Iron Workers, Local 378

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

May 21, 2009

354 N.L.R.B. 220 (N.L.R.B. 2009)

354 NLRB No. 19
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the
bound volumes of NLRB decisions. Readers are requested to notify the Ex-
ecutive Secretary, National Labor Relations Board, Washington, D.C.
20570, of any typographical or other formal errors so that corrections can
be included in the bound volumes.
International Association of Bridge, Structural, Or-
namental and Reinforcing Iron Workers, Local
378 and International Longshore and Ware-
house Union, Local 10 and International Union
of Operating Engineers, Local 3 and American
Bridge/Fluor Enterprises, Inc. Cases 32–CD–
167, 32–CD–168, and 32–CD–169
May 21, 2009
DECISION AND DETERMINATION OF DISPUTE
BY CHAIRMAN LIEBMAN AND MEMBER SCHAUMBER
This is a jurisdictional dispute proceeding under Sec-
tion 10(k) of the National Labor Relations Act (the Act).
American Bridge/Fluor Enterprises, Inc., a Joint Venture
(the Employer) filed a charge on January 26, 2009,1 al-
leging that the International Association of Bridge, Struc-
tural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers, Local
378 (Iron Workers) violated Section 8(b)(4)(D) of the
Act by engaging in proscribed activity with an object of
forcing the Employer to assign certain work to employ-
ees represented by the Iron Workers rather than to em-
ployees represented by the International Longshore and
Warehouse Union, Local 10 (ILWU). The Employer
filed a second charge on January 26, alleging this time
that the ILWU violated Section 8(b)(4)(D) by engaging
in proscribed activity with an object of forcing the Em-
ployer to assign certain work to employees represented
by the ILWU rather than to employees represented by the
Iron Workers.2 A hearing was held in this matter on
Monday, March 2, before Hearing Officer Cynthia
Rence. Thereafter, the Employer and the Iron Workers
filed posthearing briefs.
The National Labor Relations Board3 affirms the hear-
ing officer’s rulings, finding them free from prejudicial

1 All dates hereafter are in 2009, unless otherwise stated.
2 The Employer also filed a third charge, alleging that the ILWU vio-
lated Sec. 8(b)(4)(D) by engaging in proscribed activity with an object
of forcing the Employer to assign certain work to employees repre-
sented by the ILWU rather than to employees represented by the Inter-
national Union of Operating Engineers, Local 3 (IUOE). At the 10(k)
hearing, however, the ILWU disclaimed interest in the work at issue in
the third charge. This charge has since been dismissed.
3 Effective midnight December 28, 2007, Members Liebman,
Schaumber, Kirsanow, and Walsh delegated to Members Liebman,
Schaumber, and Kirsanow, as a three-member group, all of the Board’s
powers in anticipation of the expiration of the terms of Members Kir-
sanow and Walsh on December 31, 2007. Pursuant to this delegation,
Chairman Liebman and Member Schaumber constitute a quorum of the
three-member group. As a quorum, they have the authority to issue
decisions and orders in unfair labor practice and representation cases.
error. On the entire record, the Board makes the follow-
ing findings.
I. JURISDICTION
The parties stipulated that the Employer is a general
contractor engaged in the construction industry and that,
during the 12-month period prior to the hearing, it pur-
chased and received goods valued in excess of $50,000
directly from suppliers located outside the State of Cali-
fornia. We therefore find that the Employer is engaged
in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7)
of the Act. The parties further stipulated that the Iron
Workers and the ILWU are labor organizations within
the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
II. THE DISPUTE
A. Background and Facts of Dispute
The Employer is a joint venture between American
Bridge, a construction company, and Fluor Enterprises,
Inc., an engineering procurement project management
company. The Employer has a contract with the Califor-
nia Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for the con-
struction of a new self-anchored suspension span bridge
on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Caltrans ob-
tained an easement to use Pier 7 at the Port of Oakland to
receive material required for the project. A dispute has
arisen as to whether certain work associated with off-
loading of ships and vessels arriving at Pier 7 for the
purpose of providing materials for the Bay Bridge project
should be assigned to employees represented by the Iron
Workers or the ILWU.
Over the course of the Bay Bridge project, approxi-
mately 11 shipments of structural steel are to be shipped
to Pier 7 from China. Unloading these shipments will
involve securing the ships to Pier 7, unloading the steel
materials from the pier, prepping the steel structures to
be transported to a barge via crane, transporting the steel
structures via crane, unloading the steel structures from
the crane to a barge, and then prepping the steel struc-
tures so that they can be hoisted from the barge to the
steel structure’s predesignated location.
The first shipment of structural steel arrived at Pier 7
on December 26, 2008. The line handling for the berth-
ing of the ship at Pier 7 was done by a crew of Iron
Workers employed by the Employer. Within about 20
minutes of the arrival of the ship, Captain Morrell of the
California Highway Patrol (CHP) notified Brian Peter-

See Sec. 3(b) of the Act. See New Process Steel, L.P. v. NLRB, ___
F.3d ___, 2009 WL 1162556 (7th Cir. May 1, 2009); Northeastern
Land Services, Ltd. v. NLRB, 560 F.3d 36 (1st Cir. 2009), pet. for re-
hearing denied (May 20, 2009). But see Laurel Baye Healthcare of
Lake Lanier, Inc. v. NLRB, ___ F.3d ___, 2009 WL 1162574 (D.C. Cir.
May 1, 2009).
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD2
sen, the Employer’s operations manager, that ILWU
President Melvin Mackay wanted to speak with Petersen.
Petersen testified that Mackay told him that the work of
offloading the ship was the responsibility of the ILWU.
Petersen told Mackay that the work had been assigned to
the Iron Workers. Mackay then appeared to be talking
on a cellular phone, and Petersen overheard Mackay say
“shut the port down.”
Later that same day, at about 6:30 p.m., Captain
Morrell informed Petersen that the CHP could not con-
firm that the Employer’s employees would have safe
access to Pier 7 to unload the ship. Captain Morrell,
other CHP officers, and members of the Oakland Police
Department then cleared a path for Petersen and 19 other
vehicles transporting the Employer’s employees to leave
Pier 7. As he was driving away from Pier 7, Petersen
observed approximately 200 people on either side of the
road leading to it. Many of the people Petersen observed
were carrying picket signs which read, “ILWU Work, No
Scabs.” Some of the picketers were swearing and saying
that there was “no way” the Iron Workers would get this
work.
No unloading of the ship took place on December 27
or 28, 2008. On December 29, 2008, a mediation was
held to try to reach a settlement with Caltrans that would
allow for the unloading of the ship that arrived on De-
cember 26, 2008. After an agreement was reached, the
ship was taken to a general anchorage point in the Bay
on January 1, 2009. Employees represented by the Iron
Workers and the IUOE offloaded the ship from January 1
through January 5. The mediation settlement agreement
did not address how future ships arriving at Pier 7 would
be unloaded.
On January 21, the president of the Iron Workers,
Robert Lux, and the Iron Worker’s business manager,
Emilio Rivera, faxed a letter to the Employer stating:
“Iron Workers Local 378 will take economic action if
any of our work associated with unloading ships or
barges of material for the new Bay Bridge is assigned to
the ILWU or any other union. This work includes any of
the rigging and signaling associated with the unloading
of those ships or barges which are scheduled to come
into the San Francisco Bay and unload material for the
next several years.” The Employer then filed the first of
the instant unfair labor practice charges, on January 26.
On February 18, the Board’s Region 32 filed a petition
under Section 10(l) of the Act in the U.S. District Court
for the Northern District of California seeking an injunc-
tion against the ILWU; the Court granted the injunction
on March 9.
B. Work in Dispute
The parties stipulated that the following work is in dis-
pute:
The line handling, signaling, and rigging, associated
with offloading, of ships and vessels arriving at Pier 7
in Oakland, California, with structural steel supports
and other construction materials for the Bay Bridge
Project.
C. Contentions of the Parties
The Employer stipulates that this 10(k) dispute is
properly before the Board for determination. On the
merits of the dispute, the Employer asserts that the fac-
tors of collective-bargaining agreements, employer pref-
erence and past practice, area and industry practice, rela-
tive skills and training, and economy and efficiency of
operations all favor awarding the disputed work to its
employees represented by the Iron Workers.
The Iron Workers also stipulate that this jurisdictional
dispute is properly before the Board for determination.
On the merits of the dispute, the Iron Workers contend
that the work in dispute should be awarded to the em-
ployees it represents based on the factors of relative
skills and training, employer preference, area practice,
past practice, and economy and efficiency of operations.
At the hearing in this matter, the ILWU took the posi-
tion that the work in dispute should be awarded to the
employees it represents. The ILWU did not file a post-
hearing brief, nor did it present any relevant evidence in
support of its position at the hearing.
D. Applicability of the Statute
Before the Board may proceed with determining a dis-
pute pursuant to Section 10(k) of the Act, there must be
reasonable cause to believe that Section 8(b)(4)(ii)(D)
has been violated. This standard requires finding that
there is reasonable cause to believe that there are compet-
ing claims for the disputed work and that a party has
used proscribed means to enforce its claim to the work in
dispute. Additionally, there must be a finding that the
parties have not agreed on a method for voluntary ad-
justment of the dispute. See, e.g., Operating Engineers
Local 150 (R&D Thiel), 345 NLRB 1137, 1139 (2005).
We find that these requirements have been met.
1. Competing claims for work
We find that there are competing claims for work. The
