1 The Respondent has requested oral argument. The request is de-
nied as the record, exceptions, and briefs adequately present the issues
and the positions of the parties.
2 Although the judge stated in his conclusions of law that the Union
was a Sec. 9(a) bargaining representative of the unit employees, the
Acting General Counsel’s brief notes that the record shows that the
Respondent recognized the Union as the employees’ bargaining repre-
sentative, without regard to the Union’s majority status, pursuant to
Sec. 8(f) of the Act. We shall modify the conclusions of law to correct
the judge’s inadvertent error.
3 We shall modify the judge’s recommended Order in accordance
with our decisions in Indian Hills Care Center, 321 NLRB 144 (1996),
Excel Corp., 325 NLRB 17 (1997), and Ferguson Electric Co., 335
NLRB 142 (2001).
We shall also provide a new notice to include a statement of em-
ployee rights under Sec. 7 of the Act.
“(c) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, or such
additional time as the Regional Director may allow for
good cause shown, provide at a reasonable place to be
designated by the Board or its agents, all payroll records,
social security payment records, timecards, personnel
records and reports, and all other records, including an
electronic copy of such records if stored in electronic
form, necessary to analyze the amount of backpay due
under the terms of this Order.
“(d) Within 14 days after service by Region 5, post at
its various facilities copies of the attached notice marked
“Appendix.”14 Copies of the notice, on forms provided
by the Regional Director for Region 5, after being signed
by the Respondent’s authorized representative, shall be
posted by the Respondent and maintained for 60 con-
secutive days in conspicuous places including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted.
Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to
ensure that the notices are not altered, defaced, or cov-
ered by any other material. In the event that, during the
pendency of these proceedings, the Respondent has gone
out of business or closed the facility involved in these
proceedings, the Respondent shall duplicate and mail, at
its own expense, a copy of the notice to all current em-
ployees and former employees employed by the Respon-
dent at any time since February 1, 1998.”
2. Substitute the attached notice for that of the admin-
istrative law judge.

APPENDIX

NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated the National Labor Relations Act and has ordered us to
post and abide by this notice.

Section 7 of the Act gives employees these rights.

To organize
To form, join, or assist any union
To bargain collectively through representatives
of their own choice
To act together for other mutual aid and protec-
tion
To choose not to engage in any of these protected
concerted activities.

WE WILL NOT refuse to bargain collectively with In-
ternational Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 24,
AFL–CIO, by refusing to apply the terms of our collec-
tive-bargaining agreements, including wage rates and
fringe benefits fund contributions, to the employees; fail-
336 NLRB No. 103
KODIAK ELECTRIC CO. 1039
ing to honor the contractual referral procedures and, in-
stead, hiring employees directly and without notification
to the Union; repudiating our recognition of, and con-
tracts with, the Union; and by causing work obtained by
Kodiak Electric Company to be performed by Kodiak
Line Company.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner, interfere
with, restrain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of
the rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL honor and abide by the terms and conditions
of our contracts with the Union, including the exclusive
hiring hall provisions, and make whole our employees
represented by the Union, and those on the Union’s out-
of-work list, for any loss of pay and other benefits suf-
fered as a result of our refusal to apply the contracts, plus
interest.
WE WILL pay all contractually required fringe benefit
fund contributions not previously paid and make unit
employees, and those on the out-of-work list, whole for
any expenses resulting from the failure to make such
contributions, plus interest.
KODIAK ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC. AND
KODIAK LINE COMPANY, INC., ALTER
EGOS

Brenda Valentine Harris, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Robert B. Scarlett, Esq. and Andrew M. Croll, Esq., of Balti-
more, Maryland, for the Respondent.
Leonard T. Hackett, Esq. and John Singleton, Esq., of Balti-
more, Maryland, for the Charging Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
IRWIN H. SOCOLOFF, Administrative Law Judge. Upon
charges filed on April 22, and October 20, 1999, by Interna-
tional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 24, AFL–CIO,
herein referred to as the Union, against Kodiak Electric Com-
pany, Inc., and its alleged alter ego, Kodiak Line Company,
Inc., herein called the Respondent, the General Counsel of the
National Labor Relations Board, by the Regional Director for
Region 5, issued a Complaint dated October 28, 1999, alleging
violations by the Respondent of Section 8(a)(5) and (1) and
Section 2(6) and (7) of the National Labor Relations Act, as
amended, herein called the Act. The Respondent, by its An-
swer, denied the commission of any unfair labor practices.
Pursuant to notice, trial was held before me in Baltimore,
Maryland on January 27, February 15 and February 16, 2000, at
which all parties were represented by counsel and were af-
forded full opportunity to be heard, to examine and cross-
examine witnesses and to introduce evidence. Thereafter, the
General Counsel and the Respondent filed briefs, which have
been duly considered.
Upon the entire record in this case,1 and from my observa-
tions of the witnesses, I make the following.
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
Kodiak Electric Company, Inc., a Maryland Corporation
with an office and place of business in Baltimore, Maryland, is
engaged in the electrical contracting business in the construc-
tion industry. Kodiak Line Company, Inc., a Maryland corpo-
ration with an office and place of business in Baltimore, Mary-
land, was formed in 1998, for the primary purpose of engaging
in line electrical work. In 1999, both Kodiak Electric and Ko-
diak Line provided construction industry electrical contracting
services to Porter Construction Management, Inc., a commer-
cial general contractor. In that year, Porter, in turn, received at
its Maryland jobsites goods valued in excess of $50,000, from
locations outside the State of Maryland. Having concluded,
infra, that Kodiak Electric and Kodiak Line are, as alleged in
the Complaint, alter ego companies, I find that, together, they
constitute an employer engaged in commerce, and in operations
affecting commerce, within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6)
and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION
The Union is a labor organization within the meaning of Sec-
tion 2(5) of the Act.
III. THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background
Kodiak Electric Company was incorporated in 1991 and, as
noted, engaged in electrical contracting work in the construc-
tion industry. On August 27, 1997, it recognized the Union,
without regard to its majority status among the Kodiak employ-
ees, and it signed a letter of assent by which Kodiak Electric
agreed to be bound by the then current collective-bargaining
agreement, as well as subsequent agreements, between Local
24 and the Baltimore Division, Maryland Chapter, of the Na-
tional Electrical Contractors Association, Inc. The contract
then in force, which, as adopted, covered Kodiak Electric’s
inside journeymen-wiremen, technicians and apprentices, ran
from April 1, 1996 until March 31, 1999. Its successor agree-
ment is effective for the period April 4, 1999, until March 31,
2002. Kodiak Electric never signed or expressly adopted the
1999 to 2002 agreement. However, it is undisputed that that
Company did not provide timely written notice of intent to
terminate the 1996 to 1999 contract, the method of termination
specified in the 1996 to 1999 contract, and in the letter of as-
sent.2
Kodiak Line Company was incorporated on June 16, 1998,
for, as indicated, the express purpose of engaging in outside
line electrical work. Thereafter, by March 1999, Kodiak Elec-

1 The General Counsel’s unopposed motion to correct the transcript
of proceedings is hereby granted.
2 The contract provided that, after March 31, 1999, it “shall continue
in effect from year to year thereafter . . . unless changed or terminated.”
The letter of assent states that it “shall remain in effect until terminated
by the undersigned employer giving written notice . . . at least one
hundred fifty (150) days prior to the then current anniversary date of
the applicable approved labor agreement.”
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1040
tric ceased actively to operate and interior electrical work there-
tofore obtained and started by that Company was performed by
Kodiak Line.
In the instant case, the General Counsel contends that Kodiak
Line is the alter ego of Kodiak Electric, formed, at least in part,
to aid Kodiak Electric in evading its statutory obligations. The
General Counsel urges that these entities, as alter egos, a single
employer or as joint employers, violated Section 8(a)(5) of the
Act by failing to honor contractual referral hall procedures, repu-
diating its collective-bargaining agreement with the Union and by
diverting bargaining unit work from Kodiak Electric to Kodiak
Line. The Respondent argues that Kodiak Electric is not bound
by the terms of the 1999 to 2002 contract and that, in any event,
Kodiak Line was formed, for lawful reasons, to engage in a dif-
ferent type of work than that performed by Kodiak Electric, and
the two companies are not alter egos, a single employer or joint
employers.
B. Facts3
Timothy Demski, a master electrician certified by the State of
Maryland, and by several counties in Maryland, is the president,
secretary and sole stockholder of Kodiak Electric, a company he
formed to do interior electrical work, that is, electrical work,
whether inside or outside the structure of a building, that is lo-
cated within the customer’s property line. The scope of that Com-
pany’s work included new construction, maintenance and
renovation. Prior to August 27, 1997, when, as noted, Kodiak
Electric signed an agreement sanctioned by Section 8(f) of the
Act, its employees were not represented by a union. As Demski
was aware when he signed the letter of assent, the collective-
bargaining agreement required that signatory contractors seek
employees through referrals from the Union’s hiring hall.
Kodiak Line was incorporated by Nikki Demski, the wife of
Timothy Demski, and she is the president and sole owner of that
Company. Timothy Demski has served as vice-president of Ko-
diak Line and is its operations manager, overseeing its equipment
and employees and handling its day-to-day operations. It is un-
disputed that Nikki Demski does not have an electrician’s license
and is not knowledgeable about interior electric work, or line
work. Ownership of Kodiak Line was placed in her name solely
to secure the advantages available to a minority owned or female
owned business. While, as indicated, this Company, ostensibly,
was created to perform outside line electrical work and meter
work, primarily for Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, work
not within the coverage of the collective-bargaining agreement, it
also performs inside wiring work, albeit, most of its income is
derived from work performed for Baltimore Gas & Electric.
Kodiak Electric and Kodiak Line operate their businesses at a
shared facility, a warehouse type structure located in Baltimore.
As required by the post office, the two entities maintain separate
addresses at the same building, 1316 South Baylis Street for Ko-

