G. T. Knight Co.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Dec 28, 1983

268 N.L.R.B. 468 (N.L.R.B. 1983)

DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
G. T. Knight Company, Incorporated and Oregon,
Southern Idaho, Wyoming & Utah, District
Council of Laborers, Laborers' International
Union of North America, AFL-CIO. Case 36-
CA-3953
28 December 1983
SUPPLEMENTAL DECISION AND
ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN DOTSON AND MEMBERS
ZIMMERMAN AND HUNTER
On 25 August 1983 Administrative Law Judge
Richard D. Taplitz issued the attached decision.
The General Counsel filed exceptions and a sup-
porting brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegat-
ed its authority in this proceeding to a three-
member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the
record in light of the exceptions and brief and has
decided to affirm the judge's rulings, findings, and
conclusions and to adopt the recommended Order.
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the
recommended Order of the administrative law
judge and orders that the Respondent, G. T.
Knight Company, Incorporated, Lake Oswego,
Oregon, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns,
shall take the action set forth in the Order.
SUPPLEMENTAL DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
RICHARD D. TAPLITZ, Administrative Law Judge:
This supplemental proceeding was heard at Portland,
Oregon, on June 15, 1983. A second amended backpay
specification dated April 21, 1983, from which certain
provisions were stricken upon motion of the General
Counsel at the hearing, was predicated on a Decision
and Order of the Board dated June 21, 1982 (262 NLRB
328).' By stipulation dated October 12, 1982, Respondent
stated that it would not appeal the Board's Order and
agreed that the Regional Director might issue a backpay
specification. It was further agreed that in the event judi-
cial proceedings were necessary to enforce or review the
Board's backpay determination, the only issue before the
court would be the validity of the Board's backpay de-
termination.
Upon the entire record 2 and from my observation of
the witnesses, I make the following
I That decision and order was a summary judgment upon Respondent's
failure to file an answer to the complaint.
2 Errors in the transcript have been noted and corrected.
268 NLRB No. 70
FINDINGS OF FACT
A. The Board's Decision and Order, the Failure to
File a Timely Answer to the Second Amended
Backpay Specification, and the Motion for Summary
Judgment
In its Decision and Order the Board found, inter alia,
that G. T. Knight Company, Incorporated (Respondent)
violated Section 8(a)(5) and (1) of the Act by ceasing to
make monetary contributions to health and welfare, pen-
sion, training, construction industry advancement fund,
and vacation funds required by its contract with Oregon,
Southern Idaho, Wyoming & Utah, District Council of
Laborers, Laborers' International Union of North Amer-
ica, AFL-CIO (the Union). As part of the remedy the
Board ordered Respondent to pay all contributions to
the trust funds as provided in the contract which would
have been paid absent Respondent's unlawful discontinu-
ance of such payments. With regard to the payment of
interest the Board held:
Because the provisions of employee benefit fund
agreements are variable and complex, the' Board
does not provide at the adjudicatory stage of a pro-
ceeding the addition of interest at a fixed rate on
unlawfully withheld fund payments. We leave to
the compliance stage the question whether Re-
spondent must pay any additional amounts into the
benefit funds in order to satisfy our "make-whole"
remedy. These additional amounts may be deter-
mined, depending on the circumstances of each
case, by reference to provisions in the documents
governing the funds at issue and, where there are
no governing provisions, to evidence of any loss di-
rectly attributable to the unlawful withholding
action, which might include the loss of return on in-
vestment of the portion of funds withheld, addition-
al administrative costs, etc., but not collateral losses.
See Merryweather Optical Company, 240 NLRB 1213
(1979).
The Regional Director issued a backpay specification
on January 31, 1983, an amended backpay specification
on March 4, 1983, and a second amended backpay speci-
fication on April 21, 1983.3 Though the second amended
backpay specification issued on April 21, 1983, Respond-
ent failed to answer prior to June 15, 1983, the date the
hearing opened. By motion dated May 20, 1983, the
General Counsel sought an order precluding Respondent
from introducing any evidence concerning the backpay
specification. That motion was supported by an affidavit
of counsel for the General Counsel which stated that no
answer had been filed to the backpay specification 'and
that on May 9, 1983, counsel for the General Counsel
had been informed by Respondent's attorney that Re-
3 At the hearing the General Councel successfully moved, without op-
position from Respondent, to delete par. 9(b) from the second amended
specification. Par. 9(b) alleged that Respondent was obligated to make
contributions to the trust funds from February 28, 1983, until May 31,
1983. In effect, the amendment reduced the backpay period alleged in the
specification by changing it from February 10, 1981, through May 31,
1983, to February 10, 1981 through February 28, 1983.
468
G. T. KNIGHT CO.
spondent would not answer the backpay specification as
amended because Respondent did not have any funds.
By order dated June 7, 1983, counsel for the General
Counsel's motion was referred for disposition to the ad-
ministrative law judge designated to conduct the hearing.
At the opening of the hearing Respondent offered in
evidence an answer to the second amended backpay
specification. In effect, Respondent moved for permission
to serve a late filed answer. After hearing argument on
that motion, I found that no good cause had been shown
for the failure to timely file the answer. I denied the
motion and rejected the late filed answer. In the absence
of a timely filed answer, counsel for the General Counsel
moved for summary judgment. I granted that motion for
summary judgment in part. Pursuant to Section 102.544
of the Board's Rules, I found that the specifications were
true and that factual findings based on those specifica-
tions would be made. However, as I was of the opinion
that further consideration was needed with regard to the
allegation in the specifications that liquidated damages,
interest, and attorney's fees were due, I held that I
would permit the parties to introduce evidence with
regard to those three matters on which a legal determi-
nation could be made as to the appropriateness of those
specific remedies.
Appendix I of the second amended backpay specifica-
tion sets forth the amount claimed as follows:
Trust Fund Contributions for the Period February
10, 1981, Through December 31, 1981 ....................
Liquidated Damages for the Period February 10,
1981, Through December 31, 1981...........................
Trust Fund Contributions Overdue for the Period
January 1, 1982, Through April 30, 1982 ................
Fund Contributions for the Period May 1, 1982,
Through February 28, 1983 ......................................
Liquidated Damages for the Period May 1, 1982,
Through February 28, 1983 ......................................
Attorneys Fees Spent to Date by the Trust to
Collect Past Due Trust Contributions......................
$6,734.46
$1,134.88
0
$7,196.27
$1,150.31
S 4,000.00
Total Owing ........................................ $20,215.92
Less Respondent's Payments to Date' ................. $3,800.00
Backpay Due for Delinquent Contribu-
tions Through February 28, 1983 .............. $16,415.92
Pursuant to a Settlement Agreement between the parties
herein, Respondent agreed to apply $1,200 of the $5,000 paid to
the Trust as referenced in paragraph 7 herein for contributions
owed by Respondent prior to the backpay period herein.
Paragraph 10(a) of the second amended backpay speci-
fication states in part:
(a) Summarizing the facts and calculations specified
above, and detailed in Appendix I, the obligation of
' Sec. 102.54(a) states that an answer must be filed within 15 days from
the service of the specification. Sec. 102.54(c) provides:
(c) Effect of failure to answer or to plead specifically and in detail to
the specification.-If the respondent fails to file any answer to the
specification within the time prescribed by this section, the Board
may, either with or without taking evidence in support of the allega-
tions of the specification and without notice to the respondent, find
the specification to be true and enter such order as may be appropri-
ate....
Respondent, under the Board's Order to, inter alia,
make whole its employees by applying all contribu-
tions to the Trust funds identified above in para-
graph 4, plus attorneys' fees, liquidated damages
and interest thereon from February 10, 1981, to
February 28, 1983, is $16,415.92.
The General Counsel seeks 12-percent-per-annum in-
terest. It appears from paragraph 10(a) that the 12-per-
cent-per-annum interest has already been included in the
$6,734.46 figure for February 10, 1981-December 31,
1981, and in the $7,196.27 figure for May 1, 1982-Febru-
ary 28, 1983.
The backpay specification as amended is extremely
conclusionary with regard to the amount due. There is
no indication of the names of employees on whose ac-
count the money is due to the funds, of the number of
hours worked upon which the computations are made,
or of the amount attributed to interest. Such an approach
makes it more difficult to achieve a settlement and also
presents problems in litigation.
The General Counsel also seeks 12-percent liquidated
damages. Assuming there are liquidated damages due to
both the principle and interest to December 31, 1981, 12
percent liquidated damages on $6,734.46 would be
$808.14 and not $1,134.88. Twelve percent of the
$7,196.27 for May 1, 1982-February 28, 1983, would be
$863.55 and not $1,150.31. Presumably the General
Counsel has added interest to the liquidated damages.
In partially granting the motion for summary judg-
ment, I find that the figures set forth in that Appendix
are accurate and show the amount due, except for the
question of whether the liquidated damages, interest, and
attorney's fees are legally chargeable to Respondent, and
whether the 12 percent liquidated damages were proper-
ly computed.
B. The Liquidated Damages and Interest
The remedy set forth in the Board's Order, which is
quoted above, provides that the Board's usual formula
for setting a fixed interest rate on backpay will not be
used with regard to unlawfully withheld fund payments
and that the documents governing the funds at issue may
be used to determine additional amounts needed to satis-
fy the make-whole remedy. The relevant document in
this case is the trust agreement-Oregon Laborers-Em-
ployers Trust Funds, amended and restated effective
September 1, 1979.
Section 4.04 of that document states:
4.04 Liquidated Damages and Interest. The par-
ties recognize and acknowledge that the regular and
prompt filing of employer reports and the regular
and prompt payment of employer contributions to
the Fund is essential to the maintenance in effect of
the Pension Plan, and that it would be extremely
difficult, if not impracticable, to fix the actual ex-
pense and damage to the Fund and to the Pension
Plan which would result from the failure of an indi-
vidual Employer to make such reports and to pay
such monthly contributions in full within the time
provided above.
469
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Therefore, the amount of damage to the Fund
and Pension Plan resulting from failure to make re-
ports or pay contributions within the time specififed
shall be presumed to be the sum of 12 percent of
the amount of the contribution or contributions due
for each delinquent report or contribution. These
amounts shall become due and payable to the Fund
as liquidated damages and not as penalty, upon the
day immediately following the date on which the
report or the contribution or contributions become
delinquent. However, the Trustees, in their discre-
tion, for good cause (and the Trustees shall have
the sole right to determine what shall constitute
good cause) shall have the right and power to
waive all or any part of any sums due the Fund as
liquidated damages. Any delinquent amounts here-
under shall bear interest at the rate of 12 percent a
year.
Frank Hastie is a trust coordinate and a management
trustee for the funds in question. He testified that the 12-
percent charge for liquidated damages covers expenses to
the trust relating to administration or internal overhead
which is created by the need to collect delinquencies. He
averred that the trust administrator has a staff of three
employees on a full-time basis whose work is related to
delinquencies, and that the liquidated damages go toward
paying those administrative costs. As to the 12-percent-
per-year interest he testified that the interest payments
are to recoup the loss to the trust fund on interest that it
would have earned on the contributions if the contribu-
tions had been made in a timely manner and invested. He
further averred that the interest rate of 12 percent was
set to approximate the average return the trust would
have received on those moneys.
In Longshoremen Local 1593 (Caldwell Shipping Co.),
243 NLRB 8 (1979), enfd. 644 F.2d 408 (5th Cir. 1981),
the Board found that trust funds were entitled to be
compensated "for administration costs and other ex-
penses and loss of interest incurred by the Fund as the
result of its acceptance of the retroactive fringe benefit
payments." Where, as here, liquidated damages have
been agreed to by the parties and where such damages
appear to be related to additional costs to the fund rather
than to penalizing the delinquent employer, it is appro-
priate to require the employer to pay such damages.
Peerless Roofing Co., 247 NLRB 500, 504-505 (1980),
enfd. 641 F.2d 734 (9th Cir. 1981). I therefore find that
the liquidated damages of 12 percent are due. As is set
forth above, 12 percent of the $6,734.46 for the period
February 10, 1981-December 31, 1981, is $808.14.
Twelve percent of the $7,196.27 for the May 1, 1982-
February 28, 1983, period is $863.55.
Based on the language of the contract and the testimo-
ny of Hastie, it appears that the 12-percent-per-annum in-
terest rate specified in the agreement for delinquent pay-
ments directly relates to the loss of return on investment
of the portion of funds withheld. Such interest is neces-
sary to satisfy the make-whole remedy. As the $6,734.46
and $7,196.27 figures include interest through February
28, 1983, I find that interest at a rate of 12 percent per
annum is due on the delinquent trust fund contributions
from February 28, 1983, until the contribution is actually
made. As the trust agreements provide for the 12-per-
cent-per-year interest on "delinquent amounts," interest
is to be paid only on such delinquent amounts and not to
the liquidated damages which are assessed on those de-
linquent amounts.
C. The Attorney's Fees
Section 4.03 of the trust agreement provides:
4.03 Default in Payment. The failure of an Em-
ployer to pay the contribution required hereunder
at the times and in the manner required by the
Trustees shall constitute a violation of such Em-
ployer's obligations hereunder. Non-payment by an
Employer of any contribution as herein provided
shall not relieve any other Employer of his obliga-
tion to make payment of his required contribution.
The Trustees may take any action necessary to en-
force payment of the contributions due hereunder,
including the right to sue such Employer in a state
court of competent jurisdiction; and the delinquent
Employer shall be liable to the Trust for all ex-
penses of collection thereof, including actual attor-
ney's fee, incurred by the Trustees.
Trust coordinator Hastie testified that attorney's fees are
fees that a legal firm bills for handling delinquencies and
that they are not part of the administrative expenses re-
ferred to in connection with liquidated damages.
The trust agreements provide for the payment of
actual attorney's fees. There is nothing in the record to
indicate litigation other than that in the Board proceed-
ings and the attorney's fees appear to relate to the attor-
ney's representation of the Union in these Board pro-
ceedings. Respondent might well be entitled to attorney's
fees in a civil breach of contract suit brought in a state
or Federal district court. 5 However, this is not a civil
breach of contract suit. The Board has no authority to
require payments to be made under a contract as such. It
is only when a contract breach undermines the collec-
tive-bargaining relationship in such a way that there is a
refusal to bargain in violation of Section 8(a)(5) of the
Act that the Board can find a violation and give a
remedy. 6 In remedying such refusals to bargain as well
as other violations of the Act, the Board has been very
circumspect in awarding attorney's fees to the charging
party. See, for example, Farren's Tree Surgeons, Inc., 264
NLRB 668 (1982); Heck's Inc., 215 NLRB 765 (1974). In
view of the Board's hesitancy in awarding attorney's
fees, I am unprepared to interpret the general language
of the Board in this case in such a manner as to authorize
the payment of attorney's fees. I am bound and limited
by the Board's Order in remedying this case and in view
of the past practices of the Board, I do not believe that
5 Sec. 301(a) of the Act provides that suits for violation of contracts
between employers and unions may be brought in United States district
court.
s As the United States Supreme Court held in NLRB v. Fant Milling
Co., 360 U.S. 301. 307-308 (1959): "The Board was created not to adjudi-
cate private controversies but to advance the public interest in eliminat-
ing obstructions to interstate commerce . . "
470
G. T. KNIGHT CO.
the language in the Board's ordinary remedy can be
fairly read to require the payment of attorney's fees,
which is extraordinary relief. I therefore find that attor-
ney's fees are not due and owing.
D. Conclusions
I find that Respondent's obligation to the trust funds
will be discharged by the payment to the funds of
$11,802.42, 7 plus interest at the rate of 12 percent per
annum on delinquent amounts other than liquidated dam-
ages, from February 28, 1983, until the date this Decision
is complied with.
I That figure is computed as follows: Trust fund contributions and in-
terest for February 10, 1981, through December 31, 1981: $6,734.46; liqui-
dated damages for that period: S808.14; trust fund contribution and inter-
est for May 1, 1982, through February 28, 1983: $7,196.27; liquidated
damages for that period: $863.55: minus Respondent's payments to date
of $3,800.
On the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and con-
clusions and on the entire record of this proceeding, I
issue the following recommended
ORDER s
The Respondent, G. T. Knight Company, Incorporat-
ed, Lake Oswego, Oregon, its officers, agents, succes-
sors, and assigns, shall
Satisfy its obligation to the trust funds described above
by payment to those funds of $S11,802.42, plus interest at
the annual rate of 12 percent, in the manner set forth in
the section of this Decision entitled "Conclusions."
a If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board's
Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur.
poses.
471