Design Technology Group LLC dba Bettie Page Clothing

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Apr 19, 2013

359 N.L.R.B. 777 (N.L.R.B. 2013)

BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 777

359 NLRB No. 96
Design Technology Group, LLC d/b/a Bettie Page
Clothing and DTG California Management,
LLC d/b/a Bettie Page Clothing, a Single Em-
ployer and Vanessa Morris. Case 20–CA–
035511
April 19, 2013
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN PEARCE AND MEMBERS GRIFFIN
AND BLOCK
On April 27, 2012, Administrative Law Judge William
G. Kocol issued the attached decision. The Respondent
filed exceptions and a supporting brief. The Acting Gen-
eral Counsel and the Charging Party each filed answering
briefs, and the Respondent filed a reply brief to the Act-
ing General Counsel’s answering brief. The Acting
General Counsel filed cross-exceptions and a supporting
brief. The Charging Party filed cross-exceptions and a
supporting brief, to which the Respondent filed an an-
swering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has considered
the decision and the record in light of the exceptions and
briefs
1
and has decided to affirm the judge’s rulings,
findings,
2
and conclusions as modified, and to adopt the
recommended Order as modified and set forth in full
below.
We agree with the judge, for the reasons set forth in
his decision as well as those discussed below, that the
Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by dis-
charging employees Holli Thomas, Vanessa Morris, and
Brittany Johnson for engaging in protected concerted
activity, and by maintaining a “Wage and Salary Disclo-
sure” rule in its handbook prohibiting the disclosure of
wages or compensation to any third party or other em-
ployee.
3

1 The Respondent has requested oral argument. The request is de-
nied as the record, exceptions, and briefs adequately present the issues
and the positions of the parties.
2 The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge’s credibility
findings. The Board’s established policy is not to overrule an adminis-
trative law judge’s credibility resolutions unless the clear preponder-
ance of all the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect.
Standard Dry Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362
(3d Cir. 1951). We have carefully examined the record and find no
basis for reversing the findings.
3 Unlike our colleague, we decline to find an additional 8(a)(1) vio-
lation based on the Respondent’s maintenance of its “Confidential
Information Security” rule. The only handbook rule alleged in the
complaint as unlawful was the “Wage and Salary Disclosure” rule.
Further, the unalleged rule was not mentioned during the course of the
hearing. Nevertheless, we note that any rule maintained by the Re-
spondent that “forbids employees from disclosing wages and compen-
sation to each other or to any third party” will be prohibited by par. 1(b)
of our Order in this case.
1. We agree with the judge’s finding that Thomas and
Morris were engaged in protected concerted activity
when they presented the concerns of the employees about
working late in an unsafe neighborhood to their supervi-
sor and to the Respondent’s owner, and that their Face-
book postings were a continuation of that effort. But we
also find that the Facebook postings would have consti-
tuted protected concerted activity in and of themselves.
The Facebook postings were complaints among employ-
ees about the conduct of their supervisor as it related to
their terms and conditions of employment and about
management’s refusal to address the employees’ con-
cerns. The employees also discussed looking at a book
about the rights of workers in California so that they
could determine whether the Respondent was violating
labor laws. Such conversations for mutual aid and pro-
tection are classic concerted protected activity, even ab-
sent prior action. Rhee Bros., Inc., 343 NLRB 695, 695
fn. 3 (2004) (“[C]oncerted employee protests of supervi-
sory conduct are protected under Section 7 of the Act
where such protested conduct affects employees’ work-
ing conditions.” (quoting Trompler, Inc., 335 NLRB 478,
479 (2001), enfd. 338 F.3d 747 (7th Cir. 2003)).
The judge correctly rejected the Respondent’s “dis-
charge conspiracy” theory. The Respondent contends
that the Facebook postings were not protected because
the employees had “no ‘honest and reasonable belief’
that the purpose of their conduct was for the mutual aid
and protection of employees,” and that instead, the em-
ployees “schemed to entrap their employer into firing
them.”
4
The judge found the conspiracy theory to be
“nonsensical,” and we agree. There is no credited evi-
dence that the employees’ actions were undertaken to
entrap the Respondent into committing an unfair labor

Member Block would find that the Respondent’s handbook rule enti-
tled “Confidential Information Security,” as written, also violated Sec.
8(a)(1) both because it prohibits employee disclosure of “personnel
information” to “third parties during or after employment” and because
it forbids the disclosure of such information without the Respondent’s
“express written approval.” See DirecTV U.S. DirecTV Holdings, LLC,
359 NLRB 545, 547 (2013); Flex Frac Logistics, LLC, 358 NLRB
1131, 1131 (2012). Although the complaint did not challenge the
“Confidential Information Security” rule, Member Block would find
that this rule is closely related to the challenged “Wage and Salary
Disclosure” rule, and that the lawfulness of the “Confidential Infor-
mation Security” rule was fully litigated. See Pergament United Sales,
296 NLRB 333, 334–335 (1989), enfd. 920 F.2d 130 (2d Cir 1990).
Here the rule was reviewed by the judge, who clearly suggested in his
decision that it was unlawful, and the matter was sufficiently briefed by
the parties pursuant to the Respondent’s exceptions to the Board.
4 In support of its theory, the Respondent relies on the postdischarge
Facebook posting by Morris, which stated, “Muhahahahahaha!!! ‘So
they’ve fallen into my crutches.’” R. Exhs. Br. 1–3; 16–23. The judge
credited Morris’ explanation that, in jest, she was quoting dialogue
from “The Monkees” television show.
778 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD

practice. But even if the employees were acting in the
hope that they would be discharged for their Facebook
postings, the Respondent failed to establish that the em-
ployees’ actions were not protected by the Act.
5
Accord-
ingly, we agree with the judge that the Respondent vio-
lated Section 8(a)(1) by discharging employees for en-
gaging in that activity.
2. We also agree with the judge that the Respondent’s
discharge of employee Brittany Johnson violated Section
8(a)(1) of the Act. The Respondent discharged Johnson
about a month after it unlawfully discharged Thomas and
Morris. Johnson was a minor participant in the Facebook
conversation that precipitated the discharges of Thomas
and Morris: she contributed only one comment, which
was characterized by the judge as “rather innocuous.”
Credited evidence, however, establishes that the employ-
ees’ supervisor, Hayley Griffin, who made the decision
to discharge Johnson, linked Johnson with Thomas and
Morris and disapproved of their continued association.
Thus, shortly after Thomas and Morris were discharged,
Griffin noticed that Johnson had received a text message
from Thomas. Griffin told Johnson that, although Griffin
could not tell her whom to be friends with, she was
tempted to put a “gag order” on her so that Johnson
would not be able to talk with others about her working
conditions. It is plain that the Respondent believed that
Johnson was linked with Thomas and Morris and their
protected activity, and we find that the Respondent tar-
geted her because of those associations.
That finding is bolstered by the evidence showing that
the Respondent’s explanation for the discharge of John-
son, her tardiness, does not withstand scrutiny. As the
judge found, although Johnson was chronically tardy,
other employees at the store were consistently late for
work as well. In fact, despite widespread tardiness
among employees, the Respondent enforced its progres-
sive disciplinary rule addressing “habitual tardiness”
sporadically and arbitrarily, at best, and, prior to John-
son, had never discharged anyone at the store for such
habitual lateness. In these circumstances, we agree with

5 See Circle K Corp., 305 NLRB 932, 933 (1991) (finding that em-
ployees “may act in a concerted fashion for a variety of reasons—some
altruistic, some selfish—but the standard under the Act is an objective
one”), enfd. mem. 989 F.2d 498 (6th Cir. 1993); see also Dreis &
Krump Mfg. Co., Inc. v. NLRB, 544 F.2d 320, 328 fn. 10 (7th Cir. 1976)
(“The motives of the participants are irrelevant in terms of determining
the scope of Section 7 protections; what is crucial is that the purpose of
the conduct relate to . . . working conditions and hours, or other matters
of ‘mutual aid or protection’ of employees.”); NLRB v. Interboro Con-
tractors, Inc., 388 F.2d 495, 499 (2d Cir. 1967) (“Even if it were true
that [the employee] was acting for his personal benefit, it is doubtful
that a selfish motive negates the protection that the Act normally gives
to Section 7 rights.”).
the judge that the Respondent’s reliance on tardiness to
justify Johnson’s discharge was a pretext. Accordingly,
we adopt the judge’s finding that the Respondent failed
to establish that it would have terminated Johnson in the
absence of her protected concerted activity and her per-
ceived connection to other employees who had engaged
in protected concerted activity.
6

AMENDED REMEDY
As recommended by the judge and in accordance with
our recent decision in Latino Express, Inc., 359 NLRB
No. 44 (2012), we shall order the Respondent to reim-
burse discriminatees Holli Thomas, Vanessa Morris, and
Brittany Johnson an amount equal to the difference in
taxes owed upon receipt of a lump-sum backpay payment
and taxes that would have been owed had there been no
discrimination against them. Further, we shall order the
Respondent to submit the appropriate documentation to
the Social Security Administration so that when backpay
is paid to the discriminatees, it will be allocated to the
appropriate periods. As requested in the Acting General
Counsel’s cross-exceptions and pursuant to Latino Ex-
press, we shall modify the judge’s recommended Order
to include the tax compensation and Social Security re-
porting requirements in the affirmative action section of
the Order.
We agree with the judge that the Respondent should be
ordered to rescind the rule alleged to be unlawful in the
complaint. Pursuant to Guardsmark, LLC, 344 NLRB
809, 812 fn. 8 (2005), enfd. in part 475 F.3d 369 (D.C.
Cir. 2007), the Respondent may comply with our order
of rescission by rescinding the unlawful provision and
republishing its employee handbook without it. We rec-
ognize, however, as we did in Guardsmark and DirecTV
U.S. DirecTV Holdings, LLC, 359 NLRB 545, 549 fn. 20
(2013), that republishing the handbook could be costly.
Accordingly, the Respondent may supply the employees
either with handbook inserts stating that the unlawful

6 We agree with the judge that there is no merit to the Respondent’s
contention that Johnson should be denied a make-whole remedy be-
cause of dischargeable misconduct during her employment; namely, the
alleged failure to disclose a prior misdemeanor DUI conviction on her
employment application. If an employer, having committed an unlaw-
ful discharge, discovers subsequently that the discriminatee had en-
gaged in misconduct for which the employer would have lawfully
discharged any employee, reinstatement is not ordered and backpay is
terminated as of the date the employer first acquired knowledge of the
misconduct. Berkshire Farm Center, 333 NLRB 367 (2001). Here, the
Respondent did not satisfy its burden. The Respondent became aware
of Johnson’s DUI conviction during her employment but neither dis-
charged her at that time nor made any effort to determine whether she
had disclosed it on her employment application. In these circumstanc-
es, more fully discussed by the judge, the Respondent failed to show
that Johnson’s criminal record or the failure to disclose it disqualifies
her from further employment with the Respondent.
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 779

rule has been rescinded, or with a new and lawfully
worded rule on adhesive backing that will correct or cov-
er the unlawfully broad rule, until it republishes the
handbook without the unlawful provisions. Any copies
of the handbook that include the unlawful rule must in-
clude the inserts before being distributed to employees.
7

The Charging Party excepted to the judge’s failure to
order a companywide notice posting because the unlaw-
ful handbook rule was in effect at the Respondent’s other
stores in addition to the San Francisco store at issue in
this case. We agree with the Charging Party that a com-
panywide notice posting is appropriate in this case.
“[W]e have consistently held that, where an employer’s
overbroad rule is maintained as a companywide policy,
we will generally order the employer to post an appropri-
ate notice at all of its facilities where the unlawful policy
has been or is in effect.” Guardsmark, LLC, supra, 344
NLRB at 812. In enforcing a nationwide notice-posting
in Guardsmark, the D.C. Circuit observed that “only a
company-wide remedy extending as far as the company-
wide violation can remedy the damage.” Guardsmark,
LLC v. NLRB, 475 F.3d at 381; accord: MasTec Ad-
vanced Technologies, 357 NLRB 103, 109 (2011). Ac-
cordingly, because the handbook rule found unlawful in
this case applied at the Respondent’s other locations, we
shall amend the remedy and the judge’s recommended
Order to provide for posting of a remedial notice at all of
the Respondent’s locations where the handbook contain-
ing the unlawful rule was in effect. Accord: DirecTV
U.S. DirecTV Holdings, LLC, 359 NLRB 545, 549.
Therefore, the Respondent shall be required to post the
attached notice marked “Appendix A” at its San Francis-
co, California location, where the discharges of Holli
Thomas, Vanessa Morris, and Brittany Johnson and the
handbook rule violation occurred. The Respondent shall
also be required to post the attached notice marked “Ap-
pendix B” at all its other facilities companywide where
its employee handbook containing the unlawful rule is
applicable. Id., slip op. at 549 fn. 24.
The Charging Party also requests that the Respondent
be ordered to purchase copies of the California workers’
rights book referred to in the employees’ Facebook post-
ings and to distribute copies of that book to libraries and
schools along with a copy of the Board’s decision in this
case. In addition, the Charging Party requests that the
notice posting period be extended from 60 days to “the
length of time from the beginning of the commission of
the unfair labor practices until the notice is actually post-
ed”; that the reference to the “right to refrain” language

7 We shall modify the judge’s recommended Order and notice con-
sistent with Guardsmark and DirecTV.
be deleted from the notice “since there was no interfer-
ence with such rights”; that the Respondent be required
to mail and email the Board’s notice of employee rights
to past and present employees; and that litigation expens-
es be imposed against the Respondent. We do not find it
appropriate to impose these remedies in this case.
ORDER
The Respondent, Design Technology Group, LLC,
d/b/a Bettie Page Clothing, and DTG California Man-
agement, LLC, d/b/a Bettie Page Clothing, a single em-
ployer, San Francisco, California, its officers, agents,
successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Discharging or otherwise discriminating against
any employee for engaging in protected concerted activi-
ty.
(b) Maintaining a rule that forbids employees from
disclosing wages and compensation to each other or to
any third party.
(c) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, revise
or rescind its unlawful handbook rule, entitled “Wage
and Salary Disclosure,” and advise employees in writing
that it has done so, and that the rule will no longer be
enforced.
(b) Furnish all current employees with inserts for the
current employee handbook that (1) advise that the un-
lawful rule has been rescinded, or (2) provide the lan-
guage of a lawful rule; or publish and distribute revised
handbooks that (1) do not contain the unlawful rule, or
(2) provide the language of a lawful rule.
(c) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, offer
Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brittany Johnson full
reinstatement to their former jobs or, if those jobs no
longer exist, to substantially equivalent positions, with-
out prejudice to their seniority or any other rights or priv-
ileges previously enjoyed.
(d) Make Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brittany
Johnson whole for any loss of earnings and other benefits
suffered as a result of the discrimination against them, in
the manner set forth in the remedy section of the judge’s
decision.
(e) Reimburse Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and
Brittany Johnson an amount equal to the difference in
taxes owed upon receipt of a lump-sum backpay payment
and taxes that would have been owed had there been no
discrimination against them.
780 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD

(f) Submit the appropriate documentation to the Social
Security Administration so that when backpay is paid to
Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brittany Johnson, it
will be allocated to the appropriate periods.
(g) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, remove
from its files any reference to the unlawful discharges of
Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brittany Johnson,
and, within 3 days thereafter, notify them in writing that
this has been done and that the discharges will not be
used against them in any way.
(h) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, or such
additional time as the Regional Director may allow for
good cause shown, provide at a reasonable place desig-
nated by the Board or its agents, all payroll records, so-
cial security payment records, timecards, personnel rec-
ords and reports, and all other records, including an elec-
tronic copy of such records if stored in electronic form,
necessary to analyze the amount of backpay due under
the terms of this Order.
(i) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its San Francisco, California facility copies of the at-
tached notice marked “Appendix A” and within that
same time period post at all its facilities companywide
where its employee handbook is in effect copies of the
attached notice marked “Appendix B.”
8
Copies of the
notices, on forms provided by the Regional Director for
Region 20, after being signed by the Respondent’s au-
thorized representative, shall be posted by the Respond-
ent and maintained for 60 consecutive days in conspicu-
ous places including all places where notices to employ-
ees are customarily posted. In addition to physical post-
ing of paper notices, the notices shall be distributed elec-
tronically, such as by email, posting on an intranet or an
internet site, and/or other electronic means, if the Re-
spondent customarily communicates with its employees
by such means. Reasonable steps shall be taken by the
Respondent to ensure that the notices are not altered,
defaced, or covered by any other material. In the event
that, during the pendency of these proceedings, the Re-
spondent has gone out of business or closed the facility
involved in these proceedings, the Respondent shall du-
plicate and mail, at its own expense, a copy of the notice
to all current employees and former employees employed
by the Respondent at any time since November 10, 2010.
(j) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-

8 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.
APPENDIX A
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey
this notice.

FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO

Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.

WE WILL NOT discharge or otherwise discriminate
against any of you for engaging in protected concerted
activity.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule that forbids employees
from disclosing wages and compensation to each other or
to any third party.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
listed above.
WE WILL, within 14 days of the Board’s Order, revise
or rescind our unlawful handbook rule entitled “Wage
and Salary Disclosure,” and WE WILL advise employees in
writing that we have done so and that the unlawful rule
will no longer be enforced.
WE WILL furnish all of you with inserts for the current
edition of the employee handbook that (1) advise you
that the unlawful provision has been rescinded, or (2)
provide the language of a lawful rule; or WE WILL publish
and distribute a revised employee handbook that (1) does
not contain the unlawful rule or (2) provides the lan-
guage of a lawful rule.
WE WILL, within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
Order, offer Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brittany
Johnson full reinstatement to their former jobs or, if
those jobs no longer exist, to substantially equivalent
positions, without prejudice to their seniority or any oth-
er rights or privileges previously enjoyed.
WE WILL make Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and
Brittany Johnson whole for any loss of earnings and oth-
er benefits resulting from their discharge, less any net
interim earnings, plus interest compounded daily.
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 781

WE WILL reimburse Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas,
and Brittany Johnson an amount equal to the difference
in taxes owed upon receipt of a lump-sum backpay pay-
ment and taxes that would have been owed had there
been no discrimination against them.
WE WILL submit the appropriate documentation to the
Social Security Administration so that when backpay is
paid to Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brittany
Johnson, it will be allocated to the appropriate periods.
WE WILL, within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
Order, remove from our files any reference to the unlaw-
ful discharges of Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and
Brittany Johnson, and WE WILL, within 3 days thereafter,
notify each of them in writing that this has been done and
that the discharges will not be used against them in any
way.

DESIGN TECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC D/B/A
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING, AND DTG
CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT, LLC D/B/A BETTIE
PAGE CLOTHING, A SINGLE EMPLOYER

APPENDIX B
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey
this notice.

FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO

Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.

WE WILL NOT maintain a provision in our employee
handbook that forbids employees from disclosing wages
and compensation to each other or to any third party.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
listed above.
WE WILL, within 14 days of the Board’s Order, revise
or rescind our unlawful handbook rule entitled “Wage
and Salary Disclosure,” and WE WILL advise employees in
writing that we have done so and that the unlawful rule
will no longer be enforced.
WE WILL furnish all of you with inserts for the current
edition of the employee handbook that (1) advise you
that the unlawful provision has been rescinded, or (2)
provide the language of a lawful rule; or WE WILL publish
and distribute a revised employee handbook that (1) does
not contain the unlawful rule, or (2) provides the lan-
guage of a lawful rule.

DESIGN TECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC D/B/A
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING, AND DTG CALIFORNIA
MANAGEMENT, LLC D/B/A BETTIE PAGE
CLOTHING, A SINGLE EMPLOYER

Christy J. Kwon and Yasmin Macariola, Esqs., for the General
Counsel.
David R. Koch, Esq. (Koch & Scow, LLC), of Henderson, Ne-
vada, for the Respondent.
David A. Rosenfeld and Nina A. Fendel, Esqs. (Weinberg, Rog-
er & Rosenfeld), of Alameda, California, for the Charging
Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
WILLIAM G. KOCOL, Administrative Law Judge. This case
was tried in San Francisco, California, on February 1–3, 2012.
Vanessa Moore, an individual, filed the charge on April 5,
2011,1 and the General Counsel issued the complaint on Octo-
ber 25, 2011. The complaint as amended at the hearing alleges
that Design Technology Group, LLC d/b/a Bettie Page Clothing
and DTG California Management, LLC d/b/a Bettie Page
Clothing, a single employer (Bettie Page) violated Section
8(a)(1) by maintaining a rule in its handbook prohibiting the
disclosure of wages or compensation to any third party or other
employee, and by discharging employees Vanessa Morris, Brit-
tany Johnson, and Holli Thomas. Bettie Page filed a timely
answer which, combined with a joint stipulation of facts, admits
the allegations in the complaint concerning interstate com-
merce, jurisdiction, and agency and supervisory status. Bettie
Page denied that it had violated the Act.
At the hearing, I granted the General Counsel’s motion to
amend the complaint to allege that Design Technology Group,
LLC d/b/a Bettie Page Clothing and DTG California Manage-
ment, LLC d/b/a Bettie Page Clothing is a single employer and
Bettie Page admitted that allegation.
On the entire record,2 including my observation of the de-

1 All dates are in 2010, unless otherwise indicated.
2 Prior to the trial, counsel for the Charging Party, David Rosenfeld,
Esq., filed a motion for a more definite statement and a notice for re-
quest for remedy; both are frivolous and simply waste time and re-
sources. Also, Bettie Page served a subpoena on Vanessa Morris, the
Charging Party, and David Rosenfeld, Esq., counsel for the Charging
Party, filed a motion to quash. At the trial the following ensued.
JUDGE KOCOL: Mr. Rosenfeld, please listen to me. The—in
your petition to revoke, you agree to turn over certain items.
Please turn those items over.
MR. ROSENFELD: It will take me a month or so, Your Honor.
I’ve got to talk with the client and see where they are. I don’t
know whether they are here or not. Your honor, she was served
late. Fine, I’ll go look. I don’t care. Your Honor was late, I’ll be
late.
782 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD

meanor of the witnesses, and after considering the briefs filed
by the General Counsel, the Charging Party, and Bettie Page, I
make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
Bettie Page, a corporation, is a wholesale and retail clothing
sales company with facilities in the States of California, Neva-
da, and Minnesota, including a store located in San Francisco,
California, where it annually derives gross revenues in excess
of $500,000 and purchased and received goods and services
valued in excess of $5000 directly from points located outside
the State of California. Bettie Page admits, and I find, that it is
an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Sec-
tion 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
II. ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background
Bettie Page runs an upscale women’s clothing store in San
Francisco in the Haight-Ashbury district. Jan Glaser and his
wife Tatyana Khomyakova own Bettie Page. They opened the
San Francisco store on about July 2; Hayley Griffin is the man-
ager of that store. Bettie Page also has a store located in Las
Vegas, Nevada; Carla Avila is the manager of that store. Avila
also assists managers at other Bettie Page stores with any man-
agerial issues they might have. Jan Hutto provides services to
Bettie Page, including advising Glaser on human resources
matters. Holli Thomas, Vanessa Morris, and Brittany Johnson
worked at the San Francisco store as sales personnel.

MR. KOCH: We’re talking about Facebook postings that can
be pulled off the computer and printed out.
MR. ROSENFELD: I’ll have to talk with the client.
JUDGE KOCOL: No, that won’t do, Mr. Rosenfeld.
MR. ROSENFELD: Then I can’t do anything until I talk to the
client and find out where they are.
JUDGE KOCOL: Mr. Rosenfeld, when a subpoena is served
and you agree to turn over certain documents; you’re expected to
be prepared with those documents.
MR. ROSENFELD: I’m not prepared now.
JUDGE KOCOL: Is there an explanation why you are not?
MR. ROSENFELD: No, other than the fact that I haven’t talked
to her about it, because I was under
. . . .
JUDGE KOCOL: Okay. Mr. Rosenfeld, I’m thinking now of
excluding you from this hearing for not being cooperative. Now,
I’m putting you on notice of that. We will take a—aside from
other possible repercussions from your inability to perform your
legal obligations here, so we’re going to take a five-minute break,
for the record, and you will tell how quickly those documents will
be here.
(Off the record at 1:57 p.m.)
JUDGE KOCOL: Mr. Rosenfeld?
MR. ROSENFELD: She has nothing in response to the subpoe-
na.
So much for Rosenfeld’s representation on the record that it would take
him “a month or so” to provide the documents! Indeed, in its brief
Bettie Page asserts that by the above conduct the Charging Party “flip-
pantly” defied the subpoena power of the Board and therefore does not
have “clean hands” in this proceeding.
B. Credibility
There were five main witnesses in this case: the alleged dis-
criminates Thomas, Morris, and Johnson, and Bettie Page Man-
agement Officials Glaser and Griffin. The facts that follow are
largely based on documentary evidence and the testimony of
Thomas, Morris, and Johnson. Their testimony was mutually
corroborative and their demeanor was entirely convincing.
They impressed me with both their ability to recall the events
and relate them as accurately as they could. The demeanor of
Glaser and Griffin, on the other hand, was entirely unconvinc-
ing; it seemed they were prone to exaggerate, stretch the truth,
and simply fabricate testimony to suit the situation. I give more
specific examples below why I have decided generally not to
credit their testimony unless it stands as an admission of a party
opponent.
C. Handbook
Bettie Page’s employee handbook stated:

Wage and Salary Disclosure
Compensation programs are confidential between the em-
ployee and [Bettie Page.] Disclosure of wages or compensa-
tion to any third party or other employee is prohibited and
could be grounds for termination.
Analysis
Section 7 protects the right of employees to discuss the wag-
es and other benefits with each other and with nonemployees.
Mobile Exploration & Producing U.S., 323 NLRB 1064
(1997), enfd. 156 F.3d 182 (5th Cir. 1998). An employer may
not forbid employees from doing so. Hyundai America Ship-
ping Agency, 357 NLRB 860 (2011); Double Eagle Hotel &
Casino, 341 NLRB 112 (2004). By maintaining a rule that
forbids employees from disclosing wages and compensation to
each other or to any third party, Bettie Page violated Section
8(a)(1).
Bettie Page claims, and the General Counsel concedes, that
after the complaint issued in this case Bettie Page omitted this
section from its employee handbook, but there is no evidence
that employees were informed of the change. And as the Gen-
eral Counsel points out, another provision in the handbook that
remains in effect states as follows:

Confidencial Information Security

As a matter of course employees of [Bettie Page] will have
access to confidential and proprietary information. This in-
formation includes, but is not limited to, personnel infor-
mation, pricing client lists, contractual agreement, intellectual
property and marketing/sales strategies. It is a condition of
employment that you not disclose this information to third
parties during or after employment. Disclosure of [Bettie
Page] confidential information without express written
approval is prohibited. [Emphasis added.]

This provision, although not alleged to be unlawful in the com-
plaint, continues to forbid employees from disclosing wages
and compensation, which are subsumed within the ban on dis-
closure of personnel information. I conclude that a full remedy
is required. Passavant Memorial Area Hospital, 237 NLRB
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 783

138 (1978).
D. Facts
On July 14, shortly after the store opened, Thomas sent Gla-
ser a message with a few ideas to make the store “the best it
could possibly be.” Griffin selected an employee of the month
for special attention. Griffin twice selected Morris as the em-
ployee of the month, including for the month of November. As
will be seen below, Morris as well as Thomas was fired on
November 10.
Store Manager Griffin and the employees socialized together
outside of work. In late August while Griffin and another em-
ployee were partying together after work, Griffin tore her dress.
Griffin then told the employee to repair the dress and that if the
employee did not Griffin would cut her hours at the store. This
event, among others, did not sit well with the other employees.
Thomas began calling Avila on behalf of herself and the other
employees complaining about the way Griffin managed the
store and other personnel3 matters. Avila told Thomas to write
down the issues as they occurred and send them to her. On
September 12, Thomas sent a message to Avila that was also
signed by Morris, Johnson, and two other employees. The
message indicated that the “management situation in our store
has become extremely unstable, unsafe, and unprofessional.”
The message contained a long description of Griffin’s alleged
shortcomings, including that Griffin “used her position to bully,
manipulate, and intimidate” the workers. In response to the
message, Glaser and Avila visited the store and spoke to Griffin
and the employees, including Thomas, Morris, and Johnson.
None of the employees were disciplined by Glaser concerning
the message they sent about Griffin. However, after the letter
was sent Griffin tearfully told Thomas that someone was trying
to get her fired and had written a letter to top management
complaining of all the bad things she was doing. Griffin asked
Thomas if she had sent that letter and Thomas untruthfully
answered that she had not. Griffin told Allison Jones, also
employed by Bettie Page as a sales employee, that she suspect-
ed that Thomas and Morris had sent the letter.
During monthly meetings at the store, employees asked Grif-
fin whether the store could close at 7 p.m. instead of at 8 p.m.
The employees explained to Griffin that other stores in the area
were closing earlier and that the employees working late some-
times were harassed late at night by the street people after the
tourists had left the neighborhood. Griffin’s reply was that she
would raise the issue with corporate, but nothing was resolved.
On November 4 Thomas and Morris were working together;
Griffin was out of town at the time. After speaking by tele-
phone with Jan Hutto, Bettie Page’s human resources consult-
ant, about a computer issue, Thomas and Hutto began speaking
about sales for the day. Thomas indicated that the season
seemed to be winding down as the tourists were not there as
much and sales were declining. Hutto asked if that was the
case for other stores in the area and Thomas indicated that the
other stores were closing as 6 or 7 p.m. and Bettie Page was the
only store that remained open until 8 p.m. Hutto said that man-
agement was unaware of that fact and said that she would talk

3 Certain errors in the transcript are noted and corrected.
to Glaser about the matter. Glaser then called and Thomas
again reported about sales. Then Thomas explained how typi-
cally Griffin opened the store and Thomas typically closed the
store. She told Glaser what the employees had expressed to
Griffin during the store meetings about closing the store earlier.
Thomas explained to Glaser that the employees had expressed
their concerns about safety because Bettie Page was the only
store open late in the area and street people occasionally har-
assed the employees from outside the store—even came into
the store—and the store had no alarm or security system to
assist the young women who were working until 8 p.m.. Glaser
told Thomas that Griffin had never raised the subject with him
and they were unaware of the fact that the other stores were
closing earlier. Glaser gave his approval to close the store at 7
p.m. Contrary to what Bettie Page later claimed, Thomas did
not indicate that Griffin had agreed that the store should close
earlier. As she was walking home that evening after closing the
store at 7 p.m., Thomas received a call from Griffin; Griffin, as
mentioned, was out of town. Griffin angrily asked why Thom-
as was not answering the phone at the store. Thomas explained
that Glaser had agreed that the store should close at 7 p.m. go-
ing forward. Griffin replied that she did not believe Thomas
and would call Glaser. Thomas then called Glaser and told him
of the call from Griffin; Glaser said that Thomas should not
worry and that he would handle Griffin. Continuing, Griffin
then again called Thomas and indicated that she had just spo-
ken with Glaser and the store would again close at 8 p.m. Grif-
fin said that she could not believe that Thomas had spoken with
Glaser about the matter. Thomas then called Morris and in-
formed her of the turn of events. Later that evening Morris,
Thomas, and Johnson posted the following messages on Face-
book:

Holli Thomas needs a new job. I’m physically and mentally
sickened.
Vanessa Morris. It’s pretty obvious that my manager is as
immature as a person can be and she proved that this evening
even more so. I’m am [sic] unbelievably stressed out and I
can’t believe NO ONE is doing anything about it! The way
she treats us in [sic] NOT okay but no one cares because eve-
rytime we try to solve conflicts NOTHING GETS DONE!!
Holli Thomas. bettie page would roll over in her grave.
Vanessa Morris. She already is girl!
Holli Thomas. 800 miles away yet she’s still continues our
lives miserable. Phenomenal!
Vanessa Morris. And no one’s doing anything about it! Big
surprise!
Brittany [Johnson]. “bettie page would roll over in her
grave.” I’ve been thinking the same thing for quite some
time.
Vanessa Morris. hey dudes it’s totally cool, tomorrow I’m
bringing a California Worker’s Rights book to work. My
mom works for a law firm that specializes in labor law and
BOY will you be surprised by all the crap that’s going on
that’s in violation 8) see you tomorrow!

The next day or so Morris brought the book about worker’s
rights to the store and placed it in the breakroom where other
employees looked through it. The book covered matters such
784 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD

as benefits, discrimination, the right to organize, safety, health
and sanitation.
Brynn Michel, sales employee at Bettie Page and a friend of
Griffin’s, told Griffin of the Facebook postings described
above. Griffin then accessed Michel’s Facebook page and
viewed the postings. Griffin then called Avila who then called
Hutto. On November 6, Hutto sent Glaser the following mes-
sage entitled, “Facebook comments by Vanessa Morris and
Holli Thomas San Francisco”:

I screen printed these so you could see them. Carla (Avila)
gave me the heads up. I guess she also stated that her mom
picked up a California employment book and that we are do-
ing all kind of things wrong. I didn’t see that post. Maybe
ask Carla about it. I think we need to take action right away.
Also I don’t k now if Hayley (Griffin) is the right person to do
it.

Attached to this message were copies of some of the Facebook
postings described above. Later Hutto also sent Glaser a copy
of the Facebook posting wherein Thomas indicated her inten-
tion to bring the worker’s rights book to work.
On November 10, Thomas arrived at work and observed that
Griffin had returned early from her trip. Griffin immediately
directed Thomas to her office and summoned Morris from the
work floor to join them. Also present was Ashley Cunningham
a/k/a Doris Mayday, who had been flown in by Bettie Page to
assist Griffin in the termination process that follows. Griffin
stated that they were being fired because things were not work-
ing out. Griffin gave them their paychecks, stated that they
were paid until 3 p.m. that day, told them to leave the premises
immediately and that they were not allowed on Bettie Page
premises again.
Griffin testified that after she fired Thomas and Morris:

[T]hey started giggling and smiling and [Thomas] looked at
me and said so we don’t have to work today? And I said nope
and they were so happy and they gave each other hugs and
[Morris] ran to the back and grabbed the new dress she just
bought which I checked the bag to make sure she had the re-
ceipt. Just so ecstatic, ran out to the store and gave the other
girls hugs and high fives. And said we’ll be back. I don’t re-
member who said that. But just absolutely thrilled that they
got to leave.

I conclude Griffin’s testimony concerning the happiness of
Morris and Thomas at being fired is exaggerated to say the
least; to the contrary, I conclude this uncorroborated testimony
was created to fit neatly in with the Facebook posting described
below. Instead, I credit Thomas’ testimony denying that she
and Morris laughed, giggled, and hugged each other after they
were fired and Morris’ testimony that admitted only that they
may have hugged each other outside the store as they were
leaving.
After they were fired the following comments were posted
on Facebook by Morris and her Facebook friends:

VANESSA MORRIS. OMG the most AMAZING thing just
happened!!!! 8D
ANNA GARCIA. What?!
VANESSA MORRIS. Oh just the best thing came happen at
the job!!
SHANNON IMPERO. did they fire that one mean bitch for
you?
VANESSA MORRIS. Nooooo they fired me and my assis-
tant manager because “it just wasn’t working out” we both
laughed and said see yaaaaah and hugged each other while
giggling
ANNA GARCIA. Hahaha
VANESSA MORRIS. Muhahahahaha!!! “So they’ve fallen
into my crutches”

Although Bettie Page contends that this posting shows it was
setup by the employees to be discharged Morris credibly ex-
plained at trial that she and her sister were big fans of “The
Monkees,” a popular band with a television program in the
60’s; this sentence is something they said on that program.4
I now describe several incidents that Bettie Page claims
caused it to fire Thomas and Morris. A day or so after Novem-
ber 5 Thomas was outside the store during a break period talk-
ing with Johnson on her mobile phone. Thomas and Johnson
were discussing the early closing matter and Thomas was stat-
ing how she felt Griffin had been unprofessional and incompe-
tent. Then Thomas discovered that she had accidentally dialed
Griffin’s number. Thomas hung up and returned to the store.
Griffin then called Thomas and announced she had heard what
Thomas had said about her and that she could not believe
Thomas was talking to the other employees about her. Thomas
credibly denied describing Griffin as a “bitch.” The foregoing
facts are based on the credible testimony of Thomas, Johnson,
and Allison Jones. Their testimony was mutually corroborative
and their demeanor was convincing. Griffin, on the other hand,
testified that after receiving the call “I heard noise and then I
heard [Thomas’] voice and it sounded like maybe three or four
other girls’ voices and I heard other noises, I heard my store,
customers.” She also claimed that she heard Thomas calling
her a “bitch.” I do not credit this testimony and I also do not
believe that Griffin’s hearing was such that she could hear the
voices of other employees and hear and distinguish them from
the voices of customers and at the same time hear the noises
that indicated that Thomas was inside the store as she was talk-
ing. Importantly, in the affidavit that Griffin provided during
the investigation of the charge in this case she made no mention
of hearing any customers during this incident. Based on testi-
mony such as this5 and on my observation of Griffin’s demean-
or I hesitate to credit any of her testimony.
On November 5, Hutto was sent messages from a service
that monitors the emails sent from Bettie Page’s computers.
The messages indicated the following three emails were sent by
Morris from those computers:

4 In his brief that the General Counsel states that Bettie Page’s “con-
spiracy theory is nonsensical.” I agree and give in no more considera-
tion.
5 Other examples are Griffin’s testimony during cross-examination
by the General Counsel concerning why she did and did not make
certain markings on tardiness records, concerning when Griffin began
to more strictly enforce the tardiness policy, and concerning usage of
the company computer for personal use.
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 785

Vanessa Morris—Seeking Sales Associate Position!!!
Hello, My name is Vanessa Morris and I am seeking a full
time position but I will take part time if there are no full time
positions available. I love customer service and retail because
I love the constant interactions with different types of people
on an everyday basis. I currently work for a 1950’s reproduc-
tion dress boutique in the city.

Vanessa Morris—Craig’s List POSTING!!!!!!!!
Hello my name is Vanessa Morris and I am inquiring about
your post. I love reproduction clothing and I love working re-
tail. I have open availability and can start immediately. At-
tached is my resume.
Thanks you for your time.
V. Morris

Vanessa Morris—Job Resume

The record is unclear when Morris sent those messages and
what prompted the monitoring service to send the messages to
Hutto. On November 9, Bettie Page was sent message from the
email monitoring service that showed that Johnson had used the
company’s computer to send two resumes seeking employment
elsewhere.
With those events in mind, I now describe the reasons Bettie
Page has given for its termination of Thomas and Morris. Gla-
ser made the decision to fire Thomas. In his pretrial affidavit,
given under penalty of perjury, Glaser stated:

My decision to terminate. . . . Thomas was because while
Griffin was out of town. . . . Thomas did things. Thomas
called me to change operating hours and close early. She told
me that she had spoken with Griffin and that Griffin agreed to
close early. The next day I spoke with Griffin and she told
me that she had never talked to her. Soon after we hired the
employees in late June 2010, Thomas sent me a long letter
about how she thought the store should be run. She was not
complaining about Griffin, but about what she thought Griffin
should be doing at the store. I told her to talk to Griffin. It
appeared from the beginning that there was a competing issue
for manager between them. The behavior manifested into in-
subordination in November 2010 with Thomas contravening
Griffin’s decisions. The conflicts continued, finally resulting
in her termination.

At the trial Glaser testified that he fired Thomas for two in-
stances of insubordination. The first was for calling him on his
mobile phone and telling him that “we” decided that since there
are no customers in the store after 7 p.m. “we” are going to
permanently close the store 1 hour early. Glaser explained that
the insubordination “was unilaterally deciding to close the store
while giving me the impression she had (the) consent (of) the
manager to do so, which she did not.” Glaser explained that
Thomas gave him the impression that Griffin, the store manag-
er, had agreed to the early closing time when Thomas used the
word “we” in the phone conversation. Glaser admitted, howev-
er, that Thomas never specifically mentioned the manager dur-
ing that conversation. Glaser claims that he also spoke with Jan
Hutto about closing the store early. According to Glaser, Hutto
told him that Thomas had called her and they discussed the
matter of closing the store at 7 p.m. Hutto suggested that
Thomas call Glaser first to get his permission. According to
Glaser, Hutto said that she too was “under the impression” that
Thomas had discussed the matter with Griffin. However, I
have concluded above as a matter of fact that Thomas never
indicated that Griffin had agreed to close early to either Glaser
or Hutto; on the contrary, Thomas indicated that Griffin was
passively resistant to that suggestion. And if Griffin had want-
ed to close the store early, Glaser must have wondered why she
did not raise the matter directly with him instead of having that
suggestion come from a subordinate. The second instance of
insubordination, according to Glaser, occurred when Thomas
referred to Griffin “as a bitch while on the sales floor of our
store in the presence of customers and other employees.” He
learned of this from Griffin. Glaser admitted, however, that
Griffin was not present on the sales floor during this incident.
Rather, Griffin was in San Diego and heard the remarks over
her mobile phone. According to Glaser, Griffin “heard custom-
ers and talking and the cash register and other people.” Glaser
also claimed that Thomas had called Griffin a bitch in his pres-
ence and in front of other people in the past, but he did not
discipline her for using that language. However, on the unem-
ployment insurance claim form for Thomas, Bettie Page indi-
cated that:

Holli Thomas was fired for not performing her duties as an
assistant manager by working against her manager at all times
and taking too many days off after being written up for it.

So the name calling incident not only did not occur but was not
even mentioned as a reason for termination in the unemploy-
ment insurance claim and had been tolerated in the past if it had
occurred. Finally, at trial, Respondent’s counsel asserted still
other reasons for Thomas’ termination. Among them were that
Thomas had decided to take off the week of Thanksgiving to go
on vacation with her mother. Of course, that event had not yet
occurred because Thomas was fired 2 weeks before Thanksgiv-
ing.
According to Glaser, he fired Morris for insubordination af-
ter she disobeyed specific requests from Griffin to perform
expected functions as a sales associate “(c)ontinually since her
employment began, but it accelerated while Ms. Griffin was in
San Diego.” At trial Glaser explained:

She was told not to text from the salesroom floor, personal
texting. She did so. She was told not to eat on the salesroom
floor behind the register. She would do so. She was told not
to change the displays without talking to the manager. She
would do so. And, most specifically, she signed a specific
document to not use company computers for personal purpos-
es, and instead she used company computers to send out her
resume looking for jobs with our competitors.

I can tell you that the proximate cause of firing her was using
the computer, the company computer to send out her resume
to competitors.

Glaser admitted that Brittany Johnson also used the company
computer to send out her resumes and that Jan Hutto was aware
of this but Johnson was not fired for this conduct. According to
Glaser, Griffin told him that she would see Morris “constantly
texting” and Griffin would be “constantly telling her to stop it.”
786 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD

On one occasion in around August or September Glaser waited
outside the store while his wife Tatyana went inside to act as a
secret shopper. They discovered that Morris was eating potato
chips behind the counter. On the unemployment insurance
claim form for Morris, Bettie Page indicated that Morris:

[H]as been written up for a few different things and caused an
overall negative work environment. Her overall attitude to-
wards the company was not acceptable. She stated on many
occasions that she hated her job and Bettie Page store and sent
out resumes from the company computer.

On an appeal form contesting Morris’ unemployment insurance
claim Bettie Page indicated:

Attached are documents of postings on Facebook and proof
that Vanessa Morris was using the company computer after
signing documents stating it was not to be used for personal
use. She not only was undermining [illegible] the Bettie Page
company. Her attitude was affecting all staff.

Attached to the appeal form were copies of the Facebook post-
ings described above. At Morris’ unemployment compensation
hearing Glaser testified that the reasons Morris was fired were:

Insubordination, defamation on public media regarding our
personnel and our company, tardiness to her job, personal use
of company equipment in direct violation of the employee
handbook and the specific document prohibiting the same.

At the trial in this case Glaser explained the reference to Mor-
ris’ use of the public media in his testimony at the unemploy-
ment compensation hearing as follows:

She was fired—the proximate cause was because of her per-
sonal computer use. The reason the defamation was referred
to in [the transcript of the unemployment compensation hear-
ing] is probably—it’s my fault. But after she was fired, I no-
ticed on Facebook that she wrote that I fell into her trap, fell
into her clutches

And I was really upset. I said that I was setup, that it was
entrapment and I was just livid. And so, when I went to
this hearing, that was on my mind. And it’s the only reason I
threw in this defamation as part of a number of reasons, which
were the real reason, she was dismissed.

Yet at the unemployment compensation hearing the judge
asked Glaser why Morris was fired and he testified, in part,
referring to the Facebook postings described above:

Mr. Glaser: I don’t know if this would warrant discharge, but
there’s a comment prior to that, hey dude, totally cool; tomor-
row I’m bringing a California Worker’s Rights Book to work.
My mom works for a law firm that specializes in labor laws
and, boy, will you be surprised by all the crap that’s going on
in violations.
See you tomorrow.

I conclude that Bettie Page’s and particularly Glaser’s explana-
tions concerning the reasons for the discharges of Morris and
Thomas morphed as needed based on the exigencies of the
situation.
Bettie Page’s handbook permitted use of its computers for
personal reasons only during breaktime or lunchtime, and then
only to “an absolute minimum.” Employees were also required
to sign a lengthy computer use policy in October that restricted
use of company computers for personal matters to “minimal
and incidental use.” The evidence, however, shows that em-
ployees and especially Griffin used the work computers for
personal matters such as viewing online dating, shopping, and
Facebook. Indeed, on August 17, 2011, employee Brynn
Michel used the work computer for personal use, including
sending her resumes to another employer. She was given a first
warning for this conduct. The evidence also shows that other
employees, including Griffin, ate food on the sales room floor
without being disciplined.
Analysis of the Terminations of Thomas and Morris
For over three-quarters of a century Section 7 of the Act has
given employees the right to act together (concerted activity) to
improve their working conditions. Concerted activity is activi-
ty that is “engaged in, with or on the authority of other employ-
ees, and not solely by and of the employee himself.” Meyers
Industries, 281 NLRB 882, 885 (1986) (Meyers II), affd. sub
nom. Prill v. NLRB, 835 F.2d 1481 (D.C. Cir. 1987), cert. de-
nied 487 U.S. 1205 (1988). Likewise, “It is well-settled Board
law that concerted protests of supervisory conduct are protected
under Section 7 of the Act where such protested conduct affects
employees’ working conditions.” Rhee Bros., Inc., 343 NLRB
695, 695 fn. 3 (2004), quoting Trompler, Inc., 335 NLRB 478,
479 (2001), enfd. 338 F.3d 747 (7th Cir. 2003). Thomas and
Morris engaged in protected concerted activity when they pre-
sented the concerns of the employees about working late in an
unsafe neighborhood to Griffin and then when Thomas present-
ed those concerns on behalf of the employees to Glaser. In the
conversation with Glaser, Thomas explained those concerns
were shared by other employees who also wanted the store to
close early. Their Facebook postings were a continuation of
that effort culminating in the employee rights handbook being
brought to work for the employees to peruse.6 Clearly Bettie
Page knew of the concerted nature of these activities.
I now apply the shifting burden analysis required by Wright
Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662 F.2d 899 (1st Cir.
1981), cert. denied 455 U.S. 989 (1982),7 to determine whether
the General Counsel has met his initial burden of showing that
Thomas and Morris were fired because of those activities. See
also T&J Trucking Co., 316 NLRB 771 (1995). Stripped of its
fabricated patina, Glaser’s testimony amounted to an admission

6 The General Counsel urges that I consider the September 12 mes-
sage, described above, as part of the protected, concerted activity of
Thomas and Morris. To be sure, it was. But I discount the role that
activity played in the discharges of the employees because there is no
evidence that Glaser harbored any animus towards the employees be-
cause of that activity. Remember it was Glaser who decided to fire
Thomas and Morris.
7 In its brief, Bettie Page cites Western Exterminator Co. v. NLRB,
565 F.2d. 1114, 1118 (9th Cir. 1977), for the proposition that the Gen-
eral Counsel must establish that the unlawful motive was the “domi-
nant” motive. But this and similar cases were implicitly overruled by
the Supreme Court in NLRB v. Transportation Management Corp., 462
U.S. 393 (1983).
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 787

that he fired Thomas because she raised the concerns of the
employees about safety and the store closing time. And Bettie
Page’s presentations to the unemployment insurance depart-
ment are admissions that the Facebook postings were a reason
Bettie Page terminated Morris. Remember also that Avila ad-
vised Glaser that, “I think we need to take action right away”
concerning discharging Thomas and Morris for their Facebook
postings. These admissions alone easily satisfy the General
Counsel’s burden. The element of timing strengthens the case,
inasmuch the terminations came quickly on the heels of the
protected concerted activity by Thomas and Morris. Finally, as
explained above the shifting and specious reasons given by
Bettie Page for the terminations further strengthen the General
Counsel’s case.
I now examine whether Bettie Page has met its burden of
showing that it would have fired Thomas and Morris even if
they had not engaged in protected concerted activity. Where, as
here, the General Counsel makes a strong showing of discrimi-
natory motivation, an employer’s rebuttal burden is substantial.
See Eddyleon Chocolate Co., 301 NLRB 887, 890 (1991); see
also Van Vlerah Mechanical, 320 NLRB 739, 744 (1996). I
have already noted the shifting and specious nature of the rea-
sons for discharge and I therefore conclude that Bettie Page has
failed to meet its burden. By discharging Vanessa Morris and
Holli Thomas for engaging in protected concerted activity,
Bettie Page violated Section 8(a(1).
Bettie Page claims that Thomas is not entitled to reinstate-
ment because she gave an incorrect social security number on
her employment application. However, Thomas credibly ex-
plained that when she filled out that application she had just
moved to San Francisco from Los Angeles away from her par-
ents’ house for the first time and she did not have credentials
such as her birth certificate or social security card with her. So
she called her mother to obtain her social security number who
gave Thomas the number based on her memory. Well, it turned
out that the last four digits were incorrect. Thomas discovered
this in the course of her application for unemployment compen-
sation and she then sent Hutto a message advising her of the
error. Moreover, on June 29, Bettie Page did a background
check on Thomas; the report it received had Thomas’ correct
social security number. Under these circumstances, I conclude
that this was nothing more than an isolated, inadvertent error
and Bettie Page would have viewed it as such. I conclude Bet-
tie Page has failed to show that it would have fired Thomas had
it known of this mistake.
Turning to the discharge of Brittany Johnson, shortly after
Thomas and Morris were fired on November 10, Griffin told
Johnson that she could not tell Johnson who Johnson could be
friends with, but she was tempted to put a gag order on Johnson
so she would not be able to talk about work. Griffin made this
comment after she noticed that Johnson had received a text
message from Thomas.
Griffin posted a schedule for the employees, but she would
change the schedule and sometimes forget to tell employees she
had done so. On December 11, Johnson believed she was
scheduled to start work at 2 p.m. However, shortly after 12
p.m. she received a call from Griffin asking where she was and
that she was supposed to start at 12 p.m. Johnson explained
that she thought she was scheduled to start at 2 p.m. but she
would get to the store as soon as possible. When she arrived
Griffin terminated Johnson’s employment. Griffin made the
decision to fire Johnson and informed Glaser of it after the fact.
The termination form indicated that Johnson “was supposed to
be @ work @ 12 pm. I called Brittany she thought she worked
@ 2 pm. Brittany didn’t show up until 1:10 pm” and “also
Brittany was obviously hung over.” Brynn Michel, a sales
employee for Bettie Page who was working the day that John-
son was fired noticed that Johnson was wearing sunglasses
when she arrived to work that day but that Johnson in the past
had frequently admitted to being hung over when she arrived to
work. On the unemployment insurance claim form for John-
son, Bettie Page indicated that Johnson “had been written up 2
times over a 4-month period for being late but continued to be
late. Almost everyday.” In its statement of position submitted
during the investigation of the charge filed in this case, Bettie
Page indicates that Johnson was fired for “for chronic tardiness
and insubordinately challenging her supervisor Griffin when
she was reprimanded for being over an hour late to work in
December.”
Bettie Page has the following provision in its employee
handbook:

ATTENDANCE
Punctual attendance is mandatory for efficient job perfor-
mance. . . . [H]abitual tardiness will be subject to appropriate
disciplinary action, up to and including termination. Habitual
tardiness, regardless of how minor, reflects negatively on the
employee and the company. . . . Late is late. 1 incident is
cause for verbal warning. 2 incidents earn a written warning,
at management’s discretion. Multiple incidents are cause for
further action.

Despite this provision in the handbook, employees regularly
arrived late for work and were not disciplined, although the
length of their tardiness was, for the most part, in the range of
10 minutes or less. More specifically, on August 23, Griffin
gave Morris a verbal and written warning for tardiness and on
September 17 Griffin gave Thomas a verbal and written warn-
ing for tardiness, both warnings indicated that if it happened
again it could lead to a suspension or termination. However,
notwithstanding the written policy in the handbook and the
comments on the warnings, Griffin told employees that so long
as someone is present to open the store on time, it did not mat-
ter much if employees arrived 10 minutes or so late. After
receiving the warnings, Thomas and Morris continued to be late
but were not disciplined. Allison Jones worked for Bettie Page
as a sales employee. One day Griffin called Jones and told her
that she was supposed to be at work. Jones told Griffin that she
did not realize the schedule had been changed, but she lived
nearby and quickly came to work. Jones was not disciplined
for arriving late.
I now examine Johnson’s tardiness record. On August 28,
Griffin gave Johnson a verbal and written warning for arriving
40 minutes late to work that day. The warning indicate “if
happens again—will be suspended, and if happens a third time
can result in termination.” Johnson continued to be tardy on a
regular basis but was not warned or disciplined until December
788 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD

6, when Griffin issued Johnson another written warning, this
time for being 15 minutes late for work. This warning indicat-
ed that Johnson “has been late to work multiple times in the last
month” and that “If happens again—possible termination.” The
only other written discipline given to employees relating to
tardiness before or near the time Johnson was fired was given
to employee Jennifer Townsend on October 2.
Analysis of Johnson’s Termination
Johnson engaged in protected concerted activity when she
joined the Facebook postings of Morris and Thomas by posting
“‘bettie page would roll over in her grave.’ I’ve been thinking
the same thing for quite some time.”8 Although viewed alone,
this was a rather innocuous comment, at least compared to the
postings of Morris and Thomas. But other evidence shows that
Griffin more strongly connected Johnson with Morris and
Thomas than a more disinterested observer might think. Short-
ly after the terminations of Morris and Thomas, Griffin warned
Johnson that she would like to place a “gag order” on Johnson
so that she would not be able to talk about working conditions;
this was after Griffin observed that Johnson was reading a text
message from Thomas. I take into consideration my conclusion
that Bettie Page unlawfully terminated Thomas and Morris
thereby showing its hostility towards the fact that those em-
ployees made those Facebook postings. In sum, the evidence
shows that Johnson engaged in protected concerted activity and
Bettie Page knew this. Bettie Page continued to link Johnson
with the protected concerted activity of Morris and Thomas and
expressed a desire to disrupt that link. Bettie Page had unlaw-
ful animus towards that protected concerted activity. I con-
clude that General Counsel has met his initial burden under
Wright Line.
I now determine whether Bettie Page has met its burden of
showing that it would have fired Johnson anyway. To be sure,
Johnson had been late on the day she was fired and she had
been warned about tardiness just days before. But the record
shows that no employee had ever before been fired for tardiness
despite the widespread, continuing tardiness of employees.
Remember, Bettie Page cannot merely point to employee mis-
conduct to meet its burden; rather, it must show that it would
have terminated the employee based on the misconduct. Car-
dinal Home Products, 338 NLRB 1004, 1008 (2003). I con-
clude it has failed to do so. It follows that by terminating Brit-
tany Johnson, Bettie Page violated Section 8(a)(1).
Bettie Page claims that Johnson is not entitled to reinstate-
ment because of comments she made after she was fired. Ac-
cording to Brynn Michel, the sales employee who was working
the day that Johnson was fired, after she had been terminated
Johnson said that she always knew that Griffin was “a horrid
bitch from the moment I met you.” According to Griffin, John-

8 Johnson also engaged in protected concerted activity when she
signed the September 12 message. However, there is no evidence that
Griffin knew that Johnson signed that message. Rather, as described
above, Griffin concluded that Thomas and Morris had sent the message.
And while Glaser knew that Johnson signed the message, there is no
evidence that Glaser was angry at the employees for sending that mes-
sage. I therefore discount the impact this activity had in the decision to
terminate Johnson.
son:

[W]as pissed off. She was very, very mad. She stormed out
of the store. She maybe ran and grabbed like her, you know,
something maybe a CD she had and something else and came
behind the counter and stormed out and when she left, she
said “Hayley, now I can finally tell you, I’ve always thought
that you were a horrid bitch. Screamed it through my store in
front of customers. Huge scene.

Although Johnson did not deny this event, I do not entirely
credit Griffin’s testimony that the name calling occurred in
front of customers or caused a “huge scene.” Rather, I attribute
this part of her testimony to her propensity to exaggerate. I do
conclude, however, that Johnson did call Griffin a “bitch.” But
this inappropriate outburst was triggered directly by Bettie
Page’s unlawful termination of Johnson. I have concluded that
there is no credible evidence that this occurred in front of cus-
tomers and that the comment was brief and isolated. Remem-
ber that Glaser himself admitted that an employee called Griffin
a “bitch” in his presence and he did not even discipline, much
less terminate, that employee. Under these circumstances, I
conclude that Johnson’s intemperate outburst is not sufficient to
deprive her of an offer of reinstatement.
Bettie Page also contends that Johnson is not entitled to rein-
statement because on her employment application she indicated
that she had not been convicted of a crime yet in fact she had.
Bettie Page has an employee handbook that contains the fol-
lowing provision:

CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS
Criminal convictions are taken very seriously by [Bettie
Page.] We reserve the right to disqualify any applicant for
employment that has been convicted of a criminal offense.
Furthermore, conviction of a crime may result in automatic
termination. [Bettie Page] will make every effort to evaluate
the nature and circumstances of the conviction. With safety
and well being of co-workers at stake, convicted employees
may be subject to appropriate disciplinary action, up to and
including termination.

Johnson’s conviction was a misdemeanor DUI that occurred in
2005. Johnson was required to attend classes on Thursday
evenings as part of her probation. Johnson told Griffin that she
needed to have those evenings off to attend the classes, specifi-
cally mentioning that they were DUI classes. Moreover, Grif-
fin herself admitted to Johnson that she had spent 6 months in
jail in Georgia for involvement with crystal meth, although
there is no evidence concerning whether Griffin listed this con-
viction on her employment application. There is no evidence in
the record concerning how Bettie Page learned that Johnson
had not listed the conviction on her employment application. I
do not read the “after-acquired” evidence cases as allowing an
employer to troll through an unlawfully discharged employee’s
work record in search for something that might serve to deprive
the employee of reinstatement; to do so would allow the em-
ployer to continue to subject the employee to negative em-
ployment consequences that the employee would not have oth-
erwise suffered had the employee not engaged in protected
activity and been unlawfully discharged.
BETTIE PAGE CLOTHING 789

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. By discharging Vanessa Morris, Holli Thomas, and Brit-
tany Johnson for engaging in protected concerted activity, Re-
spondent has engaged in unfair labor practices affecting com-
merce within the meaning of Section 8(a)(1) and Section 2(6)
and (7) of the Act.
2. By maintaining a rule that forbids employees from dis-
closing wages and compensation to each other or to any third
party Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) and Section 2(6) and
(7) of the Act..
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practices, I shall order it to cease and desist therefrom
and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectuate the
policies of the Act. The Respondent, having discriminatorily
discharged employees, must offer them reinstatement and make
them whole for any loss of earnings and other benefits. Back-
pay shall be computed in accordance with F. W. Woolworth
Co., 90 NLRB 289 (1950), with interest at the rate prescribed in
New Horizons for the Retarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987), com-
pounded daily as prescribed in Kentucky River Medical Center,
356 NLRB 6 (2010).
The General Counsel seeks two additional remedies. For
reasons that follow I grant both of them. Section 10(c) of the
Act gives the Board the power to devise remedies for unfair
labor practices that will “effectuate the policies of the Act.”
The discriminatees here will receive lump-sum payments of
backpay. This may result in higher State and Federal income
taxes than they would have paid had they not been unlawfully
fired. To this extent the unlawfully discharged employees will
not have been made whole. To more fully remedy the viola-
tions I have described above and therefore to more fully effec-
tuate the policies of the Act, I shall order Respondent to reim-
burse the unlawfully discharged employees for the amounts
equal to the difference in taxes they owe upon receipt of the
lump-sum payment and the amount of taxes they would have
owed had they not been unlawfully terminated. Next, the Gen-
eral Counsel points out that the Social Security Administration
generally credits backpay to an individual’s earnings record in
the year reported by the employer. Here, the unlawfully dis-
charged employees will likely receive backpay several years
after they were fired. In some cases this may result in lower
benefits or even the failure to qualify for any benefits due to a
lack of the required credits. Again, to the extent that this hap-
pens, an unlawfully discharged employee will not have been
made whole for the unlawful discharge. Again, to more fully
remedy the violations I have described above and therefore to
more fully effectuate the policies of the Act, I shall order Re-
spondent to complete the paperwork needed to properly notify
the Social Security Administration so that it may properly allo-
cate the backpay to the appropriate periods.
Having found that Respondent maintained an unlawful rule
in its handbook, I shall require it to revise or rescind the unlaw-
ful rule and advise employees in writing that the rule has been
rescinded or revised.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]