J.C. Penney Co., Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jun 18, 1999

328 N.L.R.B. 766 (N.L.R.B. 1999)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 766
J. C. Penney Company, Inc. and International Broth-
erhood of Teamsters, Local Union 41, AFL–
CIO, Petitioner. Case 17–RC–11368
June 18, 1999
DECISION ON REVIEW AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN TRUESDALE AND MEMBERS
HURTGEN AND BRAME
On June 21, 1996, the Regional Director for Region 17
issued a Decision and Direction of Election in this pro-
ceeding, in which he found appropriate a unit of all full-
time and regular part-time employees employed by the
Employer at its catalog fulfillment center in Lenexa,
Kansas, excluding, inter alia, the telemarketing depart-
ment employees.1 Thereafter, in accordance with Sec-
tion 102.67 of the National Labor Relations Board’s
Rules and Regulations, the Employer filed a timely re-
quest for review of the Regional Director’s decision with
respect to the exclusion of the telemarketing department
employees from the unit found appropriate, and of cer-
tain catalog maintenance technicians.2 By Order dated
July 24, 1996, the Board granted the Employer’s request
for review. The election was held as scheduled on July
24, 1996, and the ballots were impounded.
The Board has delegated its authority in this proceed-
ing to a three-member panel. Having considered the en-
tire record in this proceeding, including the Employer’s
brief on review,3 we conclude, in agreement with the
Employer, that the telemarketing department employees
must be included in the bargaining unit.
The Lenexa facility consists of about two million
square feet under one roof.4 The overall function of the
facility is to receive, process, fill, and distribute orders
for merchandise ordered by customers from the Em-
ployer’s catalogs. Customers’ calls to the Employer’s
toll-free “800” number are received by the telemarketers,
who then enter information regarding the customers’
orders into the central computer system.5 Approximately
70 percent of the orders received by the telemarketing
department are filled by warehouse employees at the
Lenexa facility; the rest are sent to one of the Employer’s
other five catalog fulfillment centers to be filled.6 There
are 950 employees in the unit found appropriate, and
about 365 employees in the telemarketing department.7

1 The unit includes employees in departments A receiving, area 2,
area 4, area 6, central warehouse, inventory control, W receiving, “W”
areas, job lots, packing, shipping, returns, customer relations, factory
ship, accuracy control/supply, merchandise exam, engineering, mainte-
nance, data processing, traffic, loss prevention, controllers/accounting,
merchandise coordinator sales assistants, and control clerks in the de-
partments included herein.
2 The Regional Director found appropriate a unit larger than that
sought by the Petitioner, adding classifications because of their role in
processing orders and on traditional community of interest grounds.
No request for review was filed as to the Regional Director’s inclusion
of the additional classifications.
3 The Employer has requested oral argument. The request is denied
as the record, request for review, and brief on review adequately pre-
sent the issues and the positions of the parties.
4 The facility is configured as a large square with an “operations cen-
ter” attached to the east side, and a shipping area attached to the south
side. The warehouse area of the facility is largely open, and divided by
half walls or moveable partitions. However, other areas of the facility
are divided into discrete sections.
The National Labor Relations Act allows a union to
petition for an appropriate unit. This does not necessar-
ily mean that the unit will be the most appropriate or that
there might not be another more appropriate. See Na-
tional Cash Register Co., 166 NLRB 173, 174 (1966);
Dezcon, Inc., 295 NLRB 109, 111 (1989). While we
recognize and adhere to this principle, we find, contrary
to the Regional Director, that the telemarketing depart-
ment employees share such a strong community of inter-
est with the employees in the unit found appropriate that
their inclusion is required.
As the record amply demonstrates, the telemarketers
share common wage scales, benefits,8 and personnel
policies with unit employees. A single personnel de-
partment services the entire facility. Telemarketers work
in the same physical location as other included employ-
ees,9 and attend common meetings.10 The telemarketing
department manager, like eight other department manag-
ers, reports directly to Facilities Manager Frank R. Kemp
Jr. As discussed more fully below, telemarketers have
similar skills and perform similar functions to unit em-
ployees in the customer relations and factory ship de-
partments, and there is evidence of substantial contact
and interchange between the telemarketers and employ-
ees in other included departments.
5 Telemarketers have access to systemwide information via the com-
puter system to answer customers’ inquiries regarding merchandise, the
availability of merchandise, delivery schedules, and the status of orders,
and to place customers’ orders.
6 The geographical location of the customer’s shipping address, as
well as the availability of the merchandise, determine which catalog
fulfillment center will fill the order. The Employer has 14 telemarket-
ing centers in the United States, 4 of which are situated in the same
location as the catalog fulfillment center.
7 There are nine separate job classifications in the telemarketing de-
partment. At the time of the hearing, about 348 employees were classi-
fied as telephone customer service representatives; 7 as senior tele-
phone customer service representatives; 2 as catalog credit specialists,
and 1 employee in each of the following classifications: detail assis-
tant, senior detail assistant, control clerk, staffing clerk, automatic call
distributor, general maintenance tech, staffing clerk, and administrative
secretary.
8 Uniform health, leave, and discount benefits apply to all employees
at the facility who average 25 hours or more of work per week.
9 The facility has two floors. The telemarketing department is lo-
cated in the center of the second floor, directly over the data processing
department, and next to the cafeteria. Other departments included in
the unit, such as controllers/accounting, traffic, and engineering, also
work on the second floor.
10 Telemarketers attend one of three monthly Employer-sponsored
general employee meetings with unit employees, and participate in
facility-wide committees.
328 NLRB No. 105
J. C. PENNEY CO. 767
Skills and functions
Similar to other unit classifications, telemarketers are
not required to possess prior skill requirements in order
to be hired into the department. Telemarketers perform
functions similar to those of employees in the customer
relations11 and factory ship12 departments, who are in-
cluded in the unit. About 100 of the customer service
representatives in the telemarketing department are
trained to respond to customer inquiries, and handle
problems with merchandise. Senior customer service
representatives assist them in handling more difficult
calls. Although customers’ complaints and inquiries are
initially handled by telemarketers, a portion are trans-
ferred to the customer relations department if there is
greater volume than can be handled by the telemarketing
department or if the problem cannot be handled or re-
solved by the telemarketing department.13 Six to eight
detail assistants in customer relations investigate and
process unusual orders where the Employer suspects
there is an error in the order information. They also at-
tempt to reorder merchandise from vendors to fill orders
when the merchandise is not available at the facility.
Senior detail assistants in customer relations are cross-
trained with senior detail assistants in the factory ship
department to respond to customer inquiries and to make
adjustments regarding factory shipped merchandise, as
well as dealing with customer orders that are filled from
merchandise shipped from the inventory at the facility.
Seventy to eighty per cent of the calls that senior detail
assistants receive in customer relations are from the cus-
tomer service representatives in the telemarketing de-
partment. Three detail assistants in factory ship similarly
handle customer inquiries.
Contact and interchange
Telemarketing department employees have substantial
contact and interchange with unit employees. Telemar-
keting customer service representatives frequently con-
tact employees in the customer service department to
expedite rush orders or in relation to customer inquir-
ies.14 Telemarketers also contact employees in the accu-
racy control/supply department, and the returns depart-
ment concerning orders and inquiries; employees in the
traffic department to determine delivery rates or sched-
ules for a customer; and employees in the loss prevention

11 The customer relations department is responsible for the resolution
of customer complaints and problems, making adjustments to customer
accounts, and handling special orders of merchandise.
12 The factory ship department is responsible for processing cus-
tomer orders for merchandise that is filled by shipments directly from
the vendor rather than from the facility.
13 About 15 to 20 percent of the over one million nonorder calls are
forwarded to customer relations annually.
14 There are about 125,000–130,000 contacts a year between em-
ployees in the telemarketing and customer relations departments, in-
cluding face-to-face, phone call, facsimile, and computer communica-
tion.
department regarding fraudulent orders. Factory ship
interfaces regularly with the telemarketing and customer
relations departments concerning the items that they ship
directly from the factory to customers. Telemarketers
participate with all employees in the annual inventory in
the warehouse, both physically counting merchandise
and keying information regarding inventory into the
computer. They are trained to perform the annual inven-
tory by employees in the customer relations department.
On occasion, telemarketers are loaned to the factory ship
department, the returns department, and other depart-
ments when the work demands in those departments re-
quire extra help.15
The Employer maintains a “job system” where all job
openings at the facility are posted for bid in every de-
partment at the facility, and employees routinely transfer
between the various departments, including in and out of
telemarketing.16 Telemarketers operate under the same
layoff and recall policies as other employees at Lenexa,
and have bumped employees in other departments during
a reduction-in-force. Employees from other departments
have also been placed in the telemarketing department as
a result of a reduction-in-force. In a few cases, telemar-
keters have been recalled to other departments.
Telemarketers, like employees from all other depart-
ments, have served as models for the merchandise exam
department. Over the last 3 years, they worked with cus-
tomer relations employees in quality circles on two sepa-
rate projects concerning updates in guidelines and im-
provements in customer problem resolution. When large
numbers of customers need to be contacted by telephone
to be informed that an item they ordered is out-of-stock
or the order is otherwise unfillable, customer relations
employees and telemarketers are assigned to make the
calls. Telemarketing employees have trained customer
relations employees on new computer software.
Other considerations
In finding that the telemarketers share a close commu-
nity of interest with the unit found appropriate, we note
that the telemarketing department is not the only depart-
ment at Lenexa that handles work for other catalog ful-
fillment centers in overflow or other situations. For ex-
ample, the data processing department processes the or-
ders received by various telemarketing centers, and pro-
vides some services to other locations. The packing de-
partment fills orders for the Employer’s fulfillment cen-
15 Between five and eight telemarketing employees have been sent to
the factory ship department to help with “keying” the billing (computer
entry), and telemarketing has loaned its employees who had previous
experience working in the returns department back to that department
for 2 to 3-month periods.
16 Over the past 3 years 150 telemarketing employees bid to transfer
to other departments at Lenexa, and about 20 have in fact transferred to
other departments.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 768
ters in Reno, Nevada, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on a
regular basis when those centers do not carry that item.17
Finally, contrary to the Regional Director, we find that
any variation between the telemarketing department and
other departments regarding hours of work, seasonal em-
ployees, and part-time employees does not negate their
close community of interest with the unit found appro-
priate. Although telemarketers work on multiple shifts
(covering 7 a.m. to 11 p.m.) 7 days per week while most
employees work on a 5-day schedule and are off on
weekends, data processing has 24-hour coverage with
employees working a variety of shifts and hours. Other
employees in various departments have a variety of start-
ing times. While the employee complement in the tele-
marketing department is seasonal and subject to wide
fluctuation, apparently doubling in size during its peak
season (July through Christmas) from its nonpeak level,18
some of the seasonals are retained temporarily to work in
other departments, including the returns department, and
stay through inventory before being laid off. Although
the majority of part-time employees work in the telemar-
keting department, 72 percent of the telemarketers at the
time of the hearing averaged 25 hours or more per week
and therefore were eligible for benefits. Moreover, there
are some part-time employees in various other depart-
ments such as the area 2 and W areas, and the shipping
department has a part-time shift.
CONCLUDING FINDINGS
Based on this record, we conclude that the employees
in the telemarketing department must be included in the
unit. Although the telemarketing department employees’
separate supervision is a factor that militates against their
required inclusion, we find that this factor is outweighed
by other factors favoring their required inclusion. Thus,
telemarketers and employees in the petitioned-for unit
work in the same building, receive similar wages and
benefits, are subject to the same personnel policies, have

17 There is an instantaneous inventory check between the computers
of these centers during third shift and Lenexa will fill in for items when
the other centers do not have them in stock.
18 The Employer employs approximately 1350 employees during
nonpeak season, and about 1800 during peak season. Most of the addi-
tional employees are hired to work in the telemarketing department.
similar skills and perform similar functions, and have
substantial contact and interaction. In addition, there is
routine permanent interchange and some temporary in-
terchange between telemarketing department employees
and the other employees involved herein.
Moreover, the functions of the telemarketers are inte-
grated with the overall function of the Lenexa facility—
receiving, processing, filling, and distributing orders for
merchandise ordered by customers from the Employer’s
catalogs. As noted, approximately 70 percent of the or-
ders received by the telemarketing department are filled
by warehouse employees at the Lenexa facility. The
telemarketers and unit employees in the customer rela-
tions and factory ship departments perform common
functions with respect to handling customer inquiries.
Seventy to eighty percent of the calls that the senior de-
tail assistants receive in customer relations are from the
customer service representatives in the telemarketing
department.
Based on the above, we conclude that the employees in
the telemarketing department must be included in the
unit found appropriate. See Hotel Services Group, 328
NLRB No. 30 (1999); Brand Precision Services, 313
NLRB 657 (1994); Transerve Systems, 311 NLRB 766
(1993); Phoenician, 308 NLRB 826 (1992). Accord-
ingly, the Regional Director’s Decision and Direction of
Election is reversed with respect to his exclusion of
telemarketing department employees from the unit found
appropriate. This proceeding is remanded to the Re-
gional Director for further appropriate action, consistent
with the findings herein.19

19 The Employer correctly notes that the parties stipulated that only
the two catalog maintenance technicians in the engineering department
should be excluded from the unit, not all catalog maintenance techni-
cians as found by the Regional Director. Accordingly, the Board clari-
fies the Regional Director’s decision to exclude only the two catalog
maintenance technicians in the engineering department.