Ex Parte Nevill-ManningDownload PDFBoard of Patent Appeals and InterferencesJan 19, 201210608270 (B.P.A.I. Jan. 19, 2012) Copy Citation UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARKOFFICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS P.O. Box 1450 Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450 www.uspto.gov APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO. 10/608,270 06/27/2003 Craig Nevill-Manning 0026-0150 8305 44989 7590 01/19/2012 HARRITY & HARRITY, LLP 11350 Random Hills Road SUITE 600 FAIRFAX, VA 22030 EXAMINER CHANNAVAJJALA, SRIRAMA T ART UNIT PAPER NUMBER 2157 MAIL DATE DELIVERY MODE 01/19/2012 PAPER Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding. The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication. PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07) UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE ____________ BEFORE THE BOARD OF PATENT APPEALS AND INTERFERENCES ____________ Ex parte CRAIG NEVILL-MANNING ____________ Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 Technology Center 2100 ____________ Before JOHN A. JEFFERY, CARLA M. KRIVAK, and DENISE M. POTHIER, Administrative Patent Judges. JEFFERY, Administrative Patent Judge. DECISION ON APPEAL Appellant appeals under 35 U.S.C. § 134(a) from the Examiner’s rejection of claims 1-4, 6-14, 17-26, 28-36, 39-44, 46-58, and 60. We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(b). We affirm-in-part. STATEMENT OF THE CASE Appellant’s invention provides definitions for received phrases in an order based on a ranking of documents containing the definitions. See generally Spec. 1-2. Claim 1 is illustrative: Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 2 1. A system for providing definitions, comprising: a server configured to receive a phrase to be processed and select a plurality of documents each containing at least one definition for the phrase; and a user interface configured to present one or more of the definitions for the phrase in an order determined based on a ranking of the documents that contain the presented one or more definitions. The Examiner relies on the following as evidence of unpatentability: Beeferman US 6,701,309 B1 Mar. 2, 2004 (filed Apr. 21, 2000) Lindblad US 2004/0073541 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 (filed June 13, 2003; provisional application filed June 13, 2002) Kapur US 2004/0249801 A1 Dec. 9, 2004 (filed Apr. 5, 2004; provisional application filed Apr. 4, 2003) Coden US 6,922,809 B2 July 26, 2005 (filed June 27, 2001) Klavans US 2005/0234709 A1 Oct. 20, 2005 (filed Sept. 26, 2002) Martin Maurer, Google.Public.Labs.Glossary, Newsgroup Posting, How To Get a Site Listed in Google Glossary??? Google Groups (2003) (“Maurer”). Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 3 THE REJECTIONS 1. The Examiner rejected claims 1-4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 23-26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 39, 46-49, 52-55, 58, and 60 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Kapur and Klavans. Ans. 3-12.1 2. The Examiner rejected claims 7 and 29 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Kapur, Klavans, and Maurer. Ans. 12-13. 3. The Examiner rejected claims 10-12, 32-34, 50, and 56 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Kapur, Klavans, and Lindblad. Ans. 13-16. 4. The Examiner rejected claims 18, 19, 40, and 41 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Kapur, Klavans, and Coden. Ans. 16-17. 5. The Examiner rejected claims 20-22, 42-44, 51, and 57 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Kapur, Klavans, and Beeferman. Ans. 17-19. THE OBVIOUSNESS REJECTION OVER KAPUR AND KLAVANS The Examiner finds that Kapur’s system provides definitions by enabling the user to retrieve definitions from a selected document by entering phrases in a universal dialog box. Ans. 3-4, 20-29. According to the Examiner, Kapur discloses every recited feature of representative claim 1 except for definitions from plural documents. The Examiner, however, cites 1 Throughout this opinion, we refer to (1) the Appeal Brief filed April 18, 2008; (2) the Examiner’s Answer mailed July 2, 2008; and (3) the Reply Brief filed September 2, 2008. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 4 Klavans as teaching this feature in concluding that the claim would have been obvious. Ans. 3-4, 20-29. Appellant argues that the cited prior art does not teach or suggest a user interface configured to present one or more definitions for a phrase in an order based on ranking documents containing the presented definitions, let alone a server for selecting documents containing at least one definition, as claimed. App. Br. 7-14; Reply Br. 4-8. Appellant also contends that Kapur’s Paragraph 176 and Figure 8 (relied upon by the Examiner) are not supported by Kapur’s corresponding provisional application and therefore do not constitute prior art. Id. Appellant adds that the Examiner’s basis for combining Klavans with Kapur is merely conclusory and therefore improper. App. Br. 11-14. Appellant also argues other dependent claim limitations indicated in the issue statement below. The issues before us, then, are as follows: ISSUES 1. Under § 103, has the Examiner erred by finding that Kapur and Klavans collectively would have taught or suggested: (i) (a) a server configured to select plural documents each containing at least one definition for a received phrase, and (b) a user interface configured to present one or more definitions for the phrase in an order based on ranking documents containing the presented definitions, as recited in claim 1? Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 5 (ii) performing a search based on a query including a predetermined term indicative of a presence of definitions as recited in claim 4? (iii) (a) means for determining plural documents each containing at least one definition, and (b) means for presenting one or more definitions based on a means for matching the phrase to the definitions in an order based on ranking documents containing the presented definitions as, recited in claim 46? (iv) (a) a search engine identifying plural documents based on a search query including terms indicative of a presence of definitions, and storing information regarding each identified document, and (b) a search front end matching a phrase for which a definition is sought against the stored information for each document, returning one or more matching definitions based on this matching, and presenting each matching definition in an order based on a ranking of the documents containing the presented definitions as recited in claim 47? (v) searching a structure of the documents for indications of presence of a definition as recited in claim 49? 2. Is the Examiner’s reason to combine the teachings of Kapur and Klavans supported by articulated reasoning with some rational underpinning to justify the Examiner’s obviousness conclusion? Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 6 FINDINGS OF FACT (FF) 1. The present application was filed June 27, 2003. Kapur was filed April 5, 2004 and its corresponding Provisional Application No. 60/460,222 (“the ‘222 application”) was filed April 4, 2003. 2. Kapur’s system enhances information retrieval via a universal interface. In one embodiment, server system 160 provides search results and media content (e.g., web pages) to client system 120 responsive to received search queries. The server can reference various ranking technologies for classifying and ranking web pages. Kapur, Abstract; ¶¶ 0025-27; Fig. 2. 3. Kapur notes that many search terms have different meanings depending on the context. For example, the term “Java” can refer to (1) the Java computer language; (2) the island of Java; or (3) coffee. As such, Kapur’s server (1) contextually analyzes search queries and/or results, and (2) groups results in contexts for display at the user’s computer with or without associated page links. Kapur, ¶¶ 0028, 0127. 4. Clients can enter actionable information (e.g., URLs, search requests, lookups, updates, links, etc.) via a single entry search box or universal dialog box (UDB). The UDB can be a thin window on one side of a browser window, and can be used for dictionary features. Kapur, ¶¶ 0043- 0044, 0047, 0134, 0152. 5. In one example, after entering the code “travel!” in UDB 500 in Kapur’s Figure 6, a web page (“Yahoo! Travel”) is provided. Since the user in this example wants to obtain a definition of the term “quantity” (i.e., the “argument” of the “define” function), the user enters the text term “define Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 7 quantity” in the travel page’s UDB. The system then finds the dictionary definition, and provides it to the user as a separate web page as shown in Figure 8. The system also searches the argument (“quantity”) and provides the results below the definition. Kapur, ¶ 0176; Figs. 6-8. 6. Kapur’s provisional application has only four figures (Figs. 1-4) which correspond to Figures 1-4 of Kapur’s published application. Kapur’s Figures 6-8 and the corresponding description in Paragraph 0176 do not appear in the provisional application. 7. Paragraphs 0041-42 of the ‘222 application correspond to Paragraphs 0047-48 of Kapur. 8. Appendix C of Kapur’s provisional application describes functionality of the UDB including the availability of a dictionary. ‘222 application, at 19. 9. Paragraphs 0019-22 of the ‘222 application correspond to Paragraphs 0025-28 of Kapur. 10. Klavans automatically generates a dictionary from full-text articles by (1) extracting pairs and storing them as dictionary entries in a database. Klavans, Abstract, ¶¶ 0007-08, 0027-29; Fig. 1. 11. Kapur’s query processing engine can (1) decompose queries into constituent units; (2) implement concept discovery and analysis; and (3) perform context analysis, disambiguation, and other processes that enhance the quality of search results. Kapur, ¶ 0031. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 8 ANALYSIS Claims 1-3, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 23-25, 30, 31, 35, 36, and 39 We begin by addressing the key threshold question in dispute, namely whether certain passages relied upon by the Examiner in Kapur qualify as prior art. Notably, Kapur’s utility application was filed and published after the present application’s filing date. FF 1. Therefore, to constitute prior art, the relied-upon passages in Kapur must be supported by Kapur’s earlier- filed provisional application (the ‘222 application) in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph. See In re Giacomini, 612 F.3d 1380, 1383- 85 (Fed. Cir. 2010); see also Ex parte Yamaguchi, 88 USPQ2d 1606, 1609 (BPAI 2008) (precedential); MPEP §§ 2136.03(III), 706.02(VI)(D). On this record, we agree with Appellant (App. Br. 9-10; Reply Br. 4- 5) that the particular Yahoo! search example in Kapur’s Paragraph 0176 and Figure 8 is not reasonably supported by the eight passages in the ‘222 application cited by the Examiner (Ans. 22) as alleged support for this functionality. Notably, Kapur’s Figures 6-8 and the corresponding description in Paragraph 0176 pertaining to the web sites illustrated in that example do not appear in the provisional application. See FF 5-6. These cited passages do, however, reasonably support Kapur’s UDB functionality that enables the user to search for content via a single search box—functionality that can include dictionary features. See FF 4, 7-8; see also Ans. 22 (citing page 19 of Appendix C of the ‘222 application in connection with using the UDB for dictionary features). Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 9 Notably, the Examiner also relies on Kapur’s Paragraphs 25, 26, and 28 in connection with the disputed limitations of claim 1 (Ans. 3-4). The disclosure of these paragraphs is supported by Kapur’s provisional application (FF 9), and we find these paragraphs at least suggest the disputed limitations. While we find the Examiner’s reliance on the particular search example in Kapur’s Figures 7 and 8 problematic as lacking provisional application support, we nonetheless find no error in the Examiner’s position which relies on the functionality disclosed in Kapur’s Paragraphs 25, 26, and 28. Kapur notes that since many search terms have different meanings depending on the context (e.g., the term “Java” can mean (1) a computer language; (2) an island; or (3) coffee), Kapur’s system groups search results and their associated links in appropriate contexts for display. FF 3. We see no reason why this grouping would not present at least one “definition” (i.e., a search result in a particular context) for a search phrase (e.g., “Java”) in an order based on a ranking of documents that contain the presented definitions (i.e., identifying and grouping the displayed documents according to context). See FF 2-3. In this regard, not only does Kapur at least suggest ranking the corresponding web pages for each context group, but the very act of grouping and displaying the results corresponding to particular contexts would present these “definitions” in an order based on a context- based ranking. See id. We reach this conclusion emphasizing that since the recited term “definitions” merely describes the content of data, it therefore constitutes Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 10 non-functional descriptive material as it does not further limit the claimed invention functionally. Such non-functional descriptive material does not patentably distinguish over prior art that otherwise renders the claims unpatentable.2 In any event, even if we were to give the term patentable weight, the recited “definitions” are hardly limited to dictionary definitions, but rather broadly construed as the “[a]ct of ascertaining and explaining the signification; a description of a thing by its properties; an explanation of the meaning of a word or term . . . .”3 Based on this construction, we see no reason why search results having a particular context for a received phrase would not “define” that phrase, at least with respect to its context—a context that represents or explains a particular meaning of the phrase. See FF 3. Thus, Appellant’s arguments (App. Br. 7-14; Reply Br. 4-8) are not commensurate with the scope of the claim. We find Kapur itself at least suggests the limitations of claim 1 as noted above, and see no error in the Examiner’s reliance on Klavans merely to show that definitions can be associated with plural documents (Ans. 4, 23)—a finding reasonably supported by Klavans’ generating dictionary entries from plural articles. FF 10. Although technically cumulative to Kapur, we nonetheless see no reversible error in the Examiner’s reliance on 2 See In re Ngai, 367 F.3d 1336, 1339 (Fed. Cir. 2004); see also Ex parte Nehls, 88 USPQ2d 1883, 1887-89 (BPAI 2008) (precedential) (discussing cases pertaining to non-functional descriptive material). 3 WEBSTER'S REVISED UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY (1913), at 382, available at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resource=Webster%27s&word=definition&us e1913=on (defining “definition”). Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 11 Klavans for this limited purpose. Nor are we persuaded of error in the Examiner’s combining Klavans with Kapur as proposed since skilled artisans would recognize that enhancing stored definitions via content from plural documents would at least provide a more comprehensive and complete set of stored definitions as the Examiner indicates. Ans. 23-24. We therefore find the Examiner’s reason to combine the teachings of Kapur and Klavans supported by articulated reasoning with some rational underpinning to justify the Examiner’s obviousness conclusion. We are therefore not persuaded that the Examiner erred in rejecting (1) representative claim 1; (2) claim 23 which recites commensurate limitations;4 and (3) claims 2, 3, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 24, 25, 30, 31, 35, 36, and 39 not separately argued with particularity. Claims 4, 6, 26, and 28 We will not, however, sustain the Examiner’s rejection of claim 4 since the Examiner relies solely on the functionality of Kapur’s Paragraph 0176 and Figure 8 in connection with this claim (Ans. 5, 29)—an example that is not reasonably supported by the ‘222 application as noted previously. Although Kapur’s provisional application supports entering search terms in the UDB to retrieve definitions (see FF 3-4, 7-9), the Examiner nonetheless relies solely on the “define (argument)” function shown in Kapur’s Figures 7 4 Although Appellant nominally argues independent claim 23 separately (App. Br. 18-24), the arguments are similar to those for claim 1. We therefore treat claim 23 accordingly. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 12 and 8 and described in Paragraph 0176, which is not supported by the ‘222 application. See FF 6. That is, the Examiner maps the term “quantity” in Figures 7 and 8 (corresponding to the argument of the “define” function) to the recited predetermined term indicative of the presence of definitions. While this may be true, the “define (argument)” function is nonetheless not supported by Kapur’s provisional application; therefore, the Examiner erred by relying solely on this functionality. To the extent that the entered search terms in connection with Kapur’s searching and retrieving context-based results noted above (FF 2-3) at least suggests the recited predetermined terms indicative of the presence of definitions has not been articulated on this record, nor will we engage in this inquiry here in the first instance on appeal. We are therefore constrained by this record to reverse the Examiner’s rejection of (1) claim 4; (2) claim 26 which recites commensurate limitations; and (3) dependent claims 6 and 28 for similar reasons.5 Since this issue is dispositive regarding our reversing the rejection of these claims, we need not address Appellant’s other arguments pertaining to claims 6 and 28 (App. Br. 16-17, 25-26; Reply Br. 9-10). 5 Although claim 28 depends from claim 23, it nonetheless further limits “the predetermined term,” a limitation first recited in claim 26. Since the term “the predetermined term” has no antecedent basis in claim 23, we therefore presume that claim 28 depends from claim 26 to provide proper antecedent basis as was done for commensurate claim 6 which depends from claim 4—not claim 1. Compare claim 28 with claim 6. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 13 Claim 46 We will, however, sustain the Examiner’s rejection of independent claim 46 essentially for the reasons indicated previously regarding claim 1. Moreover, as noted above, we see no error in the Examiner’s position based on Kapur’s Paragraphs 25 and 28 (Ans. 8, 32-34) which, by retrieving, organizing, and displaying search results according their context, at least suggests an equivalent means for (1) determining documents containing at least one definition, and (2) presenting the definitions based on a means for matching the phrase to the definitions in an order based on ranking documents containing the presented definitions, as claimed. See FF 2-3. Thus, Appellant’s arguments regarding the supported relied-upon passages of Kapur and Klavans (App. Br. 27, 29-32) are unpersuasive and not commensurate with the scope of the claim. We are therefore not persuaded that the Examiner erred in rejecting claim 46. Claims 47, 48, 52-54, 58, and 60 We also sustain the Examiner’s rejection of representative claim 47 essentially for the reasons indicated previously regarding claim 46 and by the Examiner (Ans. 9-11, 36-39). We find no error in the Examiner’s reliance on Kapur’s supported disclosure in connection with the functionality of Paragraphs 25, 26, and 30 as it pertains to the recited search engine and front end (Ans. 9-11, 36-39)—functionality that at least suggests returning one or more matching definitions. See FF 2-3. We reach this Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 14 conclusion particularly in light of Kapur’s retrieving, organizing, and displaying search results according to their context, as noted above. See id. Based on this functionality, skilled artisans would recognize that retrieving results tailored to a particular search phrase’s context as noted above would involve some sort of search “front end” that (1) matches the phrase against stored information for each document; (2) returns matching definitions based on this matching; and (3) presents each matching definition in an order based on a document ranking. See id. Appellant’s arguments in this regard (App. Br. 32-33, 35-39) are not commensurate with the scope of the claim that does not preclude Kapur’s context-based retrieval and presentation of search results. Nor are we persuaded of error in the Examiner’s combining Klavans with Kapur for the reasons noted previously. We are therefore not persuaded that the Examiner erred in rejecting (1) representative claim 47; (2) independent claims 53 and 60 reciting commensurate limitations;6 and (3) claims 48, 52, 54, and 58 not separately argued with particularity. Claims 49 and 55 We also sustain the Examiner’s rejection of representative claim 49 reciting searching a structure of the documents for indications of presence of a definition. We find no error in the Examiner’s reliance on Kapur’s 6 Although Appellant nominally argues independent claims 53 and 60 separately (App. Br. 41-47, 49-55), the arguments are similar to those for claim 47. We therefore treat claims 53 and 60 accordingly. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 15 supported disclosure in Paragraphs 0025 and 0031 (Ans. 11, 40) for at least suggesting searching a document structure for definitions as claimed, since Kapur’s query processing engine performs not only concept discovery and analysis, but also context analysis to enhance search result quality. FF 11. This functionality at least suggests searching the documents’ structure as claimed with respect to Kapur’s context-based retrieval and presentation of search results noted previously. Appellant’s arguments (App. Br. 39-40) are therefore not commensurate with the scope of the claim. We are therefore not persuaded that the Examiner erred in rejecting claim 49 and claim 55, which recites commensurate limitations.7 THE OBVIOUSNESS REJECTIONS OVER KAPUR, KLAVANS, AND LINDBLAD Regarding representative claim 50, the Examiner finds that Kapur and Klavans teach all recited features except for parsing the identified documents to identify occurrences of the phrase for which a definition is sought. The Examiner, however, cites Lindblad for teaching this feature in concluding that the claim would have been obvious. Ans. 13-15, 41-42. Appellant argues that (1) the cited passages from Lindblad do not teach or suggest parsing to identify occurrences of the phrase for which a definition is sought as claimed, and (2) the Examiner’s rationale for 7 Although Appellant nominally argues claim 55 separately (App. Br. 47- 49), the arguments are similar to those for claim 49. We therefore treat claim 55 accordingly. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 16 combining the references is merely conclusory. App. Br. 57-60. The issues before us, then, are as follows: ISSUES (1) Under § 103, has the Examiner erred in rejecting claim 50 by finding that Kapur, Klavans, and Lindblad collectively would have taught or suggested parsing the identified documents to identify occurrences of the phrase for which a definition is sought? (2) Is the Examiner’s reason to combine the teachings of these references supported by articulated reasoning with some rational underpinning to justify the Examiner’s obviousness conclusion? ADDITIONAL FINDINGS OF FACT 12. Lindblad’s XQuery server 200 generates step queries and results from documents 202 and stores them in a database. In one embodiment, the documents are parsed documents created by an XML parsing process that (1) accepts XML textual inputs; (2) analyzes the document element structure; and (3) outputs a data structure representing the input document as a linked collection of element nodes. Lindblad, ¶ 0042; Fig. 9. ANALYSIS Based on the record before us, we find no error in the Examiner’s obviousness rejection of representative claim 50 which recites, in pertinent part, parsing the identified documents to identify occurrences of the phrase Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 17 for which a definition is sought. We see no reason why skilled artisans could not use a parser, such as that disclosed by Lindblad, in connection with Kapur’s search and retrieval functionality as the Examiner indicates (Ans. 13-15, 41-42), particularly since Lindblad teaches parsing documents to generate queries and query results, and storing them in a database. See FF 12. Such a technique would be advantageous to identify phrase occurrences using Kapur’s technique in a structured document (e.g., an XML document) as in Lindblad. See id. Such an enhancement merely predictably uses prior art elements according to their established functions—an obvious improvement. KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 417 (2007). We therefore find the Examiner’s reason to combine the teachings of the cited references supported by articulated reasoning with some rational underpinning to justify the Examiner’s obviousness conclusion. We are therefore not persuaded that the Examiner erred in rejecting (1) representative claim 50; (2) claim 56 which recites commensurate limitations;8 and (3) claims 10-12 and 32-34 not separately argued with particularity. THE REMAINING OBVIOUSNESS REJECTIONS We also sustain the Examiner’s obviousness rejections of claims 8 Although Appellant nominally argues claim 56 separately (App. Br. 60- 62), the arguments are similar to those for claim 50. We therefore treat claim 56 accordingly. Appeal 2009-005209 Application 10/608,270 18 18-22, 29, 40-44, 51, and 57. Ans. 12-13, 16-19. Appellant does not particularly identify error in the Examiner’s reasoning to overcome the Examiner’s obviousness conclusion for these claims, but rather reiterates similar arguments made previously. App. Br. 56, 63-65. We are not persuaded by these arguments, however, for the reasons previously discussed. We do not, however, sustain the Examiner’s rejection of claim 7 over Kapur, Klavans, and Maurer (Ans. 12-13) since we previously reversed the rejection of claim 4 from which claim 7 depends. CONCLUSION Under § 103, the Examiner did not err in rejecting claims 1-3, 8-14, 17-25, 29-36, 39-44, 46-58, and 60, but erred in rejecting claims 4, 6, 7, 26, and 28. ORDER The Examiner’s decision rejecting claims 1-4, 6-14, 17-26, 28-36, 39- 44, 46-58, and 60 is affirmed-in-part. No time period for taking any subsequent action in connection with this appeal may be extended under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a)(1)(iv). AFFIRMED-IN-PART rwk Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation