Greyhound Lines

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jul 31, 1984

271 N.L.R.B. 454 (N.L.R.B. 1984)

DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Greyhound Lines, Inc. and Robert P. Evans. Case
27-CA-7021
31 July 1984
DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS ZIMMERMAN, HUNTER, AND
DENNIS
On 2 August 1982 Administrative Law Judge
David G. Heilbrun issued the attached decision.
The Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting
brief, and the General Counsel filed an answering
brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegat-
ed its authority in this proceeding to a three-
member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the
record in light of the exceptions and briefs and has
decided to affirm the judge's rulings, findings,' and
conclusions 2 only to the extent consistent with this
Decision and Order.
The judge found that the Respondent had violat-
ed Section 8(a)(1) of the Act when it discharged
Robert P. Evans on 3 September 19803 for "pro-
tectedly expressing common employee concerns to
the United States Department of Transportation
[DOT] regarding [the Respondent's] bus scheduling
policies...." Although the judge credited the Re-
spondent's witnesses in a few of the critical situa-
tions and found that the Respondent "was present-
ed with cause for discipline" of Evans for certain
22 August misconduct described below, the judge
viewed the discharge of Evans as too drastic a
punishment. The judge concluded that the Re-
spondent would not have discharged Evans but for
his DOT complaint, which had been found merito-
rious and had required immediate corrective action
by the Respondent. In so concluding, the judge
contrasted Evans' situation with those of cowork-
ers Hall and Kooima, who purportedly committed
similar infractions, but who were dealt with by the
Respondent less severely.
The Respondent has excepted to the judge's con-
clusion, reasserting the same reasons for Evans' dis-
charge it presented to the judge. The Respondent
I The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge's credibility find-
ings. The Board's established policy is not to overrule an administrative
law judge's credibility resolutions unless the clear preponderance of all
the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect. Standard Dry
Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362 (3d Cir. 1951).
We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing
the findings.
2 In his decision, at fn. 7, the judge rejected the General Counsel's al-
ternate theory for an 8(a)(1) violation premised on Charging Party
Evans' alleged attempts to enforce provisions of a collective-bargaining
agreement. Since no exceptions were taken, the judge's rejection of the
General Counsel's alternate theory is not on review before the Board
:' All dates are in 1980 unless otherwise indicated.
271 NLRB No. 72
points out that Evans' insubordinate conduct on 22
August of feigning sickness to escape an unwanted
work assignment, viewed in the context of a nonex-
emplary 3-year work record, adequately provides
justification for discharge in Evans' case. The Re-
spondent indicates that, contrary to the judge,
there was no attempt to tag Evans with whatever
misbehavior it could find against him following his
DOT complaint. Rather, the Respondent contends
that, after submission of his DOT complaint, Evans
engaged in a developing pattern of insubordinate
acts. The Respondent further contends that Evans'
actions of 22 August were dissimilar from, and
more egregious than, the conduct of drivers Hall
and Kooima, referred to by the judge, so as to
warrant imposing harsher punishment on Evans.
We find merit in the Respondent's exceptions.
Contrary to the judge, we find for the reasons dis-
cussed below that Evans' discharge was lawful and
that the Respondent has met its burden under the
allocation of the burden of proof set forth in
Wright Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662
F.2d 899 (Ist Cir. 1981), cert. denied 455 U.S. 989
(1982), approved by the Supreme Court in NLRB
v. Transportation Management Corp., 462 U.S. 393
(1983). 4
Evans worked as a relief driver for the Respond-
ent out of its Cheyenne, Wyoming terminal from
1974 until his discharge of 3 September. On 8
May5 Evans gave the Respondent a copy of a
complaint letter addressed to DOT and dated 1
May. Prepared by Evans with the help of fellow
driver Kooima, the DOT letter principally con-
cerned a complaint about the Respondent's sched-
uling of drivers for a round trip assignment be-
tween Cheyenne and Rock Springs, Wyoming,
without the required rest for the drivers. The com-
plaint was that the Cheyenne-Rock Springs round
trip assignment actually required more driving time
than the 10 hours permitted by DOT regulations.
The DOT letter was not the first time this com-
plaint was brought to the Respondent's attention.
The Respondent was aware that several employees
shared this concern of Evans, and that Evans him-
self first raised this complaint at a company meet-
ing for employees held by the Respondent in 1978
for which Evans was orally commended.
4 We find that, assuming the General Counsel established a prima facie
case that Evans' discharge violated the Act, the Respondent demonstlrat-
ed that it would have discharged Evans even in the absence of any pro-
tected activity. Member Zimmerman finds Evans' DOT letter to consti-
tute protected concerted activity in accord with his position taken in
Meyers Industries, 268 NLRB 493 (1984). In view of the disposition of the
case herein, we find it unnecessary to pass on this issue regarding the
DOT letter
' The judge incorrectly referred to "1 May" instead of "8 May" as the
date of submission of the DOT letter to the Respondent's District Manag-
er Goins
454
GREYHOUND LINES
The DOT investigation, which followed Evans'
letter and commenced 13 May, substantiated the
complaint about the round trip Cheyenne-Rock
Springs assignment as being in noncompliance with
DOT regulations. By letter dated 9 July, DOT in-
formed the Respondent of its investigation results
and directed immediate corrective action from the
Respondent to comply with DOT regulations. In
response, the Respondent discontinued its dispatch
of drivers for the round trip assignment and noti-
fied DOT of such action by letter dated 15 August.
Prior to 15 August, the Respondent altered its pro-
cedure somewhat by permitting drivers assigned to
the Cheyenne-Rock Springs round trip run to be
relieved before completion of the entire assignment
if otherwise they would exceed the driving time
limits of DOT regulations.
On 22 August, Evans was involved in the inci-
dent which the Respondent claimed precipitated
his discharge. Evans was in North Platte, Nebras-
ka, after having completed an assignment terminat-
ing there very early that day. About 11 p.m. on 22
August, an Omaha dispatcher contacted Evans and
told him to report to the depot in about an hour to
take an assignment to Omaha. With Evans at the
time was employee Kooima, who had completed a
run to North Platte earlier that day. Both Evans
and Kooima were waiting in North Platte for their
next work assignment. On learning the designation
of the trip-to Omaha rather than home to Chey-
enne-Evans feigned sickness and told the dis-
patcher that he was "dropping sick," which would
get him out of the Omaha assignment. The dis-
patcher suspected Evans was not ill so she asked
Evans if he was well enough to drive to Cheyenne,
a distance from North Platte approximately equal
to the distance between North Platte and Omaha.
Evans answered affirmatively. In view of Evans'
affirmative response, which confirmed her earlier
suspicions about Evans, the dispatcher gave him a
direct order to report to the North Platte terminal,
which he refused. The dispatcher then directed
Evans to "cushion home," that is, ride as a passen-
ger on the next available bus back to Cheyenne.
Afterwards, the Omaha dispatcher first tried to
contact Kooima and, when he could not be
reached, she contacted Daubert, another relief
driver waiting for an assignment out of North
Platte. Kooima and Daubert were next in line for
assignment after Evans. Daubert took the Omaha
assignment refused by Evans.
In the meantime, Evans, with Kooima, proceed-
ed to the North Platte terminal to see when Evans
could cushion home as just directed by the Omaha
dispatcher. On their way, they saw Daubert and
learned that he took the Omaha assignment reject-
ed by Evans. Evans laughed at Daubert for accept-
ing the Omaha assignment, pointing out to Daubert
that he should take his own measures to prevent
being sent on unwanted work assignments.
The Omaha dispatcher reported the events of 22
August to the Respondent. Thereafter, the Re-
spondent investigated the matter, including inter-
viewing Evans, Kooima, and Daubert. Daubert
told Goins of Evans' remarks. As a result of its in-
vestigation, the Respondent concluded Evans' pur-
ported sickness was a subterfuge to get out of the
Omaha assignment and that Kooima had made him-
self unavailable to receive the Omaha assignment.
Kooima had remained with Evans in the latter's
motel room and made no attempt to notify the Re-
spondent of his whereabouts, even though he knew
that he was after Evans on the driver call-out list.
Evans was discharged, while Kooima received a
15-day suspension. According to the Respondent,
Evans received the stiffer punishment because he
actually had refused a direct order from the Re-
spondent and the Respondent viewed this insubor-
dination in the context of his work record of the
past 3 years.
In its deliberations over the 22 August incident,
the Respondent compiled a list of 10 infractions
committed by Evans in the 3 years preceding his
discharge as reflected by Evans' personnel file.
From this list, it can be observed that Evans re-
ceived four disciplinary citations within the last 4
months of his employment. On 5 June, Evans re-
ceived a 10-day suspension for an admitted speed
and log violation occurring on 29 April. For a 5-
hour-plus trip from Rock Springs to Cheyenne,
Evans had deliberately reported in his log that he
had actually made the trip in 4 hours, meaning that
he would have to have had exceeded the speed
limit by driving 64 miles per hour. On 7 July,
Evans was instructed, reprimanded, and cautioned
for failure to have his daily log up to date on 21
June in accordance with DOT regulations and
company rules. On that occasion, Evans had driven
from Cheyenne to Rock Springs and was on his
way back to Cheyenne when he supposedly "ran
out of driving time." Evans had supposedly
reached the 10-hour limit prescribed by DOT and
could not lawfully drive any further. Evans had
not apprised the Respondent that he would be so
close to the maximum allowable time limit before
he left Rock Springs as the Respondent previously
had instructed. Instead, he waited until he had
started back from Rock Springs, necessitating the
Respondent's having to meet Evans en route at
Laramie at his bus to replace him with a fresh
driver. When District Manager Goins met Evans at
his bus that day with a fresh driver, Goins immedi-
455
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
ately demanded to see Evans' log. However,
Evans' log was not up to date and did not show his
departure time from Rock Springs to verify his
driving time. Then, on 27 and 29 August, after
having previously been instructed on 6 August,
Evans received two written warnings for posting a
numberplate, instead of the required nameplate, in
his bus while on assignment. To the second of
these reprimands was added a 4-day suspension
which was never served because he was discharged
for the 22 August incident a few days later before
the 29 August discipline could be given to him.
The Respondent contended that Evans' conduct
over the 4 months prior to his discharge showed a
developing pattern of insubordination.
The General Counsel has not alleged that these
instances of discipline of Evans, which came after
his DOT complaint, are themselves violative of
Section 8(a)(l) of the Act. We therefore do not
reach that issue. The General Counsel does claim
that they do not form a convincing justification for
a discharge having to do with a "past unacceptable
work record." Moreover, the General Counsel
cites, as did the judge, the cases of two drivers,
Hall and Kooima, who testified they had refused
trips from the dispatcher without being fired or, in
one instance, even suspended, as evidence that
Evans was treated differently because of his DOT
complaint. We do not agree with the General
Counsel and the judge on either of these points.
With respect to the 5 June 10-day suspension, we
note that Evans deliberately violated a well-recog-
nized company rule against speeding. This was the
third speeding citation from the Respondent to
Evans in the prior 12 months. Evans' other two
speeding citations, for which he was instructed,
cautioned, and reprimanded, were given long
before Evans submitted his DOT letter on 8 May.
Contrary to the judge, we do not find that suspen-
sion of an employee for his third speeding infrac-
tion is suspect. Nor do we regard the lag between
this infraction and the administration of the disci-
pline as indicative of an illegal motive, as the judge
implied, since the offense actually occurred a week
before the DOT letter was submitted to the Re-
spondent. In reviewing Evans' other post-DOT
complaint discipline and a 1979 incident, we find
the same sort of time lag between offense and disci-
pline being given. In addition, the 5 June suspen-
sion was also for Evans' failure to submit logs in a
timely fashion, which would explain some of the
delay on the part of the Respondent in this matter.
Contrary to the General Counsel, we do not
view the discipline for the 21 June incomplete log-
book incident as an attempt on the part of the Re-
spondent to pad Evans' personnel file because of
the DOT complaint. According to Evans, this was
the only time that he was asked to show his log-
book to District Manager Goins, even though this
was one of the 6 to 12 occasions on which Goins
had to meet Evans en route to Cheyenne out of
Rock Springs. Evans' admitted practice was not to
bring his log up to date until after completion of
his run so, if Goins were trying to snare Evans, he
missed many opportunities to do so to build a case
against Evans. As recognized by the judge, Evans
was playing games with Goins in calling for mid-
trip driver relief on the trip back to Cheyenne from
Rock Springs. We infer that any possible overreac-
tion on Goins' part regarding the logbook was re-
lated to this games-playing rather than to the DOT
complaint.
The nameplate infraction committed by Evans
resulted in written reprimands and a suspension-
all of which was superseded by the 22 August inci-
dent for which he was discharged. These discipli-
nary actions, as part of Evans' personnel file, are
indicative of what the Respondent viewed, and we
tend to agree, as a developing pattern of insubordi-
nate conduct by Evans. Evans had been earlier in-
structed to abide by company policy and post his
nameplate on his bus while on duty. Evans had a
numberplate, which he had made, posted instead.
Evans ignored the Respondent's instructions and
continued to post his numberplate in his bus. His
explanations for doing so were found unacceptable
by the judge and we concur with the judge's con-
clusion.
Apart from finding Evans' work record as a suf-
ficient basis for discharge, we also find no disparate
treatment in the handling of Evans as opposed to
his coworkers Hall and Kooima when they
dropped sick in April and July, respectively.
Unlike Evans, Hall and Kooima did not refuse a
direct order, unquestionably designated as such by
the dispatcher, to come take a job. When Hall and
Kooima dropped sick, they did not state they
would take a route in one direction, if it were
home, but not in another direction even though ap-
proximately the same number of miles were in-
volved. As opposed to Evans, Hall and Kooima
did not coach another driver on how to get rid of
unwanted work assignments. Here, the Respondent
was faced with the situation of Evans attempting to
coach and even coaching his coworkers on how to
pick and choose assignments, which would jeop-
ardize the Respondent's driver call-out operations.
Unlike Evans, when Kooima received his 10-day
suspension for the July incident in Denver, Kooima
did not have any previous infractions within the
past 12 months on his record at the time. With re-
spect to Hall, there is no indication from the
456
GREYHOUND LINES
record evidence that he had any previous infrac-
tions on his work record at the time of the April
incident when he was reprimanded for foul lan-
guage to his supervisor. Actually, Hall did receive
two reprimands for refusing trips by dropping sick
on two other occasions.
Accordingly, we shall dismiss the complaint in
its entirety.
ORDER
The complaint is dismissed.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
DAVID G. HEILBRUN, Administrative Law Judge. This
case was heard at Cheyenne, Wyoming, on February 23
and 24, 1982, based on a complaint alleging that Grey-
hound Lines, Inc., called Respondent, violated Section
8(aX1) of the Act by terminating the employment of
Robert P. Evans because of his having engaged in pro-
tected concerted activities of expressing employee con-
cerns to the United States Department of Transportation,
and attempting to enforce and utilize provisions of the
applicable collective-bargaining agreement between Re-
spondent and Amalgamated Transit Union, Division 126,
called the Union.
On the entire record, my observation of witnesses and
consideration of posthearing briefs, I make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT AND RESULTANT CONCLUSION
OF LAW
From 1974 until being terminated on September 3,
1980, Evans was an extraboard driver attached for prac-
tically all that time span to the Cheyenne district while
maintaining a personal domicile in Denver. Major seg-
ments of transcontinental bus service in this vicinity in-
cluded east-west schedules between Cheyenne-Rock
Springs, Cheyenne-North Platte, and the North Platte-
Omaha continuation. Cheyenne south to Denver was an-
other heavily traveled corridor. Approximately 125 driv-
ers operated out of Cheyenne, with a highly structured
labor contract pertaining to their work and applicable in-
dustry governance stemming from statutory and regula-
tory authority of the U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT). Their earnings were tied directly to the number
of miles actually driven as the operator on a scheduled
bus run, or duplicate run (section) needed for extra pas-
sengers. Oliver Goins Jr. had become district manager in
April 1980, heading a superintending group in which
James Russell was his assistant and four operations man-
agers functioned primarily to fulfill dispatching needs as
these would match drivers and equipment to customer
load. Goins reported to regional official Jack Haugsland,
who was in turn under Regional Vice President James
Nenow. '
I Respondent maintains its principal office and place of business at
Greyhound Tower in Phoenix, Arizona, and is engaged nationwide in
furnishing interstate transportation of passengers and freight, annually de-
riving gross revenue in excess of $50,000. Harry Freeman, a driver
Business is seasonably higher during summer months,
yet generally Respondent runs about 10 daily bus trips in
each direction between the points 4 hours and 50 min-
utes, some stopped at the intervening cities of Rawlins
and Laramie on a 5-hour schedule, and some operated
locally off the interstate highway on an allotted time
close to 6 hours. Most of the Cheyenne-based drivers
handled nonlocal Rock Springs service by "hot-
turn[ing]" it on the basis of driving the 256 miles west to
Rock Springs, then returning a schedule to Cheyenne in
compliance with DOT regulations that limit driving time
to 10 hours within any 24-hour period unless 8 hours'
rest has intervened.
As a practical matter this requirement was not precise-
ly met, for those involved were tacitly aware that the
Rock Springs-Cheyenne run was marginal as to DOT
compliance when drivers "hot-turned." Evans testified
flatly that it could not be done, while Freeman had
closely established the trip as 5 hours and 3 minutes in
duration. Goins, whose testimony will be commented on
in general below, insisted that the principal through runs
were completable in just 5 hours each way. The entire
matter of expectable length of time for this trip associates
largely to the present-day 44 mph speed limit, and the
vagaries of mountain driving both from standpoints of
weather and pulling up grades.
Commencing about 4 years ago Evans began a prac-
tice of not attempting to hot-turn the Cheyenne-Rock
Springs/Rock Springs-Cheyenne schedule. This was
achieved by simply "declar[ing]" a rest entitlement
whereby he stayed over at Rock Springs for at least 8
hours and then returned to contention for a driving as-
signment back to Cheyenne. 2 He was, however, long a
critic of the hot-turning practice between these points.
He believed that it tended to compromise safety both be-
cause high and unlawful speeds were needed to conform
with bus timetables, and that drivers so engaged (of
which most in the Cheyenne district did) were flirting
with the likelihood of subtle fatigue factors. Additional-
ly, Evans had become active in two national organiza-
tions. One urged that drivers such as Greyhound's be
equipped with citizens-band radios, and the other was a
dissident association formed from the ranks of Grey-
hound drivers as the Association of Concerned Employ-
ees, Inc. (ACE). Aims of ACE were such that it was
generally viewed as a force opposed to policies of both
Respondent and the Union, to the extent that these
would dovetail or harmonize.
On April 29, 1980, Evans deliberately hot-turned the
Rock Springs-Cheyenne run and submitted a driver's log
for the return segment indicating he had traveled the
256-mile distance in 4 hours. Before any reaction to this
manifested he prepared and submitted a letter dated May
1, 1980, to DOT, which set forth several complaints of
having 18 years' service with Respondent, was at all material times chair-
man of the Union's Cheyenne division. In light of these admitted or evi-
dent facts, and the settled collective-bargaining relationship between the
parties, I find that Respondent is an employer engaged in commerce
within the meaning of Sec. 2(6) and (7) of the Act, and otherwise that the
Union is a labor organization within the meaning of Sec. 2(5).
2 DOT regulations forbid the operation of a motor vehicle by a person
who is ill or fatigued. 49 C.F.R. § 392.3.
457
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
"flagrant disregard" by Greyhound, instancing his com-
munication with the Cheyenne-Rock Springs schedule as
impossible to fulfill within the allotted 5-hour driving
time. He received ghost writing assistance in composition
from Lyle Kooima, another Cheyenne-based driver who
was also known as having dissident leanings and ACE
membership. On the date this letter bore, Evans hand-de-
livered one of the several distribution copies to Goins in
the latter's Cheyenne office. 3
In consequence of this, DOT representatives met with
Goins on May 13 about the Evans complaint, and pro-
jected the tone of an investigation to him. The essence
was to soon start riding the Cheyenne-Rock Springs
schedules, after first notifying Greyhound so that a par-
ticular bus to be boarded was mechanically sound. Goins
was also advised that their primary objective was to as-
certain whether this passage was truly pullable by no
more than 10 hours of driving. Goins messaged the high-
lights of this meeting to his superiors, and true to their
word DOT followed up with investigation. The upshot
here was a letter dated July 9 written to Respondent's
Phoenix-based senior safety-director, in which the find-
ings of a round trip ride undertaken by a DOT represent-
ative on May 15 showed the 512-mile trip required 10
hours and 12 minutes driving time with posted speed
limits being exceeded over a total of 8 miles. The letter
requested remedial action and advice of same to DOT.
After an intervening written acknowledgment, Respond-
ent's safety official advised DOT by letter dated August
15 of a decision to no longer dispatch drivers on a
round-trip basis for the Cheyenne-Rock Springs run
without their obtaining "required rest." On the apparent
basis of earlier internal advice, Goins had posted a notice
to all drivers of his district on August 14. It read:
Due to the road construction, we have been in-
structed to cease the practice of turning Rock
Springs without securing 8 hours rest.
This is effective immediately. Therefore, all oper-
ators are hereby requested to contact dispatch upon
arrival in Rock Springs, giving them the exact time
of arrival.
Thank you for your cooperation and support in
this area.
As these dynamics transpired over the summer
months, Evans had remaneuvered by deciding to hot-
turn at Rock Springs even "knowing that it couldn't be
done." The result of such a gambit was that at some
point in or east of Laramie Evans would run out of legal
driving time, and, having communicated ahead, would be
met by a relief driver cushioned westward from Chey-
enne, or perhaps even Goins himself when logistics so
required. On the estimated 6 to 12 occasions that Goins
and Evans rode back into Cheyenne after such spelling, a
conflict of testimony is present as to what discussion
passed between the two men. Evans recalled being asked
repeatedly why he was "rocking the boat" or "doing this
sort of thing." Evans added being told to reflect on why
3 All dates and named months hereafter are in 1980, unless shown oth-
erwise.
he even kept the job if he did not like it, and that on one
occasion Goins seemingly became exasperated when a
tape recorder failed to function. Goins denied all such or
similar comment, denied ever attempting to tape-record
one of the conversations, and recalled only that a par-
ticular topic was about the Bible.
The precipitating incident in this case arose on August
22. Evans had arrived in North Platte at an early morn-
ing hour, entered the hotel used by Greyhound drivers,
and retired, having had some stomach problems through-
out the working day just ending. After a full night's
sleep Evans arose and was joined around noontime by
Kooima, who had just driven a bus that far. Still togeth-
er around 6 p.m. they had checked the station log and
Evans concluded from this that he stood a chance of
pulling a westbound schedule about 12 hours later. They
ate, returned to Evans' room, and were still together
when he was telephoned at 11 p.m. Evans testified that
the caller identified herself as Joyce Judd, an Omaha dis-
patcher, who said that she needed him "to show" an
hour later. Evans said he had not actually been feeling
well and should now be dropped sick. This prompted
Judd to ask why he had not called the condition earlier,
and Evans explained that he had found "no work show-
ing" and anticipated sufficient recovery with another
night's sleep. Judd then voiced a "direct order" that he
show, but Evans parried this by reiterating his election
to drop sick, mentioning in the process that he had a wit-
ness to the conversation. She then classified him as cush-
ioning home on his own, which Evans conceded was his
immediate course of action. Kooima corroborated that
Evans had not, during his conversation with Judd, in-
quired about the destination of the work for which she
wanted him to show.
Judd's version is that she simply reached Evans and
identified herself as "Greyhound" calling, to which
Evans paused and then asked what the work would be.
She said it was an Omaha run and after another hesita-
tion Evans asked to be dropped sick. Upon this Judd as-
sertedly asked if he were well enough to drive to Chey-
enne and Evans affirmed on this. The foundation having
thus been laid, Judd conveyed a direct order that Evans
shortly drive to Omaha. On his disclaiming the refusal to
obey a direct order because of suddenly reported illness,
she told him to cushion home. Omaha dispatcher Donald
Lein had been motioned onto an extension phone by
Judd as her conversation with Evans progressed, and he
testified to hearing Judd tantalize with the Cheyenne bait
which seemed palatable enough to Evans. Both Judd and
Lein soon memorialized their respective involvements in
the telephone conversation, and the entire matter
reached Goins as an ostensible act of insubordination.
On August 26 Goins interviewed Evans about the
matter with both Russell and Freeman present. Goins
and Freeman both testified that Evans admitted having
told Judd that he was well enough that night to work a
Cheyenne-bound schedule but not one to Omaha. Evans
denied making such an admission while Russell, whose
file memo on the interview does not so allude, also testi-
fied to Evans' "indication" of having felt good enough to
go to Cheyenne on the night in question. Following this
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GREYHOUND LINES
Goins reviewed personnel records and extracted 10 in-
fractions of the past 3 years including 2 fresh ones of late
August rendered by Goins himself for nameplate viola-
tions. On September 3 Goins reached Evans by tele-
phone at the latter's Denver residence from which he
was in the process of moving, and attempted inveigle-
ment of him into the station. Evans dodged this but
before the day was out Cheyenne dispatcher John
McKnight also contacted Evans, and emphatically re-
quested that he handle a run. Evans agreed, arriving at
Cheyenne station from Denver that evening where
Goins awaited him. A termination notice based on insub-
ordination coupled with a past unsatisfactory work
record was delivered to Evans, who did not stay long
enough to actually receive the two reprimands for not
having a nameplate posted while operating his bus.4
As evidently it is, both parties have briefed this matter
as a pretext case. The General Counsel argues that dis-
parate treatment is sufficiently shown from collateral
facts, while Respondent insists that an applicable "case-
by-case" approach to discipline revealed a temperate,
nondiscriminatory decision by Goins. The resolution of
credibility is critical here, for certain subtleties are
present in the entire assignment and performance process
whereby Greyhound busdrivers function in such highly
visible manners to both supervisory hierarchy and the
traveling public. I am not fully satisfied with Evans'
candor, and although much of his testimony is believable
I discount it in certain particular aspects. More signifi-
cantly, I am impelled to heavily discredit Goins. His de-
meanor leads to this conclusion, coupled with a tendency
to contrive explanations and unpersuasively shift his
recollections on closer questioning. The witnesses fully
credited are Judd, Lein, Russell and, on points not as yet
described, drivers William Hall and Donald Daubert. In
the process of assessing testimony I also have doubts
about Kooima, who appeared all too eager to back up
Evans' contentions and who exuded a mild disregard for
truth.
The vital episode of August 22 must be viewed in light
of testimony from Hall and Daubert. The former, an 8-
year Greyhound employee with stationing in Cheyenne
since 1977, testified that in April 1980 he had dropped
sick when a dispatcher had sought him to forge on to
Omaha after being 15 hours in North Platte. There had
been several occasions prior to this when Hall avoided
such an eastward run by dropping sick and simply cush-
ioning back to Cheyenne. He testified that respecting the
particular April incident he had protested this require-
ment to a Denver dispatcher by immediately telephoning
that person and angrily asking to be excused from the
4 The first of these was based on Goins' observation of August 26 and
constituted a severe reprimand for attempting to drive with only an em-
ployee nameplate positioned for passengers to see. This action, styled a
"P-120" as commonly used by Greyhound for all types of personnel en-
tries, also alluded to a still earlier instructional reminder on the problem
dated August 6. The second P-120 available at the time of termination
was dated August 28 and charged "willful disobedience" of the name-
plate rule, assessing a 4-day suspension for the infraction This more strin-
gent discipline was academic both because Evans was engaged in his
home closing during the suspension period of August 30- September 3.
and because the action of terminating him superseded the lesser discipline
except as a part of his personnel record by Goins' viewe of things
aegis of Omaha. When Denver gave him only sympathy
Hall fumed out a profanity and cushioned back, earning
a reprimand from Goins in the process for ultimately
couching nonacceptance of the work as being sick with a
toothache.
Daubert was the driver who actually took the mid-
night run to Omaha on what actually fell as early morn-
ing hours of August 23. He credibly testified to having
been unexpectedly called for the assignment, unexpected-
ly in the sense that he had been below both Evans and
Kooima on the assignment board until abruptly reached
by Omaha dispatch. 5 In the course of these dynamics,
Evans had taunted Daubert about consenting to the un-
welcome eventuality, pointing out that clever self-help
could have avoided it. Daubert later reported the gist of
these remarks to Goins, when the latter requested infor-
mation about what might have been said to him that
night. The protagonists in this case, Evans and Goins,
were clearly locked in a cheerless form of cross-aggrava-
tion. However it is only Goins' principal that is on trial,
and this must be emphasized regardless of provocations
shown. Further Evans did, for the most part, hew to a
careful line in pressing his beliefs. The general past em-
ployment record upon which Goins seized is essentially
not alarming. In the span of late 1978-late 1979 Evans
had been reprimanded for several rather routine infrac-
tions concerning a miss-out, dereliction in preparing
daily logs, and two speeding violations. To the extent
that Kooima is creditable, the miss-out and the log viola-
tions were inconsequential, while speeding by drivers is
simply a regrettable fact of life on this job many times.
Another infraction during this same period related to cit-
izen-band radios, and as to this Evans was both known
as a strong supporter of CB use and the matter was quite
stale.
There is thus a rather weak basis on which to postu-
late serious discipline against Evans, and the remainder
of his record and its handling by Goins begin to show a
suspicious overreaction. First, a P-120 embodying 10
days' suspension in June was based on Evans' deliberate
challenge to the Cheyenne-Rock Springs run as done and
recorded on April 29. Goins did not satisfactorily explain
the long delay in rendering such discipline, and this
oddity must be noted in light of what was shown as his
definite distaste for the DOT complaint. Secondly, there
was no attempt to balance a review of Evans' past
record by at least conceding existence of Russell's letter
of appreciation dated December 21, 1979.6 The three
final items of discipline, one of them relating to a log
violation and the remaining two concerning nameplates,
are contaminated by Goins' credibly shown animus
toward Evans arising from existence of the DOT com-
5 Following the 11:10 p.m. call to Evans. Judd had unsuccessfully tried
to contact Kooima. who was of course sheltered by his enscouncement in
Evans' hotel room. Kooima was declared a "miss-out." meaning inexecu-
sably not within reach on this occasion, From this the assignment filtered
to Daubert, and Kooima absorbed a 15-day suspension for the episode.
I I give no weight to the entry of a "good" attitude on Evans' part
when counseled by Russell early in 1980 about prompt reporting of ill-
ness when away from Cheyenne, or the commendatory personnel record
entries of 1975-1976. The former item has little materiality to issues here.
and the earlier writings are too remote.
459
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
plaint. In this regard I credit the testimony of Evans and
Kooima, and find that Goins deliberately contrived a P-
120 on June 21 wherein hypertechnical and unrealistic
standards were applied to the currency of a driver log
which Evans could not realistically have been expected
to have current to the hour. It must be remembered that
this event arose in the course of the several occasions on
which Evans was unceremoniously relieved just short of
his returning Cheyenne destination, and regardless of the
exasperations this might have triggered it was fundamen-
tally something that was rooted in Respondent's errone-
ous design of that route. I am satisfied that Goins was
incapable of segregating his unlawful dismay about, on
the one hand, Evans' gadfly-like aggravations that most
other drivers were content to scorn, and his entitlement
to have acted for concerted purposes through the com-
plaint to DOT on the other hand.
In this general context I return to the night of August
22, and find that as credibly testified Judd did not initial-
ly identify the source of her call but only that she was
routinely focusing on Evans as the person viewed by
configurations of that moment as the individual next up
to drive. In keeping with his demonstrated unwillingness
to sincerely comply with ordinary expectations of the
work setting,? he momentarily bobbed and weaved, then
floated the trial notion of possibly earning income for the
time to be spent in a Cheyenne return, and finally, when
fully spotlighted by Judd's "direct order," escaped into
the sanctuary of supposed illness as a final ploy in avoid-
ing the hated assignment onward to Omaha. This finding
is expressly based on crediting Lein's corroborative testi-
mony, and on the recollection of Daubert who grum-
blingly accepted elevation to driver coverage that night.
Respondent thus was presented with cause for discipline;
however, Goins' action in making it outright discharge
was unlawfully motivated based on my view of the evi-
dence as a whole. The particular indicators of actionable
disparate treatment are that Hall had, in the same general
time span, been more lightly disciplined for an even
I I shall conclude that the alternate theory of the General Counsel's
complaint, assertively seeking to enforce provisions of a collective-bar-
gaining agreement, is based on subterfuge by Evans and is thus not a suc-
cessful basis on which to further contend that a violation has occurred.
The provision in question was a certain article CNS-80 of the ATU con-
tract, in which an operator "book[ingl-off due to sickness" was entitled
to transportation home followed by 12 hours' removal from the extra-
board.
s This refers to what was actually troublesome cuteness in contriving
not to finish his Cheyenne returns from April onward, and puerile expla-
nations for why he could not arrange to consistently mount a nameplate
as has been readily done by practically all other drivers.
more fractious gambit, and Kooima's extensive discipli-
nary record tends to persuade that Goins was aiming
only for Evans.g The balance of things is critically
tipped by accepting Evans' testimony that Goins had an-
grily challenged his invocation of DOT, and I find that
resolution of the matter a scant week or so before the
supposedly dischargeable offense was personally rankling
to Goins both as a reflection on his managerial integrity
and as a cost factor to his district's operations. I credit
Evans' important testimony that he did not, as contrarily
claimed, admit to past gamesmanship during the August
26 interview by Goins. In this I discredit Goins, Russell,
and Freeman, but find that Russell's contemporaneous
written minutes of the meeting is significant in its silence
on such a point. This results in an ultimate showing that
Respondent, by Goins as its key agent, would not have
discharged Evans but for his having been instrumental in
successfully invoking DOT agreement to what he had so
long criticized about the Rock Springs run.
I have considered the institutional background aspect
of things, noting that in the recent past Greyhound has
been held in violation of the Act only on one occasion. '
This is Greyhound Lines, 251 NLRB 1638 (1980), in
which concerted behavior of publicity and job actions
relating to the national 55 mph speed limit resulted in a
finding of violation as to discipline taken. On appeal, a
fair characterization of the court's action was that the
Board's holding in that recent Greyhound case won only
reluctant enforcement. NLRB v. Greyhound Lines, 660
F.2d 354 (8th Cir. 1981). There can be many variables in
why a major employer is essentially free of significant
labor law violation; however, suffice it that this case is
formidably a specific fact situation with human foibles
contributing greatly to the holding that I make.
Accordingly, I render a conclusion of law that Re-
spondent, by discharging Evans because of protectedly
expressing common employee concerns to the United
States Department of Transportation regarding bus
scheduling policies, has engaged in unfair labor practices
within the meaning of Section 8(aX1) and Section 2(6)
and (7) of the Act.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]
I I discredit the testimony of the General Counsel's confused and un-
impressive-seeming witness Dale Owens, and thus decline to find that
some nameless dispatcher had predicted Evans' firing by a passing
remark in late August.
'o A proceeding based on claim of violation of the doctrine of NLRB
v. J. Weingarten, 420 U.S. 251 (1975), and coincidently dealing with CB
radio usage, was found to be without merit. Greyhound Lines, 239 NLRB
849 (1978).
460