Iron Workers have at all times claimed the work in dis-
pute for the employees it represents, and these employees
have expected to and were prepared to perform this work
upon the first shipment’s arrival at Pier 7, on December
26, 2008. The ILWU claimed a certain portion of the
IRON WORKERS, LOCAL 378 3
work the Iron Workers expected to perform when ILWU
President Melvin Mackay informed Employer Project
Manager Brian Petersen that the ILWU claimed the work
of offloading the ships docking at Pier 7 with supplies for
the Bay Bridge project, and by the presence of picketers
on the project site bearing signs in support of assignment
of the work to the ILWU.
2. Use of proscribed means
There is also reasonable cause to believe that Section
8(b)(4)(ii)(D) has been violated. It is well established
that a threat of picketing constitutes proscribed means.
See Bricklayers (Cretex Construction Services), 343
NLRB 1030, 1032 (2004). Here, the ILWU threatened to
“shut the port down,” and began picketing the worksite
on the day the work in dispute began. The ongoing pick-
eting led to the shutdown of the project on December 26–
29, 2008. Further, the Iron Workers threatened eco-
nomic action “if any of our work associated with unload-
ing ships or barges of material for the new Bay Bridge is
assigned to the ILWU or any other union” via a letter
faxed to the Employer on January 21. No allegations
have been made that the economic action threat of the
Iron Workers was contrived.
3. No voluntary method for adjustment of dispute
Although the Employer and the ILWU negotiated a
one-time resolution, we find there is no agreed-upon
method for voluntary adjustment of the dispute to which
all parties are bound.
Based on the foregoing, we find that there is reason-
able cause to believe that a violation of Section
8(b)(4)(D) has occurred and that there exists no agreed-
upon method for voluntary adjustment of the dispute
within the meaning of Section 10(k). Accordingly, we
find that the dispute is properly before the Board for de-
termination.
E. Merits of the Dispute
Section 10(k) requires the Board to make an affirma-
tive award of disputed work after considering various
factors. NLRB v. Electrical Workers Local 1212 (Co-
lumbia Broadcasting), 364 U.S. 573 (1961). The Board
has held that its determination in a jurisdictional dispute
is an act of judgment based on common sense and ex-
perience, reached by balancing the factors involved in a
particular case. Machinists Lodge 1743 (J.A. Jones Con-
struction), 135 NLRB 1402 (1962).
The following factors are relevant in making the de-
termination in this dispute.
1. Certification and collective-bargaining agreements
There is no evidence of Board certifications concern-
ing the employees involved in this dispute.
The Employer does not have a collective-bargaining
agreement with the ILWU. The Employer entered into a
project labor agreement with several unions, including
the Iron Workers, for the Bay Bridge project; this project
labor agreement, in turn, incorporates the Caltrans master
agreement with the Iron Workers. The master agreement
includes the following description of work to be per-
formed by employees represented by Iron Workers: “All
work in connection with field fabrication and/or erection
or deconstruction of structural, ornamental, and reinforc-
ing steel, including . . . loading, unloading, hoisting, han-
dling, signaling, placing and erection of all prestressed,
poststressed, precast materials . . . [and] the unloading,
loading, hoisting, handling and rigging of all building
materials delivered to the job site.”
The evidence establishes that the master agreement be-
tween Caltrans and the Iron Workers covers the work in
dispute in this matter. The ILWU has offered no evi-
dence that it is a party to a labor agreement with the Em-
ployer. Accordingly, we find that the project labor
agreement and the master agreement favor an award of
the work in dispute to employees represented by the Iron
Workers.4
2. Employer preference and past practice
The Employer prefers to assign, and has assigned, the
disputed work to employees represented by the Iron
Workers. In the past, the Employer has used employees
represented by the Iron Workers on other bridge con-
struction projects. The Employer has never directly em-
ployed an ILWU member on any project. We find that
these factors favor an award of the disputed work to the
employees represented by the Iron Workers.
3. Area and industry practice
The Iron Workers presented evidence concerning the
area and industry practices. One journeyman iron worker
testified that he had performed rigging work on several
bridge projects in the area, and that this rigging work had
included rigging of large structural steel pieces for
bridges. Another journeyman iron worker testified that
he had performed rigging work, including the lifting of
construction materials from barges, on two previous
bridge projects in the area.
No testimony was provided at the hearing supporting
the existence of an area or industry practice for employ-
ees represented by the ILWU to perform the work of line

4 The Board has recognized that project labor agreements can be
considered in evaluating whether this factor of the analysis favors as-
signment of the disputed work to employees represented by a particular
union. See, e.g., Carpenters Local 623 (E.P. Donnelly, Inc.), 351
NLRB 1417, 1420 (2007).
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD4
handling, signaling, and rigging for bridge projects in the
area.
The evidence presented favors an award of the type of
work in dispute to employees represented by the Iron
Workers.
4. Relative skills
The Iron Workers presented evidence that its members
possess the required skills, training, and experience to
perform the disputed work. The ILWU presented no evi-
dence that the employees it represents possess the re-
quired skills or training in the area of the disputed work.
Accordingly, this factor weighs in favor of awarding the
work to the employees represented by the Iron Workers.
5. Economy and efficiency of operations
The Employer’s project manager testified that it is
more efficient and economical to have employees repre-
sented by the Iron Workers perform the work in dispute.
By assigning the work to Iron Workers-represented em-
ployees, the Employer is able to have the same workers
perform the preparation work and rigging from both the
ships and the barges. Not only does this increase cost
efficiency, but it also increases the portability of the
work force, the consistency of the work force, and the
ease in providing and ensuring safety training to the
work force.
The ILWU provided no evidence that awarding the
work to employees it represents would increase the
economy or efficiency of operations. Consequently, this
factor favors an award of the disputed work to the em-
ployees represented by the Iron Workers.
Conclusion
After considering all the relevant factors, we conclude
that employees represented by the Iron Workers are enti-
tled to perform the work in dispute. We reach this con-
clusion relying on the factors of collective-bargaining
agreements, employer preference and past practice, area
and industry practice, relative skills, and economy and
efficiency of operations.
In making this determination, we are awarding the
work to employees represented by the International As-
sociation of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Rein-
forcing Iron Workers, Local 378, not to that labor or-
ganization or its members. The determination is limited
to the controversy that gave rise to this proceeding.
Determination of Dispute
The National Labor Relations Board makes the follow-
ing Determination of Dispute.
1. Employees of American Bridge/Fluor Enterprises,
Inc., a Joint Venture, represented by the International
Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Rein-
forcing Iron Workers, Local 378, are entitled to perform
the line handling, signaling, and rigging, associated with
offloading of ships and vessels arriving at Pier 7 in Oak-
land, California, with structural steel supports and other
construction materials for the Bay Bridge project.
2. International Longshore and Warehouse Union, Lo-
cal 10, is not entitled by means proscribed by Section
8(b)(4)(D) of the Act to force American Bridge/Fluor
Enterprises, Inc., a Joint Venture, to assign the disputed
work to employees represented by it.
3. Within 14 days from this date, International Long-
shore and Warehouse Union, Local 10, shall notify the
Regional Director for Region 32 in writing whether it
will refrain from forcing the Employer, by means pro-
scribed by Section 8(b)(4)(D), to assign the disputed
work in a manner inconsistent with this determination.
Dated, Washington, D.C. May 21, 2009
______________________________________
Wilma B. Liebman, Chairman
______________________________________
Peter C. Schaumber, Member
(SEAL) NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD