Ex Parte Bokorny et al

Patent Trial and Appeal Board

Aug 21, 2018

12594561 (P.T.A.B. Aug. 21, 2018)

UNITED STA TES p A TENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE
12/594,561 12/04/2009
4743 7590 08/23/2018
MARSHALL, GERSTEIN & BORUN LLP
233 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE
6300 WILLIS TOWER
CHICAGO, IL 60606-6357
FIRST NAMED INVENTOR
Stefan Bokorny
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
United States Patent and Trademark Office
Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS
P.O. Box 1450
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450
www .uspto.gov
ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO.
27656/44935 5009
EXAMINER
PURDY, KYLE A
ART UNIT PAPER NUMBER
1611
NOTIFICATION DATE DELIVERY MODE
08/23/2018 ELECTRONIC
Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding.
The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication.
Notice of the Office communication was sent electronically on above-indicated "Notification Date" to the
following e-mail address(es):
mgbdocket@marshallip.com
PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07)
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
Ex parte STEP AN BOKORNY,
WENDELIN JAN STARK, and STEFAN FRIDOLIN LOHER
Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
Technology Center 1600
Before RICHARD M. LEBOVITZ, JEFFREY N. FRED MAN, and
JOHN G. NEW, Administrative Patent Judges.
FREDMAN, Administrative Patent Judge.
DECISION ON APPEAL
This is an appeal 1,2 under 35 U.S.C. § 134 involving claims to a
composite material containing a polymer and nanoparticles. The Examiner
rejected the claims as obvious. We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(b).
We affirm but designate our affirmance as a new ground of rejection.
1 Appellants identify the Real Parties in Interest as PERLEN
CONVERTING AG and ETH ZURICH (see App. Br. 2).
2 We have considered and herein refer to the Specification of Oct. 2, 2009
("Spec."); Final Office Action ofNov. 16, 2015 ("Final Action"); Appeal
Brief of Sept. 13, 2016 ("App. Br."); Examiner's Answer of Feb. 8, 2017
("Answer"); and Reply Brief of Apr. 6, 2017 ("Reply Br.").
Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
Statement of the Case
Background
The Specification teaches "it is an aim of the present invention to
provide a material that can be degraded in biological environments and is
highly antimicrobial over prolonged periods" (Spec. 2:32-35).
The Claims3
Claims 6-10 and 23 are on appeal. Claim 6 is representative and
reads as follows:
6. A composite material containing a polymer and
nanoparticles wherein said nanoparticles comprise a non-
persistent support material and metallic silver particles on the
surface of said non-persistent support material wherein:
a. at least 95%(w/w) of said nanoparticles have a
hydrodynamic diameter <500nm;
b. said nanoparticles have a water content <5%(w/w);
c. said non-persistent support material is selected from the
group consisting of tricalcium phosphate and magnesium-doped
tricalcium phosphate or mixtures thereof;
d. at least 95% (n/n) of said metallic silver particles have a
diameter of< 10nm said nanoparticles being dispersed in said
polymer.
The Rejection
The Examiner has rejected claims 6-10 and 23 under 35 U.S.C.
§ I03(a) as obvious over Sakuma4 and Anayama5 (Final Act. 4--5).
3 Claims 1-5 and 11-22 were withdrawn and claim 24 was cancelled (see
App. Br. 2).
4 Sakuma et al., US 2004/0259973 Al, publ. Dec. 23, 2004.
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Application 12/594,561
The Examiner finds Sakuma teaches a composite particle where
"tricalcium phosphate and silver nitride are provided together such that
tricalcium phosphate having silver carried on the surface is produced" with
"an average particle diameter of 0.3 microns (300 nm)" and a "water content
[that] would be less than 5% by weight" (Final Act. 4).
The Examiner also finds that in Sakuma, "metallic silver is also
suggested" but acknowledges "Sakuma fails to teach the metallic silver as
having a diameter of< 10 nm" (Final Act. 5). The Examiner finds Anayama
teaches an "antibacterial powder [that] features silver metal particles of
submicron size wherein the size of the silver particles are 4 nm or less" (id.).
The Examiner finds it obvious "modify the teaching of Sakuma such
that metallic silver used in the invention had a diameter of less than 10 nm,
as taught by Anayama with a reasonable expectation for success in arriving
at a composite exhibiting antimicrobial activity" (Final Act. 5).
The issue with respect to this rejection is: Does a preponderance of
the evidence of record support the Examiner's conclusion that Sakuma and
Anayama render the claims obvious?
Findings of Fact
1. Sakuma teaches "antibacterial composite particles, which are
obtained by adding and/or coating inorganic fine particles carrying a metal
having antibacterial activity to a base material having affinity with a fiber
forming polymer" (Sakuma ,r 13).
5 Anayama et al., JP 2003/212707 A, publ. July 30, 2003 (We rely both on
the abstract provided by the Examiner and a new machine text translation
cited on a PT0-892).
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Application 12/594,561
2. Sakuma teaches "to obtain silver-carried tricalcium phosphate"
where the "antibacterial tricalcium phosphate inorganic fine particles had a
volume average particle diameter of 0.3 µm" (Sakuma ,-r 91 ).
3. Sakuma teaches the "tricalcium phosphate and 22 g of silver
nitride were added to 10 L of distilled water, followed by stirring.
Subsequently, the product thus formed was washed with distilled water and
dried to obtain silver-carried tricalcium phosphate," after which the "silver-
carried tricalcium phosphate was baked at 800° C" (Sakuma ,-r 91). Based on
the baking, the Examiner finds it would "be expected that the water content
would be less than 5% by weight" (Final Act. 4 ).
4. Sakuma teaches the "inorganic fine particles are fine particles
of an inorganic antibacterial agent formed by carrying a metallic element
and/ or a metallic ion" and "[ e ]xamples of the antibacterial metal contained
in the inorganic antibacterial agent include at least one selected from the
group consisting of silver" (Sakuma ,-r,-r 16-17).
5. Sakuma teaches "the antibacterial composite particles of the
invention are mixed with the fiber forming polymer" (Sakuma ,-r 86).
6. Sakuma teaches "the antibacterial resin molded articles and the
antibacterial fibers of the examples exhibit sufficiently high antibacterial
activity" (Sakuma ,-r 120).
7. Anayama teaches an "antibacterial-antifungal property powder
comprises silver metal particles of nanometer size on the surface of titanium
oxide particles of sub microns size" (Anayama, Abstract).
8. Anayama teaches the "average particle diameter of titanium
oxide particles having anatase-type crystal structure and silver particles is
0.04 [µm] or less and 4 nm or less, respectively" (Anayama, Abstract).
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Application 12/594,561
9. Anayama teaches, in a machine text translation, that "metallic
silver by which distributed support is carried out on the surface of a titanium
oxide particle on the other hand, is the substance provided with the strong
antibacterial action. By supporting this metallic silver, high antibacterial
performance is maintainable" (Anayama ,r 19).
10. Anayama teaches
As for the mean particle diameter of the metallic silver particles
to support, it is desirable that it is 4 nm or less. If mean particle
diameter exceeds 4 nm, deterioration of antibacterial
performance arises in connection with the specific surface area
of metallic silver particles decreasing, and it cannot perform the
function as antimicrobial and antifungal powder sufficiently.
(Anayama ,r 21 ).
11. Anayama teaches
The nitric acid amine complex was added to titanium oxide
dispersion liquid, and it stirred for further about 3 hours. The
obtained mixture was washed after stirring, after that, the
particle size regulation was carried out and about 100 g of
powder which made the titanium oxide surface distribute
grinding and the metallic silver which has the mean particle
diameter of 1 nm ... was obtained.
(Anayama ,r 40).
12. Anayama teaches that the compositions of the Examples
showed "growth of each fungus is prevented with a small amount of
antimicrobial and antifungal powder, and the very high antibacterial effect
was acquired" (Anayama ,r 47).
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Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
Principles of Law
"The combination of familiar elements according to known methods
is likely to be obvious when it does no more than yield predictable results."
KSR Int'! Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398,416 (2007).
Analysis
Sakuma teaches an antibacterial composite material containing
"antibacterial composite particles ... mixed with the fiber forming polymer"
(FF 5) where the nanoparticles have: a) an "average particle diameter of 0.3
µm [300 nm]" (FF 2); b) "silver-carried tricalcium phosphate was baked at
800° C" (FF 3), which the Examiner finds would have a water content of
less than 5% by weight (Final Act. 4); c) tricalcium phosphate support
material (FF 2-3); d) "a metallic element" where the antibacterial metal may
be silver (FF 4).
As the Examiner acknowledges, while Sakuma teaches utilizing
metallic silver, Sakuma does not exemplify metallic silver particles nor does
Sakuma teach "metallic silver as having a diameter of< 10 nm" (Final Act.
5).
Anayama teaches antimicrobial powders that comprise silver particles
of 4 nm or less (FF 7-8).
Based on this evidence, we conclude that it would have been obvious
to one of ordinary skill in the art to use the metallic silver nanoparticles of 4
nm or less taught by Anayama as the metallic element in Sakuma because
Anayama teaches metallic silver "is the substance provided with the strong
antibacterial action" (FF 9). An ordinary artisan would further have had
reason to use 4 nm or smaller particles because Anayama explains regarding
the silver that "it is desirable that it is 4 nm or less. If mean particle
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Application 12/594,561
diameter exceeds 4 nm, deterioration of antibacterial performance arises ...
and [the silver] cannot perform the function as antimicrobial and antifungal
powder sufficiently" (FF 10). Thus, a person of ordinary skill would have
had reason to select the metallic silver particles of 4 nm or less as taught by
Anayama for the metallic silver in Sakuma to provide strong antibacterial
action rather than larger particles which have deteriorated antibacterial
performance (FF 9-10).
Because our reasoning differs slightly from that of the Examiner and
because we rely upon portions of Anayama in the full machine text
translation that were not provided or relied upon by the Examiner, we will
designate our affirmance as a New Ground of Rejection to provide
Appellants a fair opportunity to address these teachings and new position.
We address Appellants' arguments below.
Appellants contend
that simply combining silver nanoparticles with TCP
[ tricalcium phosphate] nanoparticles fails to result in the
nanoparticles having the advantageous antimicrobial property
of the invention whereby microbes attracted to the TCP
component of the nanoparticles for their nutritional aspect
further consume the toxic silver particles. Instead, a simple
blending of two groups of nanoparticles would provide a
product wherein microbes are able to consume the nutritious
TCP component while avoiding the toxic silver component.
(App. Br. 9).
We find this argument unpersuasive because the attorney argument
lacks evidentiary support. See In re Pearson, 494 F.2d 1399, 1405 (CCPA
1974) ("Attorney's argument in a brief cannot take the place of evidence.").
See also In re De Blauwe, 736 F.2d 699, 705 (Fed. Cir. 1984) (Arguments
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Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
and conclusions unsupported by factual evidence carry no evidentiary
weight.)
In addition, the evidence of record in Sakuma supports the position
that mixing and baking silver with tricalcium phosphate, followed by drying
and baking, is sufficient to obtain particles with antibacterial properties (FF
4, 5, 6). Similarly, Anayama teaches formation of antibacterial particles by
simple mixing of a nitric acid amine complex with titanium oxide dispersion
liquid (FF 11 ). Therefore, the evidence of record suggests that antibacterial
particles may be formed by simply blending the silver component with the
support material (FF 3, 11 ).
Appellants contend
those of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that unstable
silver nitride would react at elevated temperatures such as
800°C to form silver oxide when washed with distilled water
prior to being heated. In contrast, the flame synthesis process
used to produce the nanoparticles of the invention combine a
stable silver solution which is sprayed into a flame and
sublimed together with the calcium phosphate solution to yield
the unique nanoparticles.
(App. Br. 10).
We find this argument unpersuasive because the attorney argument
lacks any evidentiary support. Pearson, 494 F.2d at 1405. De Blauwe, 736
F.2d at 705. In addition, Sakuma specifically teaches that particles prepared
by baking a combination of tricalcium phosphate and silver nitride at 800°C
result in nanoparticles with antibacterial activity (FF 4, 5, 6). In contrast,
Appellants provide no evidence demonstrating that selecting an antibacterial
metallic element such as silver, as suggested by Sakuma (FF 4), or metallic
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Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
silver as directly suggested Anayama (FF 9), would have lacked a
reasonable expectation of success.
Appellants contend
Anayama starts its process with Ti02 particles ... While Ti02
is a relatively inert metal oxide those of ordinary skill in the art
would expect that a strong reducing agent would affect either or
both the calcium or phosphate components of TCP thus
degrading the molecule in a manner such that it could no longer
serve as a stable support for silver particles. Accordingly those
of skill in the art would be taught away from adding silver
nitrate in the presence of ammonia solution and a reducing
agent in the presence of TCP.
(App. Br. 10).
We find this argument unpersuasive because Appellants do not
identify any teaching in either Sakuma or Anayama that criticizes,
discredits, or discourages the use of Anayama's smaller metallic silver
particles in the tricalcium phosphate support of Sakuma. A teaching
away requires a reference to actually criticize, discredit, or otherwise
discourage the claimed solution. See In re Fulton, 391 F.3d 1195,
1201 (Fed. Cir. 2004) ("The prior art's mere disclosure of more than
one alternative does not constitute a teaching away from any of these
alternatives because such disclosure does not criticize, discredit, or
otherwise discourage the solution claimed").
Appellants contend "no reason is provided why silver metal particles
of a specified size range utilized on a persistent support be substituted for a
silver oxide coating on a non-persistent support or how one would actually
do so" (App. Br. 11 ).
We find this argument unpersuasive because we rely upon the full text
of Anayama, which provides a specific reason to use silver metal particles of
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Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
4 nm or less, teaching "for the mean particle diameter of the metallic silver
particles to support, it is desirable that it is 4 nm or less. If mean particle
diameter exceeds 4 nm, deterioration of antibacterial performance arises"
(FF 10). Thus, in light of Anayama, the ordinary artisan would have had
reason to modify Sakuma's antibacterial particles to use metallic silver
particles of 4 nm or less to maximize antibacterial performance (FF 10).
Appellants contend
The rejection further ignores the disclosure in the Declaration
ofBokomy (Appendix B) which addressed the inadequacies of
simply substituting metallic silver onto nonpersistent support
nanoparticles such as Ca3(P04)2. ( see paras. 12-16) The
Bokomy Declaration further discussed a variety of other
structural possibilities that could have hypothetically been
produced none of which would have fallen under the claims.
(Reply Br. 4 ).
We have considered the Bokomy Declaration6 which discusses an
embodiment of the claimed invention, Perlazid brand film (Bokomy Deel. ,r,r
3-10) as well as a prior art reference, Stark7 (id. at ,r,r 11-14). The Bokomy
Declaration addresses deficiencies in Stark regarding including silver in a
product formed by a flame pyrolysis method (see id. ,r 12) but provides no
discussion regarding the antibacterial particles formed by combining silver
compounds with tricalcium phosphate as disclosed by Sakuma (FF 1-6).
Therefore, the Bokomy Declaration, which does not discuss either of the
references currently being applied, fails to provide evidence relevant to the
instant obviousness analysis.
6 Declaration of Stefan Bokomy, dated June 13, 2013.
7 Stark et al., WO 2005/087660 Al, published Sept. 22, 2005.
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Application 12/594,561
Appellants contend regarding the use of different metals in the
antibacterial particles that "[t]he record therefore makes clear that the results
of such substitutions would not have been predictable!" (Reply Br. 4).
We find this argument unpersuasive because Sakuma specifically
teaches functional antibacterial particles comprising tricalcium phosphate
and silver including a process for synthesizing these particles (FF 1-5) while
Anayama teaches the use of similar particles with metallic silver and
provides a reason to use smaller sized silver nanoparticles (FF 7-11 ), both
references demonstrating antibacterial efficacy (FF 6, 12) and therefore,
directly demonstrating a reasonable expectation of success. "Obviousness
does not require absolute predictability of success ... all that is required is a
reasonable expectation of success." In re Kubin, 561 F.3d 1351, 1360 (Fed.
Cir. 2009).
Conclusion of Law
A preponderance of the evidence of record supports the Examiner's
conclusion that Sakuma and Anayama render the claims obvious.
SUMMARY
In summary, we affirm the rejection of claim 6 under 35 U.S.C.
§ 103(a) as obvious over Sakuma and Anayama. Claims 7-10 and 23 fall
with claim 1.
We designate our affirmance as a new ground pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §
4I.50(b). Section 4I.50(b) provides "[a] new ground of rejection pursuant
to this paragraph shall not be considered final for judicial review." Section
41.50(b) also provides:
When the Board enters such a non-final decision, the
appellant, within two months from the date of the decision,
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Appeal2017-007176
Application 12/594,561
must exercise one of the following two options with respect to
the new ground of rejection to avoid termination of the appeal
as to the rejected claims:
( 1) Reopen prosecution. Submit an appropriate
amendment of the claims so rejected or new Evidence relating
to the claims so rejected, or both, and have the matter
reconsidered by the examiner, in which event the prosecution
will be remanded to the examiner. The new ground of rejection
is binding upon the examiner unless an amendment or new
Evidence not previously of Record is made which, in the
opinion of the examiner, overcomes the new ground of rejection
designated in the decision. Should the examiner reject the
claims, appellant may again appeal to the Board pursuant to this
subpart.
(2) Request rehearing. Request that the proceeding be
reheard under§ 41.52 by the Board upon the same Record. The
request for rehearing must address any new ground of rejection
and state with particularity the points believed to have been
misapprehended or overlooked in entering the new ground of
rejection and also state all other grounds upon which rehearing
is sought.
Further guidance on responding to a new ground of rejection can be
found in the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure§ 1214.01.
AFFIRMED; 37 C.F.R. § 4I.50(b)
12
Application/Control No. Applicant(s)/Patent Under
Reexamination
12/594,561
Notice of References Cited
Examiner Art Unit
Purdy 1611
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
*
Document Number Date
CPC Classification Country Code-Number-Kind Code MM-YYYY Name
A US-
B US-
C US-
D US-
E US-
F US-
G US-
H US-
I US-
J US-
K US-
L US-
M US-
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
*
Document Number Date
Country Code-Number-Kind Code MM-YYYY Country Name
N
0
p
Q
R
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NON-PATENT DOCUMENTS
* Include as applicable: Author, Title Date, Publisher, Edition or Volume, Pertinent Pages)
u Machine Translation of Anaya ma et al., JP 2003-212707 A 1, published July 30, 2003.
V
w
X
*A copy of this reference 1s not being furnished with this Office action. (See MPEP § 707.05(a).)
Dates in MM-YYYY format are publication dates. Classifications may be US or foreign.
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
PT0-892 (Rev. 01-2001) Notice of References Cited Part of Paper No.
Page 1 of 1
US Classification
CPC Classification
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JP,2003-212707,A
PAJ Detail Image
(U>.IMS DETAILED DESCRIPTION
*NOTICES*
JPO and INPIT are not responsible for any
damages caused by the use of this translation.
LThis document has been translated by computer. So the translation may not
reflect the original precisely.
2. **** shows the word which can not be translated.
3.In the drawings, any words are not translated.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[Detailed Description of the Invention]
[0001]
[Field of the Invention]The present invention relates to antimicrobial and antifungal powder
and a manufacturing method for the same, and relates to a spray which exerts antibacterial
properties and the anti-mold effect outstanding in broad fields, such as a medical sanitary
fixture, an air cleaner, building materials, and daily needs, in more detail or antibacterial
properties and [ available as a coating J antifungal powder, and a manufacturing method for
the same.
[0002]
[Description of the Prior Art]In recent years, the clean intention is also increasing with
improvement in our living standard, and it is becoming sensitive especially to existence of
fungi, such as familiar bacteria (bacteria) and true fungi (mold), in a daily life. Therefore, a
lot of products on the market which performed the antibacterial treatment are appearing on
the market in order the voice which requires what gave antibacterial properties to the
consumer goods etc which are used every day is strong and to respond to this.
[0003JA material provided with such antibacterial properties is divided roughly into the
thing of an organic system, and the thing of an inorganic system. As an antimicrobial
material of an organic system, a surfactant system, a BIGUA nide system, an alcohol
system, a phenolic anilide system, an iodine system, an imidazole series, a thiazole system,
an isothiazole system, a triazine series, a nitrile system, a fluorine system, a sugar system,
a tropolone system, an organic metal system, etc are known. On the other hand, as an
antimicrobial material of an inorganic system, they are zeolite, silica, and alumina. The
thing which made inorganic powder, such as phosphoric acid zirconium, calcium phosphate,
phosphoric acid zirconium, a calcium silicate, silica gel, glass, titanium oxide, and a zinc
oxide, support the metal which has the antibacterial properties of silver, copper, zinc, etc is
known.
[0004]Although the thing of the organic system is generally used from the Reasons of a
manufacturing cost being inexpensive as an antimicrobial material, and being
conventionally, We are anxious about the organic component which the antibacterial
performance is deteriorated gradually that it is deficient in the durability of an antibacterial
effect, and volatilization, decomposition and elution, etc take place easily with a lapse of
time, and also volatilized doing harm to a human body. There is a problem that it is lacking
in heat resistance since it comprises an organic substance, and the antimicrobial material of
such an organic system cannot be given to the tile for heatproofs etc which are exposed
under hot environments.
[OOOS]On the other hand, since not only the use which the antimicrobial material of an
inorganic system was excellent in the durability of an antibacterial effect, and was continued
and stabilized at the long period of time is possible, but there is almost no possibility that
volatilization, decomposition, etc like an organic system may occur, the safety to a human
body is also high. Application in a wide range field is expected from furthermore excelling
also in heat resistance.
[0006]Especially, the silver which presents a strong antibacterial action is used for various
inorganic system antimicrobial materials. For example, a JP H9 - 227319A has disclosed the
antibacterial powder which makes it come near the surface of titanium oxide which is
photocatalyst grains to support the silver of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight of support within the
scope with an ionic state or a metal state. And it is shown that further outstanding
antibacterial properties are shown according to a synergistic effect with the antibacterial
properties by the photocatalyst effect and silver which this antibacterial powder shows the
outstanding antibacterial properties by silver excellent in antibacterial properties in a dark
place, and titanium oxide has under light irradiation.
[0007JA JP H 11 - 349423A has disclosed the antibacterial properties and the deodorizing
material make the titanium oxide particle of the submicron size which is photocatalyst
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[0047]The Example article 1 and 2 was both a value with far smaller supply concentration of
the antimicrobial-and-antifungal-powder sample of the present invention than the reference
value of SOO**g/ml or less which is lOO**g/ml and is judged to be antibacterial **** also
to which fungus as a result of measurement of a minimum inhibitory concentration (Media
Interface Connector). Therefore, growth of each fungus is prevented with a small amount of
antimicrobial and antifungal powder, and the very high antibacterial effect was acquired.
Furthermore to the fungus D, the higher antibacterial effect was acquired in Example 2
which made metallic silver particles support 15% by weight (refer to Table 1). It changed
into the state where Example 1 and Example 2 reached examination powder in ten or less
pieces/ml also to which fungus in after-addition about 0.5 to 3 hours, and were substantially
sterilized in measurement of the number of micro organisms.
[0048]Metallic silver particles reach 10% by weight to a titanium oxide particle,
respectively, and distributed support of above-mentioned Example 1 and Example 2 is
carried out 15% by weight, It is thought that the antibacterial properties and the anti-mold
effect which was excellent when the reactive oxygen species which in addition to presenting
a high antibacterial action this supported metallic silver absorbs ultraviolet rays with a small
quantity also in the titanium oxide particle which is a support base material, and generates
according to that photocatalyst effect presented an antibacterial action are revealed.
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[0049]0n the other hand, on the result of a minimum inhibitory concentration (Media
Interface Connector), and in the fungi Band C in the comparative example article 1, As
compared with above-mentioned Examples 1 and 2 of what fulfills the reference value with
which the supply concentration of the antimicrobial-and-antifungal-powder sample of the
present invention serves as ml, SOO**g /or less, and antibacterial ****, the difference is
remarkable, and reference value was not fulfilled to the fungus A, and sufficient
antibacterial properties were not acquired. The result which takes about 24 hours for
number of microorganism to reach [ ml J in ten or less pieces /also to which fungus, and is
inferior to antibacterial properties compared with the above-mentioned Example was
obtained as a result of measurement of the number of micro organisms.
[0050]It is possible that there are few holding amounts of the metallic silver particles which
carry out distributed support on the surface of a titanium oxide particle as 5 % by weight as
a cause by which sufficient antibacterial-properties (anti-mold) nature to each fungus is not
obtained in this comparative example 1. According to this comparative example 1, although
the antibacterial properties by the photocatalyst effect of a titanium oxide particle are
expectable, it is thought that it is inferior to antibacterial performance as compared with the
above-mentioned Example since it does not have the antibacterial activity as metallic silver.
[0051]In the comparative example 2 which used silica (Si02) particles instead of the
titanium oxide particle, Although the holding amount of metallic silver particles was in the
range in proper quantity with 10 % by weight to the silica particle, it was the same as that
of the comparative example 1, and as a result of measurement of the number of micro
organisms, about 24 hours were taken to carry out number of microorganism in ten or less
pieces/[ ml and J also to which fungus, and, as for the minimum inhibitory concentration,
sufficient antibacterial effect was not acquired.
[0052]As a cause which cannot reveal sufficient antibacterial performance in this
comparative example 2, not revealing the disintegration by the support base material itself,
since most photocatalyst effects [ like titanium oxide J whose silica is are substances which
are not expectable -- further, Since metallic silver particles cannot be made to support
stably as compared with titanium oxide, the support unevenness of metallic silver particles
arises, purification to the silver granule child surface is not performed further, but the thing
** for which the antibacterial effect by metallic silver is not exerted sufficiently as a result
can be considered.
[0053]As mentioned above, the antimicrobial and antifungal powder concerning the present
invention, The antibacterial performance where distributed support of the metallic silver
particles was uniformly carried out to a titanium oxide particle surface and which was
excellent as a result is exerted by having made the metallic silver particles of the nano
metric size which has antibacterial properties in this support, using the titanium oxide
particle of submicron size as a base material. By making the holding amount of metallic
silver particles into 8 % by weight or more per unit weight of a titanium oxide particle, and
30% by weight or less of the range, In the conventional antibacterial photocatalyst powder
which not only bacteria but the metallic silver particles of several percent of the weight
made support, the high bactericidal effect showed up also to the true fungi which were not
able to be annihilated sufficiently.
[0054]Changes various in the range which is not limited to the above-mentioned Example at
all, and does not deviate from the meaning of the present invention are possible for the
present invention. For example, the holding amount of metallic silver particles is not
restricted to the thing of the above-mentioned Example, but can appropriately be changed
with the usage of antimicrobial and antifungal powder, environment, etc. In manufacturing
antimicrobial and antifungal powder, in the above-mentioned Example, use silver nitrate as
a precursor of metallic silver, and are using grape sugar as a reducing agent, respectively,
but. If it is not restricted to this but distributed support of the metallic silver particles is
uniformly carried out on the surface of a titanium oxide particle, various raw materials and a
reducing agent are applicable.
[0055]
[Effect of the Invention]According to the antimicrobial and antifungal powder concerning the
present invention, the metallic silver particles which have antibacterial performance with
high nano metric size on the surface of the titanium oxide particle of submicron size, By
carrying out distributed support to the unit weight of a titanium oxide particle in 8 % by
weight or more and 30% by weight or less of the range, bacteria can exert the antibacterial
performance outstanding also to true fungi from the first.
[0056]If the above-mentioned antimicrobial and antifungal powder is blended with solvents,
such as alcohol, or a binder, it will become usable as coating agents, such as antibacterial
properties and a charge of antifungal spray coating. Antibacterial properties and antifungal
products provided with the antibacterial activity outstanding also not only to bacteria but
true fungi are obtained by applying this coating agent to a medical sanitary fixture, an air
cleaner, building materials, daily needs, etc.
[0057]By according to the manufacturing method of the antimicrobial and antifungal
powder concerning the present invention, mixing the aqueous solution which carried out
distributed distribution of the titanium oxide, and the aqueous solution which the complex
which consists of a silver precursor contains, and carrying out reduction precipitation of the
metallic silver particles on a titanium oxide particle, Distributed support of the metallic silver
particles is uniformly carried out on the surface of a titanium oxide particle, and the
antimicrobial and antifungal powder which reveals outstanding antibacterial properties and
anti-mold characteristic is obtained.
[Translation done.]
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