KCAL-TV

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jun 13, 2000

331 N.L.R.B. 323 (N.L.R.B. 2000)

KCAL-TV 323
Young Broadcasting of Los Angeles, Inc. d/b/a
KCAL-TV and Local 45, International Brother-
hood of Electrical Workers, AFL–CIO, Peti-
tioner. Case 31–RC–7773
June 13, 2000
DECISION AND DIRECTION
BY CHAIRMAN TRUESDALE AND MEMBERS FOX
AND LIEBMAN
The National Labor Relations Board, by a three-
member panel, has considered a determinative challenge
to an election held on October 22, 1999, and the hearing
officer’s report recommending disposition of it. The
election was held pursuant to a Decision and Direction of
Election. The tally of ballots shows 3 for and 2 against
the Petitioner, with 1 challenged ballot.
The Board has reviewed the record in light of the ex-
ceptions and briefs and has adopted the hearing officer’s
findings and recommendations.
For the reasons stated by the hearing officer in his re-
port, attached here as an appendix, we find that the chal-
lenge to the ballot cast by Stephanie Farr should be over-
ruled. The parties have stipulated that Farr is a dual
function employee, who spends approximately 60 per-
cent of her worktime as a weekday associate producer
and approximately 40 percent of her time as a weekend
show producer.1 As an associate producer, Farr was eli-
gible to vote in the September 9, 1999 election, in Case
31–RC–7766 that resulted in certification of IBEW Local
45, the Petitioner in this case, as exclusive collective-
bargaining representative of an appropriate unit of news-
room employees. Now, the hearing officer has found
that as a weekend show producer, Farr is eligible to vote
in the election in this case, where the same union seeks to
represent a separate bargaining unit of show producers.
We agree with the hearing officer that the precedent
cited by the Employer in contesting Farr’s eligibility is
distinguishable from the present case. In exceptions, the
Employer makes the further argument that permitting
one employee to vote twice in representation elections
for bargaining units of full-time employees contravenes
Board policy by giving her disproportionate influence
over the choice of bargaining representative by the Em-
ployer’s employees. We disagree.
Farr has one vote, and therefore no more influence in
deciding the question concerning representation than any
other unit employee, in each of the bargaining units to
which she belongs as a consequence of her dual function
status. In Berea Publishing Co., 140 NLRB 516, 518–
519 (1963), the Board made clear that dual function em-
ployees who share a substantial community of interests
with full-time employees in a bargaining unit are entitled
to the same rights and privileges in the selection of the
majority representative. Noting that the Board had tradi-
tionally permitted a part-time employee to vote in a unit
where the employee is regularly employed for sufficient
periods of time, the Board stated that, “we can perceive
no distinction between the part-time employee, who may
work for more than one employer, and the employee who
performs dual functions for the same employer.” 140
NLRB at 519.

1 There is no claim or evidence that any other employee has the same
dual function job situation as Farr.
Quite obviously, an individual who works parttime for
more than one employer may be eligible to vote in an
appropriate unit of each employer’s employees. Consis-
tent with Berea Publishing, we see no policy reason why
a dual function employee may never vote in two separate
units. We need not and do not define here all instances
in which it would be appropriate to permit a dual func-
tion employee’s participation in more than one unit elec-
tion. We agree with the hearing officer, however, that
under the circumstances of this case, where time spent
and work performed by a single dual function employee
in one job classification is distinct and separate from
time spent and work performed in another classification,
that employee should be eligible to participate fully in
both bargaining units in which she has a substantial in-
terest. We therefore adopt the hearing officer’s recom-
mendation to overrule the challenge to the ballot cast by
Farr. We shall remand this case to the Region for the
purpose of opening and counting Farr’s ballot, preparing
a revised tally of ballots, and issuing the appropriate cer-
tification.
DIRECTION
IT IS DIRECTED that the Regional Director for Re-
gion 31 shall, within 14 days from the date of this Deci-
sion and Direction, open and count the ballot of Stepha-
nie Farr, the weekend show producer. The Regional Di-
rector shall then serve on the parties a revised tally of
ballots, and issue the appropriate certification.
APPENDIX
HEARING OFFICER’S REPORT AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Pursuant to a petition filed on August 16, 1999, and a Deci-
sion and Direction of Election issued by the Regional Director
for Region 31 on September 27, 1999, an election by secret
ballot was conducted under the supervision of the Regional
Director for Region 31 on October 22, 1999, among the em-
ployees of the Employer in the unit agreed appropriate.2 After
the election, each party was furnished with a tally of ballots
which showed that of approximately six eligible voters, six cast
ballots, of which three were cast in favor of the Petitioner, two
2 In the instant case, an election was directed in two separate and dis-
tinct units. This Report pertains only to a challenge which occurred in
unit B, the full description of which is set forth below
INC: All show producers employed by the Employer at its facil-
ity located at 5515 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, California.
EXC: On-air talent, promotional writer/producers, directors,
technicians, clerical employees, all other employees, guards and
supervisors as defined in the Act.
331 NLRB No. 46
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 324
were cast against the Petitioner, and one ballot was challenged.
There were no void ballots. The sole challenged ballot was
sufficient in number to affect the results of the election. No
party has filed timely objections to conduct affecting the results
of the election.
Pursuant to Section 102.69 of the Board’s Rules and Regula-
tions, Series 8, as amended, the Regional Director, after reason-
able notice to all parties to present relevant evidence, com-
pleted an investigation of the challenge. After having duly con-
sidered all evidence submitted by the parties and otherwise
disclosed by the investigation, on December 22, 1999, the Re-
gional Director issued a supplemental decision, order directing
hearing, and notice of hearing, wherein the Regional Director
ordered a hearing be held on the challenged ballot of Stephanie
Farr, the weekend show producer.
Pursuant to the above-mentioned supplemental decision, or-
der directing hearing, and notice of hearing, a hearing was held
before the undersigned, at Los Angeles, California, on January
11, 2000. The hearing was conducted in accordance with the
provisions of Section 102.69 of the Board’s Rules and Regula-
tions, Series 8, as amended. All parties were present, with the
Employer and the Petitioner represented by counsel, and af-
forded full opportunity to be heard, to examine witnesses, to
introduce relevant evidence, cross examine witnesses, and to
make oral argument at the close of the hearing.
In determining credibility and resolving conflicts in this pro-
ceeding, I have considered, inter alia, the following: the de-
meanor and the conduct of the witnesses; their candor and lack
thereof; their apparent fairness, bias, or prejudice; their ability
to know, comprehend, and understand the matters about which
they testified; whether they had been contradicted or otherwise
impeached; the interrelationship of the testimony of the wit-
nesses and the written and/or documentary evidence presented;
and the inherent probability and plausibility of the testimony. In
addition, certain qualities, such as motive, may only be shown
circumstantially when the possessor has not previously revealed
these qualities in a direct manner. Therefore, uncontradicted
testimony need not necessarily be accepted as true when the
circumstances may outweigh the credibility of a direct state-
ment testified to at hearing. I have also considered the nature of
conclusionary statements as distinguished from statements of
fact, and whether answers are self-serving, or in response to
leading questions of counsel. Therefore, when credibility issues
arise, the credited version may be indicated without further
reference to the standard applied and any failure to detail each
of the standards is not to be deemed a failure on my part to
consider it. Walker’s, 159 NLRB 1159 (1966). The following
recitation of facts, where not specifically noted, follows cred-
ited testimony on evidence contained in the record.
FINDINGS OF FACT
The sole determinative challenge which the Regional Direc-
tor determined should be set for hearing is set forth and dis-
cussed below. Issues of fact and law, together with the hearing
officer’s conclusions are set forth after the challenge. The con-
clusions are also summarized at the end of the report.
Challenged Ballot
The ballot of Stephanie Farr, the weekend show producer,
was challenged by the Board agent conducting the election,
based upon an order of the Board, dated October 20, 1999,
wherein the Board stated that the request for review filed by the
Employer subsequent to the issuance of the Decision and Direc-
tion of Election in the instant matter, raised a substantial issue
solely with respect to the inclusion of the weekend show pro-
ducer, and concluded that the issue would be best resolved
through the use of the challenge procedure.
In the supplemental decision, order directing hearing, and
notice of hearing issued by the Regional Director, the Regional
Director stated that the Employer contended that the weekend
show producer was not a dual function employee, and was in-
eligible to vote. The Regional Director further stated that Peti-
tioner contended that the weekend show producer was a dual
function employee who spent approximately 50 percent of her
time performing the duties of a show producer with a substan-
tial interest in the working conditions of show producers and
should therefore be allowed to vote.
During the course of the hearing, employer counsel offered a
stipulation that Farr was a dual function employee, which stipu-
lation was entered into by the Petitioner’s counsel. In support of
the stipulation, employer counsel put into evidence transcript
pages 109 to 112 and pages 326 to 357 from the hearing held in
Case 31–RC–7766, which dealt in detail with Farr’s duties as
an associate show producer and weekend show producer. Based
upon the stipulation of the parties, I find that Farr is a dual
function employee, and without more, has a presumptive right
to vote in the instant matter.
Employer counsel has made part of the record of the instant
case pages 21 to 24 of Employer’s request for review of Re-
gional Director’s Decision and Direction of Election, filed in
the instant case, wherein counsel argued:

A limitation has been placed on the representation of
dual function employees. The Board and courts have held
it would be incongruous for employees to be represented
in two units for the same employer. See Davis Supermar-
kets, Inc. v. NLRB, 2 F.3d 1162 (D.C. Cir. 1993); Bentson
Contracting Co., 941 F.2d 1262 (D.C. Cir. 1991).
Although Davis Supermarkets, supra, and Bentson
Contracting, supra, concerned whether two different un-
ions could represent dual function employees in two sepa-
rate units, many of the same policy considerations apply
herein. If the Employer was faced with negotiating two
separate contracts with the union covering the weekend
show producer in her two job capacities, she could at any
moment, be covered by different salary, hours, overtime,
insurance, vacation and holiday provisions. It would often
be unclear which contract covered her at which moment.
She could also have to pay two separate sets of dues, at-
tend two sets of meetings and somehow split her alle-
giances between two groups of employees. In The Pulitzer
Publishing Co., 203 NLRB 639 (1973), the Board recog-
nized dual function employees in the television industry
may need to be in their own separate unit, rather than with
single function employees.
The Board would deny the weekend show producer the
right to vote in two separate elections if different unions
were petitioning to represent the associate producers and
other news staff, and the show producers. See, e.g., Sunray
Ltd., 258 NLRB 517 (1980). That determination should
not change solely because the same labor organization, the
union, has sought to represent both groups. Indeed, given
the circumstances of this case, where the union has at-
tempted to manipulate the Board’s processes to give the
weekend show producer two votes, it is imperative the
Board apply that principle herein.
KCAL-TV 325
For the Regional Director, to have granted the union’s
request to include the weekend show producer was incon-
sistent with the provisions of the Act. Under Section
9(c)(5), the extent of union organization cannot be given
controlling weight. Yet, having included the weekend
show producer in both units granted such weight to the un-
ion’s organizational efforts. Moreover, for the weekend
show producer to vote for union representation in Case
31-RC-7766 on September 9, and again, in this unit before
September 9, 2000, would be inconsistent with Section
9(c)(3), which prohibits holding successive elections in the
same unit or subunit within a period of one year.

Initially, I note that Davis Supermarkets, supra, and Bentson
Contracting, supra, involved situations where two separate
unions represented dual function employees simultaneously
with respect to the same (emphasis added) conditions of em-
ployment, i.e., the same job classifications in two different units
during the same working hours, which is a different situation
from the instant case. In the instant case it is clear that Farr acts
as show producer on the weekends, and that during the week,
Farr’s normal duties are that of associate producer, a job cate-
gory distinct and separate from that of show producer. In the
event that Farr does act as a show producer during the week,
she performs the duties of a producer, not associate producer,
and again her job duties would appear to be distinct. I further
note that employer counsel alluded to this situation in his intro-
duction into evidence of Employer Exhibits 7 and 8, the parties
initial contract proposals for the unit containing associate pro-
ducers, when counsel stated; “There can be no assurance at this
point or at any point that the interests of the news room, the
larger unit, and the producer bargaining unit will be exactly,
100 per cent, completely identical.” (Tr. 26, 2–5.)
Accordingly, I conclude that Davis Supermarkets, supra, and
Bentson Contracting, supra, are inapposite to the situation in
the instant case, and I give no weight to the findings and/or
conclusions of law contained in the cited cases.
Employer counsel cites Pulitzer Publishing, supra, for the
proposition that dual function employees in the television in-
dustry may need to be in their own separate unit, rather than
with single function employees. In Pulitzer Publishing, supra,
the Board found that a unit of newsmen who appeared on the
air or on television were considered to be “talent” as distinct
from a group of newsmen who did not appear on the air, and
although both groups were considered duel function employees,
as such a separate unit of on-air newsman was appropriate. In
the instant case, there is only one dual function employee in
question, and the Board has long held that it is contrary to
Board policy to certify a representative for bargaining purposes
in a unit consisting of only one employee, or to direct elections
in such units. Mount St. Joseph’s Home for Girls, 229 NLRB
251 (1977); Sonoma-Marin Publishing Co., 172 NLRB 625
(1968). In light of the fact that the unit of dual function em-
ployees in the instant case consists of only one employee, I
conclude that reliance on Pulitzer Publishing, supra, is inap-
propriate, and not relevant to the considerations raised in the
instant case.
Employer counsel argues that the Board would deny Farr the
right to vote in two separate elections if different unions were
petitioning to represent the associate producers and other news
staff, and the show producers in one unit, citing Sunray, supra.
Counsel is correct in his assertion. Sunray, supra, involved a
situation where the Acting Regional Director found appropriate
two separate and distinct units of dual function employees, each
unit consisting of the same employees. The Board found that
agreement with the Acting Regional Director would cause a
situation where an appropriate unit of all the Employer’s em-
ployees elected separate unions to be their exclusive representa-
tive in two or more separate units, a result incongruous with the
policies of the Act, and found that only one unit was appropri-
ate, consisting of all the Employer’s employees, and gave the
employees a choice of voting for one of the two competing
unions, or no union. The situation in Sunray, supra, is con-
trasted with the instant situation, where it has been determined
that two separate and distinct units of employees are appropri-
ate, and each unit is made up of different employees, with the
exception of the dual function employee in question. As such I
conclude that the principle set forth in Sunray, supra, is not
applicable to the instant situation, and I will not apply the find-
ing in Sunray, supra, to the instant case.
Employer counsel argues that allowing Farr to vote is viola-
tive of the Act, specifically Section 9(c)(3) and (5). Section
9(c)(3) states “No election shall be directed in any bargaining
unit or any subdivision within which, in the proceeding
twelve-month period, a valid election shall have been held.”
The issue before me is not whether or not such an election has
been so directed; and there is no evidence that such is the case;
but rather whether Farr should be permitted to vote in an elec-
tion in a unit including show producers, when Farr has already
voted within a 12-month period in a unit of associate producers.
The section cited by employer counsel does not deal with the
eligibility rights of specific individual voters, but rather with
the general issue of whether an election per se is appropriate.
Section 9(c)(5) states, “In determining whether a unit is appro-
priate for the purposes specified in subsection (b) [of this sec-
tion] the extent to which the employees have organized shall
not be controlling.” Counsel argues that the inclusion of Farr in
two separate and appropriate units grants such weight to the
union’s organizational efforts. Counsel offers no evidence in
support of this theory and I fail to see any merit to it.
IThe compelling argument that employer counsel makes is
the problems that the Employer would be faced with if Farr
were permitted to vote in and be part of two separate and dis-
tinct units. Counsel argues that the Employer could conceivably
be faced with negotiating two separate contracts with the union
which would encompass Farr; Farr could at any moment be
covered by, a different salary, hours, overtime, insurance, vaca-
tion, and holiday provisions. It would be unclear which contract
covered Farr at which moment, and Farr would be obligated to
pay two separate sets of dues, attend two sets of meetings, and
somehow split her allegiances between two groups of employ-
ees.
With respect to employer counsel’s arguments with respect
to Farr’s union obligations, union counsel has stated in the pre-
hearing statement by the Union, which was made part of the
record, that Farr would only be obligated to pay one set of un-
ion dues and would belong to the same local union, IBEW Lo-
cal 45, thus obviating employer counsel’s arguments concern-
ing the burden that would be placed on Farr, if permitted to
vote, to meet her union obligations.
I am left then with the remaining considerations raised by
employer counsel with respect to the possibility of different
salary, hours, and other benefits if Farr were to be permitted to
vote in and be part of both appropriate units. The instant situa-
tion is akin to the situation of a dual function employee who is
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 326
found to be part of an appropriate unit represented by a union
and at the same time is part of a nonrepresented unit of em-
ployees at the same employer. The Board has stated that once
the standard for finding an employee to be dual function has
been met, “it is both unnecessary and inappropriate to evaluate
other aspects of the dual-function employee’s terms and condi-
tions of employment in a kind of second tier commu-
nity-of-interest analysis.” Oxford Chemicals, Inc., 286 NLRB
187 (1987). In Oxford, supra, fn. 5, the Board stated, “Any
resulting disparity in wages and benefits should not form a
separate basis for continuing to exclude an employee from the
unit when that employee now performs a sufficient amount of
unit work.” Further, in Alpha School Bus Co., 287 NLRB 698
(1987), the Board overruled a challenge to an employee finding
that the employee was a dual function employee and eligible to
vote, even though when working as a employee in the nonrep-
resented unit, the employee had different supervision and a
benefit package unavailable to the union represented employ-
ees, and when employed in the represented unit received the
same wage rate and benefits, and was subject to the same su-
pervision as the union represented employees.
Based upon the foregoing, I will, therefore, recommend that
the challenge to the ballot of Stephanie Farr be overruled.
Recommendation
I, having made the above findings and conclusions, based on
the record as a whole, recommend that the challenge to the
ballot of Stephanie Farr be overruled, and that her ballot be
opened at a time, date, and place be hereinafter announced, at
which time a revised tally of ballots shall issue.3

3 Pursuant to Sec. 102.69 of the Board’s Rules and Regulations, Se-
ries 8, as amended, within 14 days of the issuance of this report, any
party may file with the Board in Washington, D.C., an original and
eight copies of exceptions there to. Immediately upon the filing of such
exceptions, the party filling the same shall serve a copy thereof on the
other parties, and shall file a copy with the Regional Director. If no
exceptions are filed, the Board will adopt the recommendations of the
hearing officer.