Ex Parte Cohen et alDownload PDFPatent Trial and Appeal BoardSep 15, 201512215445 (P.T.A.B. Sep. 15, 2015) Copy Citation UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS P.O. Box 1450 Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450 www.uspto.gov APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO. 12/215,445 06/27/2008 Jason C. Cohen 64049477US01 5533 23556 7590 09/16/2015 KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE, INC. Patent Docketing 2300 Winchester Rd. NEENAH, WI 54956 EXAMINER LLOYD, EMILY M ART UNIT PAPER NUMBER 3739 MAIL DATE DELIVERY MODE 09/16/2015 PAPER Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding. The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication. PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07) UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE ____________ BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD ____________ Ex parte JASON C. COHEN, COREY THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, DAVID W. KOENIG, and THOMAS MICHAEL ALES III ____________ Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,4451 Technology Center 3700 ____________ Before DONALD E. ADAMS, KENNETH G. SCHOPFER, and AMANDA F. WIEKER, Administrative Patent Judges. SCHOPFER, Administrative Patent Judge. DECISION ON APPEAL This is an appeal under 35 U.S.C. § 134 involving claims to clothing sufficiency systems and methods of determining clothing sufficiency. The Examiner rejected the claims as anticipated or obvious. We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(b). We affirm. STATEMENT OF THE CASE Background The Specification “relates to an apparatus and method for reassuring a caregiver that a baby or other non-communicating subject is sufficiently but 1 According to Appellants, the real party in interest is Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Br. 1. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 2 not overly clothed or otherwise covered. The apparatus and method use objective measurements indicative of the temperature of the microclimate between the subject and the subject’s clothing.” Spec. 1. The Claims Claims 1–23 are on appeal. Claim 1 is representative and reads as follows. 1. A clothing sufficiency indication system for use in conjunction with a disposable absorbent article for a subject having skin, the system comprising: a microclimate sensor adapted to be disposed on the disposable absorbent article, the microclimate sensor including a microclimate temperature sensing portion adapted to sense a microclimate temperature, wherein the clothing sufficiency indication system is adapted to generate and display a non- numeric clothing sufficiency indication based on the microclimate temperature. Br. 15. The Rejections 1. The Examiner maintains that claims 1, 5–11, 15, 18, and 20 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) over Stivoric.2 2. The Examiner maintains that claims 12, 16, 17, and 21 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Stivoric. 3. The Examiner maintains that claims 1, 5–12, and 15–17 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Stivoric in view of Klofta.3 2 Stivoric et al., US 2005/0245839 A1, published Nov. 3, 2005. 3 Klofta et al., US 2007/0185467 A1, published Aug. 9, 2007 Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 3 4. The Examiner maintains that claim 18 is unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) over Pietersen.4 5. The Examiner maintains that claims 1–5 and 19 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Pietersen in view of Klofta. 6. The Examiner maintains that claim 23 is unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Pietersen. 7. The Examiner maintains that claims 13 and 14 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Pietersen in view of Klofta and Stivoric. 8. The Examiner maintains that claim 22 is unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Stivoric in view of Pietersen. DISCUSSION Appellants raise separate arguments regarding each of the independent claims and certain dependent claims. See Br. 5–13. To the extent necessary we address those claims separately below. Principles of Law The Examiner must establish a prima facie case of anticipation under § 102 by showing, as a matter of fact, that all elements arranged as specified in a claim are disclosed within the four corners of a reference, either expressly or inherently, in a manner enabling one skilled in the art to practice an embodiment of the claimed invention without undue experimentation. ClearValue, Inc. v. Pearl River Polymers, Inc., 668 F.3d 1340, 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2012); Sanofi-Synthelabo v. Apotex, Inc., 550 F.3d 1075, 1083 (Fed. Cir. 2008). 4 Pietersen, US 2006/0258916 A1, published Nov. 16, 2006. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 4 In order to establish a prima facie case of obviousness, the Examiner must show that each and every limitation of the claim is described or suggested by the combination of prior art references or would have been obvious based on the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art. In re Fine, 837 F.2d 1071, 1074 (Fed. Cir. 1988). The Examiner can satisfy this burden by showing “some articulated reasoning with some rational underpinning to support the legal conclusion of obviousness.” KSR Int'l Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 418 (2007). “The test for obviousness is not whether the features of a secondary reference may be bodily incorporated into the structure of the primary reference . . . . Rather, the test is what the combined teachings of the references would have suggested to those of ordinary skill in the art.” In re Keller, 642 F.2d 413, 425 (CCPA 1981). Further, during prosecution, an application’s claims are given their broadest reasonable scope consistent with the specification. In re Am. Acad. of Sci. Tech. Ctr., 367 F.3d 1359, 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2004). Findings of Fact Stivoric discloses a disposable absorbent article with a microclimate sensor as shown in Figure 1. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 5 Figure 1 “is a diagrammatic representation of a system utilizing the temperature measurement module together with various embodiments of a receiver device.” Stivoric ¶ 53. The system includes a diaper 60 and a temperature module 55 with a display 86A disposed on the diaper that may display current skin and/or ambient temperature. Id. at ¶¶ 100, 103, 104. The module 55 is adapted to measure a microclimate temperature, i.e., the temperature of the area enclosed within the diaper. Id. at ¶ 128; Ans. 4–6. Stivoric discloses that the system includes a receiver 65 and/or 85 that: provides a locus of information relating to the changing condition of the wearer and may present an iconic, analog or digital indication as to the data being measured, any derived information based upon both measured and other data as well as certain contextual information. Also displayed may be trends of change and indications of changes meeting certain present thresholds. Alarms, warnings and messages, both on the receiver and sent through the various transmission networks Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 6 may be initiated upon the meeting of such preselected or event driven thresholds. Stivoric ¶ 48. Stivoric also discloses that the receiver may display iconic indications of temperature change. Id. at ¶ 166. Stivoric discloses: With respect to infants and other non-communicative children and adults, the device may be utilized to determine environmental temperature comfort level. This may be related to determining whether the wearer is too hot or too cold in a particular room or whether the clothing being worn is too heavy or too light. Similar to the bathroom training example above, a learning period may be necessary to determine the particular comfort zone of each wearer as well as any ancillary physiological or emotional responses detected during and prior as well as subsequent to the individual getting to such a state. Additionally, certain generalized comfort temperature zones may be provided with the device for use prior to or in lieu of personalization. At its most extreme, the device may also detect hypo- and hyperthermia, shivering or a rise in body or skin temperature to levels of concern as referenced with respect to the firefighter example, above. Id. at ¶ 246. Stivoric also discloses that “[t]emperature sensing . . . may also provide information as to whether the wearer is too hot or too cold.” Id. at ¶ 248. Stivoric also discloses: FIG. 32 [reproduced below] illustrates another distinct illustration for detection of a particular event or activity. A single femoral module is utilized, producing femoral skin temperature output 979 and femoral ambient temperature output 981. In this illustration, the patient's diaper was removed for collecting the rectal data point 991 at time point T1. A characteristic trough 992 immediately preceding time point T1 in femoral ambient temperature output 981 without corresponding changes in femoral skin temperature sensor Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 7 output 979 indicates the sudden change in ambient conditions without change in skin temperature. This pattern is identifiable and repeatable and may be detected reliably once the system learns to observe the relevant parameters. Id. at ¶ 241. Figure 32 is an example of “a graphical representation of output of the temperature measurement module.” Id. at ¶ 94. Additionally, Stivoric discloses that “if heat flux is too low for too long a period of time but skin temperature continues to rise, the wearer is likely to have a problem” and the use of a heat flux sensor to detect proximity of other humans to a patient, such as a mother holding an infant. Id. at ¶ 228, 234–237. Pietersen discloses a device for monitoring “one or more indicators relating to the health or comfort of a person.” Pietersen ¶ 8. Figure 3 shows such a device in the form of a diaper: Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 8 Figure 3 shows a device 10 “for continuously monitoring one or more indicators relating to the health or comfort” of an infant wearing a diaper 14. Id. at ¶ 38, 41. Pietersen discloses that device 10 may include a means for sensing the temperature between the diaper/clothing and the skin of the wearer, which may activate a “communicating means should the measured temperature be below or above a predetermined value or value range.” Id. at ¶ 17, see also, id. at ¶¶ 44, 45. Pietersen also discloses: The device 10 includes a user interface panel 32 using known technology in electrical communication with the electronic circuitry. Detail of the user interface panel 32 (not shown) includes one or more push-button switches (of the type typically used in membrane keypads) for enabling and disabling Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 9 the device, or for changing the settings of the device. The interface panel 32 further accommodates one or more light- emitting diodes, liquid crystal displays or other components for visual indications. Id. at ¶ 55. Pietersen discloses: Additionally, a sensing means for sensing temperature and which is in use located exterior the item of clothing of the person wearing the device, may be provided. The values measured by the two temperature sensors may be compared continuously so as to calculate the rate of heat loss of the person wearing the device. When the rate of heat loss falls below or rises above a predetermined value or range of values, this may activate the communicating means. Id. at ¶ 18. Klofta discloses a disposable absorbent article such as a diaper with a sensor using thermochromic materials used to indicate certain conditions to a caretaker. See Klofta ¶¶ 2, 3. Regarding uses for the sensor, Klofta discloses the use of “linguistic indicia [to] provide some written signal to the caregiver that a change in condition has been detected. For instance, a suitable linguistic indicator includes the phrases ‘check me’, ‘fever’, ‘warm me up’, ‘I’m warm’, ‘I’m cold’, ‘check temp’, ‘check my temperature’, ‘OK’, etc.” Id. at ¶ 69. Analysis Rejection 1: Anticipation over Stivoric Appellants argue only that this rejection should be reversed based on limitations found in independent claims 1 and 18. See Br. 7–8. Accordingly, we address claims 1 and 18 below. Claim 1 Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 10 With respect to the anticipation rejection of claim 1 over Stivoric, Appellants argue: Stivoric does not disclose, teach, or suggest a clothing sufficiency indication system adapted to generate and display a non-numeric clothing sufficiency indication. As stated in part by the Examiner, Stivoric at paragraph [0246] states that “[t]his may be related to determining whether the wearer is too hot or too cold in a particular room or whether the clothing being worn is too heavy or too light.” Stivoric does not explain how this determination is accomplished. Stivoric also does not explain how or even if this determination is communicated to anyone. Figs. 16 and 18A appear to illustrate a temperature indicator. In essence, Stivoric discloses a thermometer that makes a determination, without an explanation with respect to how a determination is made, or how/if such a determination is communicated. Assuming, arguendo, that Stivoric produces a temperature that can be seen as a microclimate temperature, Stivoric still does not generate and display a clothing sufficiency recommendation based on that microclimate temperature. A temperature cannot be taken to be the same thing as a clothing sufficiency recommendation because these are separate elements in claim 1. Br. 8 (emphasis added); see also id. at 5. For the reasons cited by the Examiner, we find Appellants’ arguments unpersuasive. Specifically, Stivoric discloses a microclimate sensor, that the device may be utilized to determine “whether the clothing being worn is too heavy or too light,” and that the device includes a receiver that presents iconic information related to any derived information from the sensor. See Ans. 6–8. We find that Stivoric’s disclosure of an iconic display related to the change in the microclimate temperature reads on the claim requirement that the system is adapted to generate and display a non-numeric clothing sufficiency indication based on the microclimate temperature. Further, we Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 11 agree with the Examiner that Appellants’ focus on Stivoric’s alleged failure to disclose how a determination is made is not relevant as the claim does not include a requirement as to how such a determination is made. See id. at 19. Based on the foregoing, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of anticipation with respect to claim 1, which Appellants failed to rebut. Accordingly, we affirm the rejection of claim 1, and claims 5–11 and 15 fall with claim 1. Claim 18 With respect to the rejection of claim 18 over Stivoric, Appellants argue that Stivoric does not indicate how a clothing sufficiency determination is made; does not include any disclosure related to translating a temperature into a clothing sufficiency recommendation and communicating it to a caregiver; and that a simple temperature reading is not the same thing as a clothing sufficiency recommendation. Br. 5. We find these arguments unpersuasive for the reasons identified above with respect to claim 1. As found above, Stivoric discloses measuring a microclimate temperature; presenting iconic information representing a temperature change at a receiver; and the use of the information derived by the device to determine whether the clothing being worn is too heavy or too light. Further, we agree with the Examiner that because the device is disclosed in the context of use with non-communicative patients, the results are necessarily communicated to a caregiver. Ans. 19. Based on the foregoing, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of anticipation with respect to claim 18, which Appellants failed to rebut. Accordingly, we affirm the rejection of claim 18, and claim 20 falls with claim 18. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 12 Rejection 2: Obviousness over Stivoric. With respect to this rejection, Appellants present separate arguments with respect to dependent claims 16 and 17 and independent claim 21. We address these claims separately below. Additionally, because Appellants have not raised separate arguments with respect to claim 12, we affirm that rejection for the reasons stated by the Examiner. See Ans. 11. Claim 16 Claim 16 depends from claim 1 and further requires that the system is adapted to indicate a recommendation to seek medical assistance. Appellants argue that an abnormal temperature in Stivoric may represent a situation such as a workout in progress, normal fever, or firefighter at work that does not require medical assistance and that Stivoric does not teach or suggest indicating an abnormal temperature that requires medical assistance. Br. 16. We find this argument unpersuasive for the reasons cited by the Examiner. See Ans. 21–22. Specifically, the rejection relies upon the use of the device in the context of infants or other non- communicative individuals and Stivoric specifically indicates that “the device may also detect hypo- and hyperthermia.” See id.; Stivoric ¶ 246. For these reasons, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of obviousness with respect to claim 16, which Appellants failed to rebut. Thus, we affirm the rejection of claim 16. Claim 17 Claim 17 depends from claim 1 and requires that the system includes a recommendation of a type of clothing to be added or removed. Appellants argue that this rejection should be reversed because “Stivoric does not provide a recommendation of a type of clothing to be Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 13 added or removed or any guidance in interpreting a temperature reading.” Br. 10. We disagree for the reasons provided by the Examiner, i.e., an indication of whether clothing worn is too heavy or too light at least suggests to the caregiver a type of clothing that should be added or removed. See Ans. 22. For these reasons, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of obviousness with respect to claim 17, which Appellants failed to rebut. Thus, we affirm the rejection of claim 17. Claim 21 With respect to independent claim 21, Appellants argue that Stivoric does not teach or suggest that a caregiver is informed whether an elevated microclimate temperature is caused by an external source or a body source. Br. 10. For the reasons cited by the Examiner, we find Appellants’ arguments unpersuasive. See Ans. 12–13, 22–23. We first note that Appellants do not dispute that the ambient temperature sensor of Stivoric measures a microclimate temperature as claimed and that Stivoric also discloses a separate sensor for measuring skin temperature. Second, we agree with the Examiner that Figure 32 and its description in Stivoric suggests that a heat flux is determined and analyzed to determine that a change in microclimate temperature is due to a diaper change. Further, Stivoric explicitly discloses that “if heat flux is too low for too long a period of time but skin temperature continues to rise, the wearer is likely to have a problem” and the use of a heat flux sensor to detect proximity of other humans to a patient, such as a mother holding an infant. Stivoric ¶ 228, 234–237. Contrary to Appellants’ argument, these disclosures do suggest informing a caregiver regarding the cause of temperature changes and it would have been obvious that such Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 14 information would include whether an elevated microclimate temperature is caused by an external source or a body source. Based on the foregoing, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of obviousness with respect to claim 21, which Appellants failed to rebut. Accordingly, we affirm the rejection of claim 21. Rejection 3: Obviousness over Stivoric and Klofta In addition to the anticipation rejection of claim 1 over Stivoric, the Examiner alternatively relies on Klofta to disclose a non-numeric clothing sufficiency indication. See Ans. 8. The Examiner concludes that it would have been obvious to incorporate Klofta’s clothing sufficiency indications into Stivoric’s device to provide explicit written indications to the caregiver. Id. Appellants do not dispute that Klofta discloses a non-numeric clothing sufficiency indication. See Br. 8–9. Rather, Appellants only argue that there would be no reasonable expectation of success in combining Klofta with Stivoric. Id. at 8. Appellants assert that “[t]here appears to be no way to combine Klofta’s thermochromic technology with Stivoric’s electronic device” and “there is no indication how Stivoric could possibly generate” images such as Klofta’s graphics. Id. at 8–9. We find Appellants’ arguments unpersuasive for the reasons identified by the Examiner. Ans. 21. Specifically, the test for obviousness is not whether Klofta’s device may be bodily incorporated into the structure of Stivoric’s device and that the rejection only concludes that it would have been obvious to modify Stivoric’s display to display words as taught by Klofta. Id. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 15 For these reasons and the reasons identified above with respect to the anticipation of claim 1 over Stivoric, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of obviousness with respect to claim 1, which Appellants failed to rebut. Accordingly, we affirm this rejection of claim 1. Dependent claims 5–12 and 15–17 fall with claim 1. Rejection 4: Anticipation over Pietersen With respect to the anticipation rejection of claim 18 over Pietersen, Appellants argue that Pietersen fails to translate a microclimate temperature into a clothing sufficiency recommendation and communicate the recommendation to a caregiver. Br. 6–7. We find Appellants’ arguments unpersuasive. We find that Pietersen discloses a sensor for determining the microclimate temperature, i.e., the temperature between the diaper and the skin of the wearer, and a means for communication, including components for an alarm, LEDs, or “other components for visual indications,” which are activated if the measured microclimate temperature is above or below a specific value. See Pietersen ¶¶ 17, 44, 45, 55. Thus, we find that Pietersen’s disclosure of measuring a microclimate temperature and providing an alarm when the temperature is above or below a certain value meets the claimed translating and communicating steps of claim 18 under their broadest reasonable interpretation. With respect to the broadest reasonable interpretation of this claim, Appellants have not pointed to any specific definition of clothing sufficiency recommendation in the Specification and have only shown that it is something more than a bare temperature reading. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 16 Based on the foregoing, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of anticipation of claim 18 over Pietersen, which Appellants failed to rebut. Thus, we affirm the rejection of claim 18. Rejection 5: Obviousness over Pietersen and Klofta With respect to this rejection, Appellants argue that Pietersen does not generate and display a non-numeric clothing sufficiency recommendation based on the microclimate temperature and that the combination with Klofta would have no reasonable expectation of success. We find Appellants’ arguments unpersuasive for the same reasons provided above with respect to the rejection of claim 18 over Pietersen and claim 1 over Stivoric and Klofta. Specifically, with respect to claim 18, we found that Pietersen discloses translating a microclimate temperature into clothing sufficiency recommendation, and for the same reasons we find that Pietersen’s system is adapted to generate and display a clothing sufficiency indication based on the microclimate temperature. With respect to the combination with Klofta, we find that Appellants are again relying on an improper bodily incorporation argument that fails to address that the rejection only relies on Klofta for the use of non-numeric indications of clothing sufficiency and that it would have been obvious to modify Pietersen’s communicating means to display such indications. See Ans. 14– 15. Based on the foregoing, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of obviousness with respect to claim 1 over Pietersen and Klofta, which Appellants failed to rebut. Accordingly, we affirm the rejection of claim 1. Dependent claims 2–5 fall with claim 1. Regarding claim 19, Appellants do not present any separate arguments other than those Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 17 directed to the anticipation rejection of independent claim 18 over Pietersen. Thus, for the reasons cited by the Examiner and reasons discussed above with respect to claim 18, we affirm the rejection of claim 19. Rejection 6: Obviousness over Pietersen With respect to the rejection of claim 23 over Pietersen, Appellants argue: Pietersen discusses only heat loss and providing an alarm if the heat loss is not within a range. There is nothing in Pietersen to indicate that directionality of heat transfer is an issue, and nothing to indicate that informing a caregiver whether the elevated microclimate temperature is caused by an external source or a body source is desirable or even possible. Pietersen appears to merely provide an alarm when heat loss is out of range, but does not explain what this would mean to a caregiver, or how a caregiver would know whether the heat loss is positive or negative and what that means with respect to the cause of an elevated microclimate temperature. Further, the Examiner does not provide evidence of the level of skill in the art at the time of filing to support the Examiner’s opinion that one of ordinary skill would be motivated to alter Pietersen to achieve the subject matter of claim 23 without the present application as a guide. Because such motivation to modify the reference does come from Pietersen, it must come from the knowledge generally available to one of ordinary skill in the art. The rejection provides no evidence of the knowledge generally available to one of ordinary skill in the art. Br. 10–11. As found above with respect to claim 18, Pietersen discloses measuring a microclimate temperature, i.e., the temperature between the diaper and the skin of the wearer. See Pietersen ¶ 17. Pietersen also discloses measuring the ambient temperature outside the clothing. Id. at ¶ 18. Pietersen further provides that the temperatures from the two sensors Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 18 are continuously compared to calculate the rate of heat loss and that a communicating means may be activated depending on whether the rate of loss/flux falls below or rises above predetermined values. Id. Thus, we find that Pietersen discloses determining a heat flux between the microclimate and the ambient environment. Further, we agree with the Examiner that a determination of directionality of heat transfer would have been within the scope of knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art, and we find that a determination of the directionality itself would provide an indication of whether the elevated microclimate temperature was caused by an external source or a body source. Thus, we find Appellants’ arguments unpersuasive. Based on the foregoing, we determine that the Examiner established a prima facie showing of obviousness with respect to claim 23, which Appellants failed to rebut. Accordingly, we affirm this rejection. Rejection 7: Obviousness over Pietersen, Klofta, and Stivoric With respect to this rejection, Appellants argue that it should be reversed for the same reasons as the rejection of claim 1 over Pietersen and Klofta. Br. 13. Appellants also note “that even in the combination of references, one is left without having both an ambient temperature sensor and a microclimate temperature sensor. Each reference only senses one of these, based on its position either inside or outside of clothing.” Id. We disagree for the reasons provided by the Examiner, namely that Pietersen discloses both a microclimate sensor and an ambient sensor. Ans. 17. Stivoric was relied upon only for the disclosure of a transmitter. Id. For the reasons cited by the Examiner and the reasons cited above in our affirmance of the rejection of claim 1 over Pietersen and Klofta, we affirm the rejection of claims 13 and 14. Appeal 2012-008215 Application 12/215,445 19 Rejection 8: Obviousness over Stivoric in view of Pietersen With respect to the rejection of claim 22, Appellants argue only that “claim 22 is patentable because of the deficiencies in Stivoric and Pietersen cited above with respect to independent claim 21.” Br. 13. We have found no such deficiencies in Stivoric or Pietersen. Thus, for the reasons provided by the Examiner, we affirm the rejection of claim 22. CONCLUSION For the reasons set forth above, we affirm all rejections. No time period for taking any subsequent action in connection with this appeal may be extended under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a)(1)(iv). AFFIRMED bar Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation