Farmers Insurance Group

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Aug 3, 1981

257 N.L.R.B. 541 (N.L.R.B. 1981)

FARMERS INSURANCE GROUP
Farmers Insurance Group and William Thomas
Lawson. Case 31-CA-10069
August 3, 1981
DECISION AND ORDER
On March 30, 1981, Administrative Law Judge
Jay R. Pollack issued the attached Decision in this
proceeding. Thereafter, Respondent filed excep-
tions and a supporting brief, and the General Coun-
sel filed a brief in opposition to Respondent's ex-
ceptions.
The Board has considered the record and the at-
tached Decision in light of the exceptions and
briefs and has decided to affirm the rulings, find-
ings,' and conclusions of the Administrative Law
Judge and to adopt his recommended Order.
ORDER
Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor
Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Re-
lations Board adopts as its Order the recommended
Order of the Administrative Law Judge and
hereby orders that the Respondent, Farmers Insur-
ance Group, Oxnard and Woodland Hills, Califor-
nia, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns,
shall take the action set forth in the said recom-
mended Order.
' Respondent contends that it is deprived of due process by the find-
ings that it violated Sec. (a)(l) by discriminatorily restricting an employ-
ee's conversations about the Union and by threatening an employee with
loss of his job if he continued his union activities. We find no merit in
this contention. Par. 6(b) of the complaint alleged that on or about April
7, 1980, at the Oxnard branch office, Respondent directed an employee
not to discuss the Union with other employees, and par. 8(b) alleged that
on or about April 14, 1980, at the Woodland Hills branch office, Re-
spondent threatened to discharge an employee because of that employee's
union activities and sympathies. Accordingly, we find that Respondent
was given adequate notice of the allegations against it, which were fully
proved at the hearing.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
JAY R. POLLACK, Administrative Law Judge: This
matter was heard before me in Los Angeles, California,
on January 22, 1981. Pursuant to a charge filed against
Farmers Insurance Group (herein called Respondent), by
William Thomas Lawson, an individual on May 29,
1980,' the Regional Director for Region 31 of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board (herein called the Board),
issued a complaint against Respondent on July 6, alleging
that Respondent committed certain violations of Section
8(a)(1) and (3) of the National Labor Relations Act, as
amended, 29 U.S.C. §151, et. seq. (herein called the Act).
The Issues
The principal questions presented for decision are:
l Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to the year 1980.
257 NLRB No. 84
(1) Whether Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) and
(3) of the Act by discharging Lawson on May 14 be-
cause of his union sympathies and activities.
(2) Whether Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by
creating the impression that Lawson's union activities
were under surveillance by Respondent; by directing
Lawson not to discuss the Union with other employees;
and by threatening to discharge Lawson because of his
union activities.
The parties have been afforded full opportunity to
appear, to introduce evidence, to examine and cross-ex-
amine witnesses, and to file briefs. Upon the entire
record, from my observation of the demeanor of the wit-
nesses, and having considered the post-hearing briefs of
the General Counsel and Respondent, I make the follow-
ing:
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS
I. URISDICTION
At all times material herein, Respondent has been a
Nevada corporation, with an office and principal place
of business located in Los Angeles, California, where it is
engaged in the business of selling insurance. In the
course and conduct of its business operations, Respond-
ent annually derives gross revenues in excess of $500,000
and annually sells and ships goods or services valued in
excess of $50,000 directly to customers located outside
the State of Nevada. Accordingly, Respondent admits
and I find that it is an employer engaged in commerce
and in a business affecting commerce within the meaning
of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
11. THE I.ABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
The parties stipulated and I find that at all times mate-
rial herein Office and Professional Employees Union,
Local 30 (herein called the Union), has been a labor or-
ganization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
III. THE AI.LEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background
As discussed above, Respondent is engaged in the in-
surance business. It is the third largest casualty insurance
company in the United States and operates in 26 States.
William Lawson, the Charging Party herein, was first
hired by Respondent in May 1974, as a liability claims
representative or adjuster. At the times material herein,
Lawson was working as a senior property claims repre-
sentative under the supervision of the branch manager of
Respondent's Woodland Hills, California, branch claims
office.2 As he lived in Oxnard, California, and was as-
signed a geographic territory in Ventura County, Cali-
fornia, Lawson was provided with office space in Re-
spondent's Oxnard branch office. However, Lawson was
supervised by the managers of the Woodland Hills office
and not by the managers of the Oxnard office.
I From the fall of 1978 until May 1, 1980, Lawson's immediate supervi-
sor was Edward Petersen, and his branch manager was Dennis Schliep.
On May I. 1980. Schliep was transferred to another location and Peter-
sen became acting branch manager.
541
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
During the period from November 1979 until May
1980, Respondent experienced an unusual rise in the
number of property claims filed with its Woodland Hills
office. The increased number of claims was due to sever-
al large storms in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties.
The increase in property claims resulted in an increase in
the case assignments to Lawson and the other claims
representatives.
Due to the sharp increase in case assignments, Re-
spondent's employees began discussing their perceived
problems with working conditions. Lawson was the
focal point for these discussions, and in February 1980,
he contacted the Union on behalf of the claims repre-
sentatives and secretaries of Respondent's Woodland
Hills and Oxnard offices. Lawson arranged for a meeting
for employees with the Union to be held in April. How-
ever, that meeting was canceled by a union representa-
tive and never rescheduled.
B. The Alleged 8(a)(1) Violations
As discussed above, Lawson maintained a desk at Re-
spondent's Oxnard office. Lawson testified that during
the first week of April, he first mentioned the Union to
Harold Tollefson, supervisor at the Oxnard branch
claims office.3 According to Lawson, Tollefson was dis-
cussing pay raises with employees Debbie Graves and
Kelly Steiger when Lawson "half jokingly" said that if
the employees were represented by a union, they would
be able to file a grievance and receive a pay raise. Tollef-
son walked over to Lawson and told him to quit talking
about union organization or he would "find his ass right
out on the street." Lawson further testified that during
this conversation, Tollefson said he was aware of Law-
son's union activities.
Tollefson testified that he, and Graves, and a tele-
phone receptionist 4 were discussing a newspaper article
regarding the Company when Lawson interrupted and
said "when the union comes in, things are going to be a
lot better." According to Tollefson, he told Lawson he
was not talking about the Union and told him to "butt
out." Lawson said that "management thinks they can
talk about the union whenever they want to, but employ-
ees can't do that." Tollefson repeated that he was not
talking about the Union, and Lawson walked away. Tol-
lefson denied making the statements attributed to him by
Lawson. Tollefson reported this incident to his supervi-
sor, Albert Sutcliffe, branch claims manager of the
Oxnard office.
The following day, Sutcliffe called Lawson into his
office to talk about the incident of the prior day. Ac-
cording to Lawson, Sutcliffe pointed his finger at the
employee and said, "I don't want any damn talk about
union activities to any of my employees." Lawson an-
swered, "I'll stop talking about the union if you stop
talking against the union." Sutcliffe became angry and
told Lawson that he was the manager of the office and
that Lawson could not talk to him in that manner. Sut-
rTollefson, an admitted statutory supervisor, had no supervisory au-
thority over Lawson. As discussed above, Lawson worked under the su-
pervision of the Woodland Hills office.
'Graves. no longer employed by Respondent. was not called t testify
at the hearing. Steiger, also, was not called to testify.
cliffe then told Lawson that Respondent would do ev-
erything in its power to stop any type of union activity.
He said that Respondent knew of Lawson's organizing
activities and that if Lawson continued his activities, he
would be fired. Lawson said that he could not be fired
for union activities because "that's the law." Sutcliffe an-
swered that he did not want Lawson talking to any of
his employees about the Union during duty hours be-
cause "that's the law." Lawson responded that he would
talk to employees on his own time and ended the conver-
sation.
Sutcliffe testified that Tollefson had told him that
Lawson had interrupted one of his (Tollefson's) conver-
sations and said that things would improve when the
Union came in. Sutcliffe called Lawson into his office
and told Lawson not to discuss union activities on the
floor of the office during working hours. Sutcliffe said
that if he found Lawson doing so, he would ask him to
stop. Lawson answered that if he heard Sutcliffe was
talking against the Union, he would ask Sutcliffe to stop.
Sutcliffe denied making the statements attributed to him
by Lawson.
Sutcliffe further testified that he had had a prior con-
versation with Lawson about union organizing. During
general conversation, Lawson told Sutcliffe that there
was a new attempt at union organizing.5 Lawson ex-
plained why he thought the Union would be successful
in attracting employees. Sutcliffe said he thought that it
was a poor time economically to organize a union. Sut-
cliffe reported his conversation to his supervisor, James
Heady, regional claims manager.
Lawson testified that later during the same week as his
conversation with Sutcliffe, he had a telephone conversa-
tion with Dennis Schliep, then branch claims manager at
the Woodland Hills office, in which Schliep brought up
the subject of the Union. According to Lawson, he asked
Schliep whether he had been able to hire another claims
adjuster and Schliep answered yes. Schliep then said he
had many qualified people applying for the job. Schliep
said that he had applicants with law degrees and master's
degrees and added, "this is really a rotten time for you
to be organizing a union, especially with the times as
hard as they are and these really good people applying
for the job." According to Lawson, Schliep said that Re-
spondent was aware of his union activities and if Lawson
did not cut out his union activities, he would be fired.
Lawson said that Schliep could not fire him for organiz-
ing a union and Schliep said, "Jim Heady still remembers
when you were trying to organize for the Teamsters
Union." 6
Schliep, presently a senior liability claims representa-
tive, testified that he had one conversation with Lawson
concerning the Union. According to Schliep, his conver-
sation took place while Lawson was in Schliep's office.
Schliep told Lawson that he had heard that there was
' There had been a prior organizational campaign concerning Respond-
ent's I.os Angeles offices ill 1976-77. That campaign resulted in a repre-
sentatioil petition being filed swith the Board by a Ic:al of the Teamsters
Unioll. lowever, that petition wsas v.oluntarily ithdrawn, prior to an
election.
' he 1t976-77 organizing campaign.
542
FARMERS INSURANCE GROUP
some sort of union activity and commented that it was a
very poor time for such activity. Schliep said that highly
qualified people including attorneys were looking for
jobs as claims representatives. ' Schliep denied saying that
Respondent was aware of Lawson's union activities or
that Lawson would be fired if he continued his union ac-
tivities.
Lawson testified that he also had a conversation with
Edward "Ted" Petersen, the supervisor at the Woodland
Hills property office, concerning the Union. According
to Lawson, Petersen was asking for Lawson's help in
dealing with the work problems of employee John Dunn.
Petersen said that if Dunn did not straighten out, he was
going to fire Dunn. Lawson indignantly asked if Petersen
was going to fire a claims representative that had 22
years seniority just because Dunn "did things his way."
Lawson then said, "[T]hat's one of the reasons that we're
trying to organize a union." Lawson said if there were a
union, it would be able to defend Dunn. Petersen said
Respondent was aware of Lawson's union activities and
that it was very easy to fire somebody before they had
union representation. Lawson told Petersen that unions
were good things, and that the employees needed a
union.
Petersen, branch claims manager at the Woodland
Hills office, testified that he overheard a conversation in
which Lawson was telling other employees about the
benefits Lawson's wife received through her union. After
that conversation, Petersen walked over to Lawson's
desk to discuss unions. Petersen said he did not believe
that the employees would gain anything by having a
union. Petersen said that presently, an adjuster could
work on his own time schedule and did not have to ac-
count for each and every hour of the day. Petersen
denied having any conversation with Lawson about
Dunn. Petersen further denied saying anything about
Lawson's union activities or threatening to fire Lawson
because of his union activities.
C. The Discharge
As discussed above, on May 14 Lawson was dis-
charged. Lawson testified that between 6 and 6:30 p.m.,
Petersen called him into Petersen's office and asked him
to bring along his case files. After Petersen and Lawson
were alone in the office, Petersen closed the door and
told Lawson that he had to let him go. Lawson laughed
and said, "You've got to be kidding." Lawson said that
Petersen had to have a reason for firing him, and Peter-
sen said that he did not have a reason. Petersen said he
did not have to give Lawson a reason but did say that
the discharge was "coming from above." Lawson asked
if Heady was firing him and Petersen said he was not at
liberty to give out such information. Lawson said that
even Respondent's personnel manual required a reason
for firing him, and Petersen answered that Lawson's
caseload was high and that he "was not working [his]
files down fast enough." Lawson then sought to defend
his high caseload. Petersen said that he did not want to
discuss the matter any further. Petersen said he was
7Schliep testified that he did not intend to suggest that these applicants
would replace cmplosees inv(olved ssith the Union.
going to pay Lawson 2 weeks' wages and asked the em-
ployee to turn in his files, keys to his company car,
camera, and recorder. Lawson answered that if he was
going to be paid for 2 weeks he would keep the compa-
ny equipment and continue to work on the files. Petersen
insisted that Lawson return the company's equipment
and repeated that Lawson was terminated. At that point,
Lawson accused Petersen of terminating him because of
his union activities. Petersen denied that Respondent
would fire anybody for that reason. Lawson insisted that
he was being fired for his union activities and repeated
that he was going to keep his files and continue to work
on them. Petersen then left the room.
According to Lawson, Petersen left the building and
proceeded to disable Lawson's company car by letting
the air out of its tires. Lawson, upon learning of Peter-
sen's actions from John Dunn, went to the parking lot.
Lawson asked Petersen "very nicely" to get away from
the car, whereupon Petersen got to his feet and ran
away. Lawson retreived his files and equipment from the
car and was driven home by Dunn. Lawson denied
threatening Petersen or chasing him across the parking
lot.
Petersen's account of his May 14 conversation with
Lawson is markedly different from that of Lawson. Ac-
cording to Petersen, Lawson brought his files into Peter-
sen's office and placed them on a coffee table. Lawson
said, "Here are my files." Petersen said, "We have a case
review that we're going to handle tomorrow" and
Lawson answered that he was not going to work the
next day.' The two men argued over the need for a case
review the next day. Petersen then took out a list of case
assignments which disproved an earlier claim of Law-
son's, that Schliep had assigned him 40 percent more
cases than the other claims representatives. 9 Petersen
then said that his analysis of Lawson's casehandling was
that Lawson had engaged in a slowdown. Lawson said
that these were just lies made up by Schliep. Petersen
told Lawson to check the assignment records and left
the room in order to find Dunn. Petersen told Dunn that
he was going to fire Lawson and asked Dunn to wait so
that he could drive Lawson home.
Petersen returned to his office and told Lawson that
since Lawson had not responded to the extra supervision
that he was receiving, he was terminated. Lawson told
Petersen that Petersen could not fire him, and Petersen
answered that he was acting branch claims manager and
had been told that he could terminate Lawson. Petersen
then asked for Lawson's car keys and other company
property. Lawson said that Petersen could not fire him
because he had not been placed on probation. Petersen
answered that he understood that Lawson had already
been on probation and that there was no need to put him
Lassson testified that he had not intended to he absent from w.ork the
remainder of that , 'eek. owex\ er. Lawson's expense account report. ap-
parenitls filled out on Ma\ 14. indicated that he \would be ahsent for "per-
sonal hbisiness" on May 15 and sould co mene his acat in oni May 16
"According to 'tterell hlie had spent the prior sucekend checking Re-
spollldclt's records to lccrtlain uhether Lason's allegations concerning
,m1se asigrnmients srere rue The facts leading up 1i this etIent will be dis-
cussed more filly ii the ectlionl of this decision entitled "Respondent',
I)efesll,
543
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
on probation again. Petersen insisted that Lawson return
the car keys and other equipment, and Lawson refused.
While Lawson was emptying his desk, Petersen went to
the parking lot to immobilize Lawson's company car.
Petersen was in the act of letting the air out of the
tires of Lawson's car when Lawson approached. Lawson
dropped his files and proceeded to chase Petersen who
ran around the car and through the parking lot to safety.
Petersen later walked back to a safe vantage point and
saw Lawson hiding behind a platform near the office
building. Lawson saw Petersen and went back to the
parking lot. Petersen went into the building and called
the police. Thereafter, a police car came to the premises
but Lawson had already left with Dunn. The parties stip-
ulated that the Los Angeles Police Department log for
May 14 discloses that between 5:10 and 5:35 p.m., Peter-
sen called for police assistance and that two police offi-
cers were dispatched to Respondent's Woodland Hills
office pursuant to that call.
John Dunn, service claims representative, testified that
he was at Respondent's Woodland Hills office on May
14, the evening of Lawson's discharge. Dunn did not
hear the conversation between Lawson and Petersen in
Petersen's office. Dunn saw Lawson and Petersen leave
the office together. Petersen asked for Lawson's files and
car keys, and Lawson refused. Dunn heard Petersen
twice ask for the keys and files before Dunn left the area
for a few minutes. When Dunn returned he saw Lawson
putting his files into a box.' 0 Dunn walked towards the
restroom and from there saw Petersen letting the air out
of the tires of Lawson's car. Shortly thereafter, Lawson
walked out of the office. When Dunn left the office he
found Lawson in the parking lot next to his immobilized
car. Lawson loaded his belongings into Dunn's car and
Dunn drove Lawson home.
During the drive home, Lawson questioned Petersen's
authority to fire him. Lawson told Dunn that Petersen
had not given him any particular reason for the firing
other than Lawson's high caseload.
Douglas Gilman, senior property claims representative,
was also working during the evening when Lawson was
discharged. Gilman testified that he did not hear any of
the conversation which occurred in Petersen's office.
Gilman heard an argument between Lawson and Peter-
sen about the discharge. According to Gilman, Lawson
was upset over his discharge and was calling Petersen
names." Petersen asked for Lawson's files and car keys
and Lawson refused. 12 Petersen and Lawson then left the
building. Approximately 5 minutes later, Gilman saw Pe-
tersen in the parking lot. Petersen told Gilman that he
was waiting for the police to arrive. Gilman saw a police
car drive into the parking lot as he was leaving to go
home.
D. Respondent's Defense
As discussed above, Respondent experienced a large
volume of claims in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties
during the period from November 1979 through May
'o Dunn heard no discussion of the Union.
" Gilman heard no discussion of the Union.
12 According to Gilman. Lawson was very agitated but Petersen ap-
peared calm.
1980. Petersen was called to a meeting on April 7, 1980,
with James Heady and Leonard Gelfand, regional man-
agers of the western claims division and eastern claims
division, respectively, of Respondent's Los Angeles re-
gional operations. The discussion centered around prob-
lems in the Woodland Hills office and the possibility of
Petersen succeeding to the position of manager of that
office.'3 During this meeting, Petersen discussed the in-
adequate work performance of three claims adjusters:
Lawson, Mary Ann Van de Car, and John Dunn. Peter-
sen reported that these three employees were the weak-
est adjusters in his office and that he had received the
most complaints about their work. Each of the three ad-
justers had too many pending cases. At the time of the
meeting, Lawson had 243 cases, which had not yet
closed, Van de Car had 65, and Dunn had 105. The aver-
age number of open cases for a claims adjuster was 40. '4
Petersen promised to work with these three employees
to improve their performance. At this meeting, Respond-
ent's management decided to conduct an audit of the
Woodland Hills office while Schliep was still present in
order to determine the problems with the operation, and
then to suggest appropriate action. It was further decid-
ed that Schliep would be transferred on May I and that
Petersen would become acting manager on that date.
As discussed above, Petersen told Respondent's man-
agement that he would work with Lawson and the other
two adjusters to improve their performance. On May 1,
concurrent with becoming acting office manager, Peter-
sen placed Lawson on a program of closer supervision:
(1) Lawson was required to review his cases every
Thursday with Petersen; (2) Lawson was to report to the
Woodland Hills office every day (requiring a drive of
approximately an hour each way); and (3) Lawson
would not be assigned additional cases. '5 Pursuant to this
program, Petersen met with Lawson on the first two
Thursdays of May, May I and 8. On each occasion, Pe-
tersen spent a full day going through files with Lawson
and instructing him as to what was required to close a
specific case. At times during the day, while Lawson
was making a phone call or filling out a form, Petersen
would leave to perform some of his other duties. Peter-
sen would then return and work with Lawson. During
these meetings, Petersen determined that in many of the
cases, Lawson had not yet made initial contact with the
claimant. Also, in regard to many of the cases, Lawson
had to review the file in order to familiarize himself with
the case before he was able to answer routine questions
from Petersen. Petersen testified that Lawson should
have been familiar enough with the files to answer such
questions. During a Thursday review with Petersen,
Lawson was able to close 20 to 25 case files. However,
"3 Manager Dennis Schliep was scheduled for reassignment to another
location.
" Petersen testified that prior to that time the highest number of open
cases he had ever observed was 110.
'5 Petersen testified that taking Lawson off assignment was unfair to
the other claims adjusters, who would thereby receive a heavier case-
load, but it was something he had to do. Petersen further testified that to
his knowledge such a drastic action had not previously been taken in
regard to a claims adjuster.
544
FARMERS INSURANCE GROUP
while unsupervised on the other 4 workdays, he closed
only a total of about 20 cases.
During conversations with Petersen concerning his
high caseload, Lawson accused Schliep of assigning him
40 percent more cases than any other claims adjuster. Pe-
tersen then inspected Respondent's assignment log,
which showed that Lawson received no more assign-
ments than any other agent. In fact, Lawson received
slightly less than the average number of assignments.
When Petersen confronted Lawson with the facts as
shown by the assignment log, Lawson accused Schliep
of lying and falsifying the assignment log. Petersen, upset
by these allegations, took Respondent's master logbook
home with him and, with help from his wife, made a
comparison between the master log and the assignment
log during the weekend of May 10 and 11.'6 Petersen's
review showed that there was a slight discrepancy in the
assignment log, but it was in Lawson's favor. This inves-
tigation of the records showed that there was clearly no
merit to Lawson's accusations against Schliep. 7
The next weekday following his investigation of the
records, May 12, Petersen called Heady and advised him
that there was no merit to Lawson's accusations against
Schliep. Petersen told Heady that his close supervision of
Lawson had not improved the employee's techniques or
production. Therefore, Petersen recommended that
Lawson be terminated. Heady granted approval for this
action.
According to Petersen, he decided that he would dis-
charge Lawson after their case review on Thursday,
May 15. There were two reasons for this choice of date:
(1) Dunn would be in the office on that date and could
drive Lawson home to Oxnard; and (2) Petersen could
have a case review with Lawson and learn the status of
more of the employee's cases. However, at the end of
the workday on May 14, Lawson brought his files into
Petersen's office, indicating that he would not be coming
in the next day for his case review. 18 As discussed above,
Petersen noticed that Dunn had come into the office and
told Lawson to check the records showing that the accu-
sations against Schliep were without merit. Petersen left
Lawson and made arrangements for Dunn to drive
Lawson home. On his return to the office, Petersen ter-
minated Lawson as set forth in detail above.
The General Counsel attempted to present evidence
that prior to the union activities of early 1980, Lawson
had a "good" work record with Respondent. The Gener-
al Counsel's evidence is, at best, misleading.
Lawson received annual appraisals in April of each
year. His most recent appraisals were issued in April
1978 by then supervisor Schliep and in April 1979 by
then supervisor Petersen. On both occasions, Lawson's
performance rating was "good." However, under Re-
spondent's appraisal system any employee receiving a
' Petersen received permission from Heady to conduct this investiga-
tion.
17 During the hearing, Lawson testified that he received between 15
and 20 case assignments a day. The records indicated that the largest
number of assignments Lawson received in a day was eight.
'" Lawson denied that he intended to be absent the remainder of that
week. As discussed above, Lawson filled out an expense account report
on May 14 indicating that he would take May 15 off for "personal busi-
ness" and start his vacation on May 16.
rating less than "good," i.e., fair or poor, is automatically
placed on probation. Both Petersen and Schliep testified
that Lawson received the least favorable rating of any
claims adjuster. While Lawson received a wage increase
in September 1979 and January 1980, those increases
were virtually automatic for any employee not on proba-
tion. An employee on probation is not eligible for a raise.
It is further noted that Lawson was placed on probation
during March 1978, and was removed from probation 2
weeks later after his case backlog had decreased substan-
tially. The record reveals other evidence of attempts by
Respondent to take corrective measures in regard to
Lawson's performance. However, further detail is not
necessary for purposes of this decision.
E. Credibility Resolutions
The testimony of Lawson is critical to the establish-
ment of the General Counsel's prima facie case. Howev-
er, no corraboration of Lawson's testimony was offered.
Where documentary evidence was produced, it contra-
dicted Lawson's testimony. The testimony of employees
Douglas Gilman and John Dunn was more consistent
with the testimony of Petersen than that of Lawson.
Lawson's perceptions of certain events were shown to be
biased or inaccurate. The most graphic example of this
was Lawson's testimony that a letter written by his su-
pervisor and placed in his personnel file was a letter of
apology. The letter at issue stated in pertinent part:
I in no way apologize or regret having to write to
you . . . setting forth the facts as I saw them.
Therefore, copies of my memo placing you on pro-
bation along with your rebuttal along with this
memo have been placed in the Master Personnel file
of yours.
With regard to the close supervision given him by Peter-
sen, beginning in May, Lawson testified that he did not
consider that a reflection on his work but rather as evi-
dence of how well he and Petersen were getting along.
Further, Lawson testified that such extra supervision was
a favor so that he could go on his vacation without wor-
rying about his workload. Clearly requiring Lawson, a
field employee, to drive an extra 2 hours a day for such
close supervision indicated problems with his work. Fur-
ther, it must have been evident to Lawson that Peter-
sen's attention to his other duties suffered while he spent
a whole day reviewing Lawson's files with the employ-
ee.
Based on Lawson's demeanor, his biased and inaccu-
rate perceptions and the lack of corroboration for his tes-
timony, I do not credit Lawson's testimony except to the
extent that it may be consistent with the credited evi-
dence.
F. Conclusions Regarding 8(a)(1) Issues
I. The complaint alleges that on or about April 7, Tol-
lefson created the impression among employees that their
union activities were under surveillance by Respondent
and threatened to discharge Lawson because of his union
activities and sympathies. The credible evidence shows
545
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BO()ARD
that Lawson interrogated Tollefson while the supervisor
was having a conversation with a telephone receptionist.
Lawson said, "when the union comes in, things are going
to be a lot better." Tollefson told Lawson that he was
not talking about the union and told Lawson to "butt
out." Lawson answered that management talks about the
Union whenever it wants to, but denies that right to em-
ployees. Tollefson repeated that he was not talking about
the Union, and Lawson walked away. Based on the
credible evidence above, I find that the General Counsel
has failed to sustain his burden of proof on these allega-
tions. I, therefore, recommend that these allegations of
the complaint be dismissed.
2. The complaint alleges that on or about April 7,19
Sutcliffe created an impression that Lawson's union ac-
tivities were under surveillance by Respondent and di-
rected Lawson not to discuss the Union with other em-
ployees. The credible evidence establishes that Sutcliffe,
after learning that Lawson had interrupted Tollefson's
conversation and said, "things would improve when the
union came in," called Lawson into his office. Tollefson
told Lawson not to discuss union activities on the floor
of the office during working hours. Lawson answered
that if he heard Sutcliffe talking against the Union, he
would ask Sutcliffe to stop.
The record, herein, reveals no restriction on other
types of employee conversations. Further, there is no
evidence that conversations about the Union caused any
job or business disruption requiring such a restriction. In
my view, Respondent must show that the instant restric-
tion on conversation was not discriminatorily applied to
union conversations. Cf. American Commercial Bank, 226
NLRB 1130, 1131 (1976). Further, Respondent must
show a disruption of production justifying such a restric-
tion. Custom Recovery, Div. of Keystone Resources, Inc.,
230 NLRB 247, 253 (1977). Having found that Respond-
ent has not justified this restriction on conversations, I
find that Sutcliffe's direction to Lawson, not to talk
about the Union, violated Section 8(a)(l) of the Act.
3. The complaint alleges that on or about April 14,
Schliep created the impression that Lawson's union ac-
tivities were under surveillance by Respondent and
threatened to discharge Lawson because of his union ac-
tivities and sympathies. The credited testimony of
Schliep establishes that Schliep told Lawson that he had
heard that there was some sort of union activity and
commented that it was a very poor time for such activi-
ty. Schliep illustrated this by mentioning that he had
highly qualified job applicants looking for jobs as claims
representatives. Notwithstanding Schliep's testimony to
the contrary, his reference to the highly qualified job ap-
plicants could only be calculated to imply that employ-
ees could lose their jobs to such applicants if they contin-
ued with their union activities. Accordingly, I find that
Schliep's statements violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
Cf. Grandee Beer Distributors, Inc., 247 NLRB 1279
(1980).
4. The complaint alleges that on or about April 21, Pe-
tersen threatened to discharge Lawson because of his
union activities and sympathies. No such threat was
" I find that the correct date is April 8.
proven. The credited testimony of Petersen establishes
that after he heard Lawson discussing unions, he struck
up a conversation with Lawson on that subject. Petersen
told Lawson that he did not think the employees would
gain anything by having a union. He added that without
a union, claims adjusters had a flexible work schedule.
Petersen's comments appear to be an expression of his
opinion, that employees did not need a union, and were
unaccompanied by any threat, express or implied, or any
promise of benefit. Accordingly, I find Petersen's re-
marks to be permissible comment and not violative of the
Act.
G. The Discharge
The critical issue, herein, is Respondent's motive for
discharging Lawson. In such cases, the General Counsel
must make a prima facie showing sufficient to support
the inference that protected conduct was a "motivating
factor" in the employer's decision. See Wright Line, a Di-
vision of Wright Line, Inc., 251 NLRB 1083 (1980). On
such a showing, the burden shifts to the employer to
prove that the same action would have taken place even
in the absence of the protected conduct.
I find that the General Counsel has failed to establish a
prima facie case that the discharge was for any reason
other than that given by Respondent, i.e., that Lawson
was discharged for his failure to process his assigned
cases in a timely manner. Lawson was discharged by Pe-
tersen after he failed to respond to the extraordinary
measures taken to improve the employee's handling of
his case assignments. The credited evidence shows that
Lawson had an extremely high backlog of cases. Three
employees, Van de Car, Dunn, and Lawson were identi-
fied as "problem" employees with whom Petersen was to
take corrective measures. Lawson had by far the most
open cases of the three employees. Petersen resorted to
the extraordinary measure of taking Lawson off new as-
signments. However, Petersen was still not satisfied with
Lawson's work habits and results. When pressed by Pe-
tersen about his high caseload, Lawson accused Schliep
of assigning him an oppressive caseload and falsifying the
records to conceal such action. Petersen considered such
accusations to be of grave importance and spent a week-
end going over the records. After establishing that there
was no merit to Lawson's accusations, Petersen decided
to terminate the employee. As Lawson had previously
been placed on probation, Petersen decided to terminate
Lawson rather than place him on probation again.
Against his business justification for the discharge, the
General Counsel has not established by credible evidence
that the discharge was motivated by antiunion consider-
ations. The General Counsel has established that Re-
spondent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act in two re-
spects: by implying that union activities could result in
the replacement of employees; and by directing an em-
ployee not to talk about unions in the office area during
working hours. However, the nature of these unfair labor
practices is not so serious and substantial as to infer their
connection with the discharge. The credible evidence
does not support a finding that Respondent's opposition
to the Union was so strong as to impel it to violate the
546
FARMERS INSURANCE GROUP
law in order to keep the Union out. Moreover, even if
the General Counsel were deemed to have established a
prina facie case, the evidence overwhelmingly estab-
lishes that Lawson would have been discharged even in
the absence of his union activities.
CONCILUSIONS OF LAW
I. Respondent Farmers Insurance Group is an employ-
er engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
2. Office and Professional Employees Union, Local 30,
is a labor organization within the meaning of Section
2(5) of the Act.
3. By impliedly threatening employees Kwith replace-
ment in order to discourage union activities, and by di-
recting an employee not to talk about unions for the pur-
pose of interfering with self-organizational activities, Re-
spondent engaged in conduct in violation of Section
8(a)( ) of the Act.
4. Respondent did not engage in conduct in violation
of Section 8(a)(3) of the Act.
5. The unfair labor practices specifically found above
are unfair labor practices affecting commerce within the
meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
6. Respondent engaged in no other conduct violative
of the Act.
THE REMEDY
Having found that Respondent has engaged in certain
unfair labor practices, I shall recommend that it cease
and desist therefrom and take certain affirmative action
designed to effectuate the policies of the Act.
Upon the foregoing findings of fact, conclusions of
law, and the entire record, and pursuant to Section 10(c)
of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, I
hereby issue the following recommended:
ORDER20
The Respondent, Farmers Insurance Group, Oxnard
and Woodland Hills, California, its officers, agents, suc-
cessors, and assigns, shall:
I. Cease and desist from:
(a) Threatening employees that they would be re-
placed for the purpose of discouraging union activities.
(b) Directing employees not to talk about unions for
the purpose of interfering with self-organizational activi-
ties.
(c) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action designed to ef-
fectuate the purposes of the Act:
"' All outltanding motions inclnsistenll \ith this recommended Order
herebh are denied II the eent no xceptilons ire filed as protsided h
Sec 10246 of the Rules and Regulations of he National habor Relations
Board. the findings. conclusions. and recommended Order hereill s.hall. as
pro ided in Sec. 12.48 of the Rules and Regulations. be adopted h.b the
Board and become its findings. Coiclusiols. and Order. ind all o(hlecll ion
thereto shall be deemed at aied for all purposes
(a) Post at its Woodland Hills and Oxnard, California,
facilities, copies of the attached notice marked "Appen-
dix. " 21 Copies of said notice, on forms to be provided by
the Regional Director for Region 31. after being duly
signed by Respondent's authorized representative, shall
be posted by Respondent immediately upon receipt
thereof, and be maintained by it for 60 consecutive days
thereafter, in conspicuous places, including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted. Rea-
sonable steps shall be taken by Respondent to insure that
said notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any
other material.
(b) Notify the Regional Director for Region 31, in
writing, within 20 days from the date of this Order, what
steps Respondent has taken to comply herewith.
I'l I FUR IHER ORDERED that the complaint is dis-
missed in all respects other than that specifically found.
I the ce'cnl that this Order is enforced b a Judgment of a United
States Court of Appeals. the ords in the notlce reading "Posted
Order of the National Labor Relations Board" shall read "Posted Pursu-
ant to a Judgment of the United States Court of Appeal% Enforcing an
Order of the National Labor Relations Board
APPENDIX
NOTICF To EsMPI.ONYiFS
POSTED) BY ORDER OF IHtI
NATIONAl. LABOR REI.ATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
After a hearing at which all parties had an opportunity
to present evidence, the National Labor Relations Board
has found that we violated the National Labor Relations
Act, as amended, and we have been ordered to post this
notice.
The Act gives all employees the following rights:
To engage in self-organization
To form, join, or assist any union
To bargain collectively through representa-
tives of their own choice
To engage in activities together for the pur-
pose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid
or protection
To refrain from any or all such activities.
Wl Wilt N threaten employees that they will
be replaced for the purpose of discouraging union
activities.
W' Wtll I NOI direct employees not to talk about
unions for the purpose of interfering with self-orga-
nizational activities.
Wt: Wtl NO'r in any like or related manner in-
terfere with, restrain. or coerce employees in the
exercise of the rights guaranteed them by Section 7
of the Act.
F.ARNIIRS INSLRANC(I GRO P
547