3 The fact-findings contained herein are based upon a composite of
the documentary and testimonial evidence introduced at trial. Where
necessary to do so, in order to resolve significant testimonial conflict,
credibility resolutions have been set forth, infra. In general, I have
viewed with suspicion the testimony of Timothy Demski, the president
of Kodiak Electric and the operations manager of Kodiak Line, in light
of its internal inconsistencies and, at times, inherent implausibility.
diak Electric and 1314 South Baylis Street for Kodiak Line,
where they share entrances, offices and facilities without demar-
cation or separation. All of their occupied space at the building is
common space, and they share the same fax number. They also
share the services of the two office employees assigned there,
Laura Dold and Kimberly Smith. Dold, who was hired by Ko-
diak Line and has been paid by that Company, performs routine
office duties (answering the phone, filing, etc.) for both entities,
under the direction of Smith. Smith, designated the office man-
ager for Kodiak Electric and a secretary for Kodiak Line, has
performed similar functions for both entities, namely, answering
the phone, filing and maintaining books and records. Smith pre-
pares and signs checks for Kodiak Electric and she possesses and
exercises similar authority on behalf of Kodiak Line.
Demski testified that during the period September 1998
through March 1999, when both businesses actively operated,
Kodiak Electric employed some 30 employees in the field while
Kodiak Line had approximately 12, including individuals who
worked for both entities. There is substantial record evidence
that, in this period, Kodiak Line employees were assigned to
work at Kodiak Electric worksites.
It is undisputed that Timothy Demski, as president of Kodiak
Electric, was solely responsible for formulating its labor policies
and for its hiring decisions. As an officer of Kodiak Line, and its
operations manager, he oversees the hiring of field employees
and has final say over hiring and firing decisions. The pleadings
establish that one Dave Sauerwein, formerly a foreman, with
supervisory responsibilities, for Kodiak Electric, is now a fore-
man and statutory supervisor for Kodiak Line. In addition, Dem-
ski, in his testimony, identified three other jobsite foremen for
Kodiak Line, namely Ed Jagodzinski, Tim Johnson and Dave
Wiesnewski. Jagodzinski, an admitted statutory supervisor for
Kodiak Line, was similarly employed as a superintendent and
foreman at Kodiak Electric jobsites. Wiesnewski, employed as
an electrician by Kodiak Electric until August 1998, testified that
he now works for Kodiak Line, as a journeyman lineman. While
so employed, he has been assigned to Kodiak Electric jobsites as
“supplementary labor.”
The two companies have separate federal employer identifica-
tion numbers, file separate tax returns and sign separate leases for
their common facility. They maintain separate books and ac-
counts and take separate bank loans, have separately titled vehi-
cles and other assets and have separate insurance policies and
professional licenses. Regarding the latter, the licenses issued to
the two entities were to Timothy Demski, as master electrician.
At trial, Demski testified that Kodiak Electric has made loans to
Kodiak Line. He was unsure of the amounts so loaned, or if any
of the loans have been repaid. There is substantial and credible
evidence that, repeatedly, Kodiak Line has paid the bills and
obligations of Kodiak Electric for goods and services supplied to
Kodiak Electric.
Pursuant to the referral provisions of the collective-bargaining
agreement, the Union referred employees to Kodiak Electric,
upon request, through November 1998, when referral requests
ceased. Earlier, in February 1998, after Kodiak Electric became
delinquent in its contractually required payments to the Union’s
health and welfare funds, the attorney for the funds placed a
KODIAK ELECTRIC CO. 1041
claim against that Company’s bond.4 The Union, however, con-
tinued to honor Kodiak Electric’s referral requests. It did so
under its “market recovery program,” designed to reduce contrac-
tor labor costs by varying, from strict contractual requirements,
the mix of manpower, by classification, referred to particular
contractors.
As noted, Kodiak Electric ceased to seek referrals from the
Union after November 1998. In February 1999, the Union
learned that the Company had hired employees having no affilia-
tion with the Union or its hiring hall, including individuals who
had responded to “help wanted” advertisements placed in news-
papers, and those sent to Kodiak Electric worksites by Kodiak
Line. Demski, at trial, ultimately conceded that, after November
1998, he no longer utilized the hiring hall. He claimed that the
Union had not provided the mix of manpower, at acceptable
costs, promised; that he, Demski, was dissatisfied with the work
performance of those referred and that, contrary to the credible
record evidence, the Union was unable to supply sufficient man-
power to meet Kodiak Electric’s needs.5
In his further testimony, Demski identified the Rockview Ele-
mentary School project, in Kensington, Maryland, as an example
of the Union’s inability to refer a sufficient number of electrical
workers properly to handle the required work, to the detriment of
the Company. The contract for the inside electrical work on that
school renovation project was awarded to Kodiak Electric by the
general contractor, Porter Construction Management, Inc., on
June 24, 1998, and work began in August or September of that
year. According to Demski, Porter lodged repeated complaints
with him about Kodiak Electric’s failure properly to man the job,
culminating in Porter’s March 17, 1999 letter to Demski termi-
nating the contract with Kodiak Electric due, inter alia, to its
inability to supply sufficient manpower to accomplish the work.
Demski denied that he solicited the foregoing letter. Contrary to
his testimony, Peter Robey, the Porter Construction project man-
ager at Rockview, credibly testified that, after he complained to
Demski that Kodiak Electric was not adequately manning the job,
Demski asked that Robey write “the dirtiest, nastiest letter that
we could to terminate the contract with Kodiak Electric Com-
pany.” Demski told Robey that there was a sister company that
did not have manpower constraints and could easily absorb the
work that Kodiak Electric was unable to handle. Thus, Robey
further testified, the decision to terminate the contract occurred
only as a result of Demski’s request and, thereafter, Porter Con-
struction contracted with Kodiak Line, dated March 17, 1999, to
complete the remainder of the project electrical work for
$325,000, the balance of the original $530,000 contract with
Kodiak Electric. Kodiak Line then proceeded to perform the
contract work, lasting until September or October 1999.
Kodiak Line also performed substantial interior electrical work
at other jobsites, pursuant to contracts obtained and, in some
cases, initially worked by Kodiak Electric. In each instance, the

4 The contract required that signatory employers furnish a surety
bond or certified check in the amount of $25,000 to secure payment of
amounts due under the agreement.
5 Under the collective-bargaining agreements, if the Union is unable
to refer the requested number of electricians within 48 hours, the signa-
tory contractor is free to obtain employees elsewhere. Likewise, the
contractor retains the right to reject or discharge referrals.
work performed was bargaining unit work under the terms of the
applicable labor contract, but contract requirements were not
honored. Thus, Demski testified, sometime between January 20
and March 19, 1999, Kodiak Line began performance of the
interior electrical work at the Kenwood High School renovation
site, in Baltimore, Maryland, pursuant to the contract obtained by
Kodiak Electric. Work under this contract had initially been
performed by Kodiak Electric. Yet, when Demski turned the
work over to Kodiak Line, no new contract was drafted or exe-
cuted.
On November 12, 1998, Kodiak Electric submitted a bid for
the performance of inside electrical work, and ancillary work, to
Tech Contracting Co., the general contractor for the Churchville
Maintenance Facility project in Harford County, Maryland. An
agreement between Kodiak Electric and Tech was prepared for
performance of that work but, thereafter, the Kodiak Electric
name was crossed out and the Kodiak Line name was handwrit-
ten into the proposed contract. The agreement, as changed, was
signed by Timothy Demski, as president of Kodiak Line, on or
about February 8, 1999. On March 30, 1999, by facsimile trans-
mission, Kodiak Line secretary Laura McEvoy (formerly Laura
Dold) advised a supplier for the project that “Kodiak Electric,
Kodiak Welding and Kodiak Line have been reorganized under
one company—Kodiak Line Corporation, Inc.” Thereafter, on
May 4, by letter, Kodiak Line informed a vendor that “Kodiak
Electric Company has changed its name to Kodiak Line Corpora-
tion.”
On November 18, 1998, Kodiak Electric submitted its pro-
posal to Orfanos Construction, Inc. for the performance of inside
electrical work and ancillary work at the East Side Maintenance
Yard project in Baltimore, Maryland. Thereafter, and apparently
based on that proposal, on February 10, 1999, Orfanos contracted
with Kodiak Line to do the work. The electrical work at the
jobsite was, in fact, handled by Kodiak Line.
Demski claimed, in his testimony, that in November 1998, in a
telephone conversation with Local 24 business manager James
Kauffman, he, Demski, was advised that Kodiak Electric could
no longer obtain employees via referral by Local 24 due to the
Company’s delinquency in funds contributions and transmittal of
union dues. According to Demski, Kauffman further stated that
the Union did not have an obligation to send labor to delinquent
contractors and that, to remedy the situation, Kodiak Electric
would have to post another bond, or put $50,000 into an escrow
account. In this same conversation, Demski further testified,
Kauffman stated that absent the new bond, or $50,000 escrow
payment, conditions which Demski would not agree to, Kodiak
Electric “did not qualify to be a union contractor” and “would not
even be considered under the new agreement that was coming out
in March of 1999.” On the basis of this conversation, Demski
stated in his testimony, he concluded that he did not need to pro-
vide written notice of Kodiak Electric’s intent to terminate the
collective-bargaining agreement in order to accomplish such
termination, despite the contrary requirement specified in the
1996 to 1999 contract, and the letter of assent, of which Demski
was aware.
Kauffman, in his testimony, denied that he ever told Demski
that Kodiak Electric would not be considered as a contractor
under the new agreement, or that Demski was not required to
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1042
provide written notice of termination under the contract. Kauff-
man further testified that the Union never refused to supply
workers to Kodiak Electric, and never threatened to do so. As
Kauffman impressed me as an honest and forthright witness, in
possession of an accurate recollection of events, I credit his tes-
timony and, for the reasons noted at footnote 2, I discredit Dem-
ski’s contrary assertions.
C. Conclusions
The Board will find an alter ego relationship to exist between
two nominally separate entities if the two employers concerned
have substantially identical management, business purpose, op-
erations, equipment, customers and supervision, as well as own-
ership.6 In the absence of an identity of ownership, or an owner-
ship interest demonstrated by the holdings of one company in the
other, the Board will examine whether the degree of control exer-
cised by the first entity in the affairs of the second is such “as to
obliterate any separation between them.”7 Additionally, the
Board assesses whether the new or second company was created
so as to allow the old employer to evade responsibilities under
the Act, and whether the two entities deal with each other, if at
all, at arms’ length, with due regard for separateness.8 However,
unlawful motivation is not a necessary element of an alter ego
finding.9 Indeed, the Board consistently has held that no one
factor, taken alone, is determinative, a substance-over-form ap-
proached approved by the courts. Thus, in Omnitest Inspection
Services,10 the Court, in enforcing the Board’s order, stated:

[The Employer’s] challenge to the Board’s reliance on ac-
tual control suggests that an alter ego finding should turn
upon formal ownership alone. This argument ignores the
Board’s decisions that the substantial identify of formal
ownership is not the sine qua non of an alter ego relation-
ship. . . . We are satisfied that the Board’s multi-factor test
is a reasonable construction of the Act, and that depending
on the facts of the case, actual control can be more signifi-
cant than formal ownership.

Once a finding of alter ego relationship is made, it follows that
the collective-bargaining agreement of the one employer is bind-
ing upon the second entity.11
In applying the above criteria, Board case law also instructs
that, in the absence of common ownership, the older company
must exercise very substantial control over the new one, in order
to support an alter ego finding. Further, the lack of antiunion
motivation in the creation of the second entity generally militates
against finding a “disguised continuance” of the original organi-
zation.
In the instant case, both Kodiak Electric and Kodiak Line are
managed and entirely controlled by Timothy Demski, who ob-
tains the work for each entity. At least most of the Kodiak Line

6 Advance Electric, Inc., 268 NLRB 1001 (1984).
7 American Pacific Concrete Pipe Co., 262 NLRB 1223 (1982).
8 Fugazy Continental Corp., 265 NLRB 1301 (1982), enfd. 725 F.2d
1416 (D.C. Cir. 1984).
9 Johnstown Corp., 313 NLRB 170 (1993), enf. denied and re-
manded 41 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 1994), supp. dec. 322 NLRB 818 (1997).
10 297 NLRB 752 (1990), enfd. 937 F.2d 112 (3rd Cir. 1991).
11 Watt Electric Co., 273 NLRB 655 (1984).
supervisors were the Kodiak Electric supervisors during its active
period. Both businesses are fully owned by members of the
Demski family and thus, for alter ego purposes, they are com-
monly owned.12 While the two entities keep separate books,
utilize separate equipment and, to a great extent, have different
business purposes and customers, the record is replete with evi-
dence that they operate in tandem, and without regard for sepa-
rateness. Thus, they share a common space, without demarca-
tion, office equipment and office employees. They pay each
other’s bills and obligations and make loans to each other, appar-
ently without the necessity of repayment. They have held them-
selves out, to customers and suppliers, as a single entity, and
Kodiak Line has performed the interior electrical work obtained
and started by Kodiak Electric.
Further, I conclude that Kodiak Line was created, in substan-
tial part, to enable Demski to avoid Kodiak Electric’s obligations
under the labor agreement. Thus, by 1998, Demski made clear
his dissatisfactions with the contract and what he viewed as its
excessive wage cost provisions. He ceased unilaterally to make
required fringe benefit contributions, to transmit union dues and,
later, had Kodiak Electric cease to utilize the contractual referral
provisions. Following creation of Kodiak Line, Demski diverted
the bargaining unit work of Kodiak Electric to the new, nonunion
entity and, ultimately, no longer applied the labor agreement, at
all, to the work of either entity.
Based upon the above, I conclude that Kodiak Electric’s sole
owner and president, Timothy Demski, created Kodiak Line, in
substantial part, to evade obligations under Kodiak Electric’s
contract with the Union, and that Kodiak Line is the disguised
continuance of, and the alter ego of, Kodiak Electric. By refus-
ing to apply the contract terms to the unit employees, including
the payment of contractual wage rates and fringe benefit contri-
butions, failing to honor the contractual referral procedures, re-
pudiating its recognition of, and contract with, Local 24, and by
diverting bargaining unit work in order to escape contract re-
quirements, the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(5) of the Act.
Kodiak Electric was bound by the terms, not only of the 1996 to
1999 agreement with the Union, but, also, by the term of the
successor contract, running until 2002, as it failed to provide
timely written notice of intent to terminate, as required by the
1996 to 1999 contract, and by the terms of the letter of assent. As
the alter ego of Kodiak Electric, Kodiak Line was similarly
bound.
IV. THE EFFECTS OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
UPON COMMERCE
The activities of the Respondent set forth in section III, above,
occurring in connection with its operations described in section I,
above, have a close, intimate and substantial relation to trade,
traffic and commerce among the several states and tend to lead to
labor disputes burdening and obstructing commerce and the free
flow of commerce.
V. THE REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practice conduct in violation of Section 8(a)(5) of the
Act, I shall recommend that it be ordered to cease and desist
12 Haley & Haley, Inc., 289 NLRB 649 (1988).
KODIAK ELECTRIC CO. 1043
therefrom and to take certain affirmative action designed to effec-
tuate the policies of the Act. As it does not appear that the pro-
jects for which the Respondent failed to meet its obligation to
satisfy staffing needs by utilizing the referral procedure are, in
fact, ongoing, an order that the Respondent offer employment to
those on the Union’s out-of-work list is not provided.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Kodiak Electric Company, Inc. and Kodiak Line Company,
Inc., alter egos, constitute an employer engaged in commerce,
and in operations affecting commerce, within the meaning of
Section 2(2), (6) and (7) of the Act.
2. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local
24, AFL–CIO, is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. All journeymen-wiremen, journeymen-technicians, gen-
eral foremen, foremen, sub-foremen and apprentices employed
by the Respondent, but excluding all office clerical employees,
guards and supervisors as defined in the Act, constitute a unit
appropriate for the purposes of collective-bargaining within the
meaning of Section 9(b) of the Act.
4. At all times material herein, the Union has been the lim-
ited exclusive representative of all employees in the aforesaid
bargaining unit for the purposes of collective bargaining within
the meaning of Section 9(a) of the Act.
5. By refusing to apply the terms of its collective-bargaining
agreements with the Union to the unit employees, including
payment to them of contractual wages and payment on their
behalf of fringe benefit contributions; failing to honor the con-
tractual referral procedures and, instead, hiring employees di-
rectly and without notification to the Union; repudiating its
recognition of, and contract with, the Union and by causing
work obtained by Kodiak Electric Company to be performed by
Kodiak Line Company, the Respondent has engaged in unfair
labor practice conduct within the meaning of Section 8(a)(5) of
the Act.
6. The aforesaid unfair labor practices affect commerce within
the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
Upon the foregoing findings of fact, and conclusions of law,
and pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act, I hereby issue the fol-
lowing recommended:13
ORDER
The Respondent, Kodiak Electric Company, Inc., and Kodiak
Line Company, Inc., alter egos, Baltimore, Maryland, its officers,
agents, successors and assigns shall:
1. Cease and desist from:
(a) Refusing to bargain collectively with the Union, in an ap-
propriate unit, by refusing to apply the terms of its collective-
bargaining agreements, including wage rates and fringe benefits
fund contributions, to its employees; failing to honor the contrac-
tual referral procedures and, instead, hiring employees directly
and without notification to the Union; repudiating its recognition
of, and contracts with, the Union and by causing work obtained

13 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the
Board’s Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions and recom-
mended Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be
adopted by the Board and all objections to them shall be deemed
waived for all purposes.
by Kodiak Electric Company to be performed by Kodiak Line
Company.
(b) In any like or related manner, interfering with, restraining
or coercing employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed
them in Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to effectu-
ate the policies of the Act:
(a) Honor and abide by the terms and conditions of its con-
tracts with the Union, including the exclusive hiring hall provi-
sions, and make whole its employees represented by the Union,
and those on the Union’s out-of-work list, for any loss of pay and
other benefits suffered as a result of the Respondent’s refusal to
apply the contracts, beginning in February 1999. Backpay shall
be computed as set forth in F. W. Woolworth Co., 90 NLRB 289
(1950), with interest as computed in New Horizons for the Re-
tarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987).
(b) Pay all contractually required fringe benefit fund contribu-
tions not previously paid, in accordance with Merryweather Op-
tical Co., 240 NLRB 1213, 1216 (1979). In addition, make unit
employees, and those on the out-of-work list, whole for any ex-
penses resulting from the failure to make such contributions, with
interest, as set forth in Kraft Plumbing & Heating, 252 NLRB
891 fn. 2 (1980), enfd. 661 F.2d 940 (9th Cir. 1981), such
amounts to be computed in the manner set forth in Ogle Protec-
tion Service, 183 NLRB 682 (1970), enfd. 444 F.2d 502 (6th Cir.
1971), with interest as prescribed in New Horizons for the Re-
tarded, supra.
(c) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, make available
to the Board or its agents, for examination and copying, all pay-
roll records, social security payment records, timecards, person-
nel records and reports, and all other records necessary to analyze
the amount of backpay due under the terms of this Order.
(d) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at its fa-
cility in Baltimore, Maryland, copies of the attached notice
marked “Appendix.”14 Copies of the notice, on forms provided
by the Regional Director for Region 5, after being signed by the
Respondent’s authorized representative, shall be posted by the
Respondent immediately upon receipt and maintained for 60
consecutive days in conspicuous places, including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted. Reason-
able steps shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure that the
notices are not altered, defaced or covered by any other mate-
rial. In addition, the Respondent shall duplicate and mail, at its
own expense, a copy of the notice to all current employees and
former employees employed by the Respondent at any time
since February 1, 1999.
(e) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file with the
Regional Director a sworn certification of a responsible official,
on a form provided by the Region, attesting to the steps that the
Respondent has taken to comply.
14 If this Order is enforced by a Judgment of the United States Court
of Appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted By Order Of The
National Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant To A
Judgment Of The United States Court Of Appeals Enforcing An Order
Of The National Labor Relations Board.”