Crest Tankers

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Apr 27, 1984

270 N.L.R.B. 47 (N.L.R.B. 1984)

CREST TANKERS
Crest Tankers, Inc. and Radio Oficers Union, Dis-
trict No. 3, NMEBA, AFL-CIO. Case 15-CA-
8769
27 April 1984
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN DOTSON AND MEMBERS
HUNTER AND DENNIS
On 18 October 1983 Administrative Law Judge
Howard I. Grossman issued the attached decision.
The Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting
brief, and the General Counsel submitted a brief in
support of the judge's decision.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegat-
ed its authority in this proceeding to a three-
member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the
record in light of the exceptions and briefs and has
decided to affirm the judge's rulings, findings,z and
conclusions and to adopt the recommended Order.
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the
recommended Order of the administrative law
judge and orders that the Respondent, Crest Tank-
ers, Inc., Clayton, Missouri, its officers, agents, suc-
cessors, and assigns, shall take the action set forth
in the Order.
l The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge's credibility find-
ings. The Board's established policy is not to overrule an administrative
law judge's credibility resolutions unless the clear preponderance of all
the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect Standard Dry
Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362 (3d Cir. 1951).
We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing
the findings. Additionally the Respondent asserts that the judge's findings
are a result of bias. After a careful examination of the entire record, we
are satisfied that this allegation is without merit.
The Respondent has attached to its brief a letter it received after the
hearing from its employee Charouleau in support of its contention that it
had hired Charouleau on II October 1982. The Respondent requests that
this letter be entered into the record or, in the alternative, that the casue
be remanded to the judge for the purpose of taking Charouleau's testimo-
ny. We note that the proffered evidence is not in the form of a sworn
affidavit and that the Respondent has not established the evidence was
newly discovered or previously unavailable. Accordingly, we deny the
Respondent's request. Furthermore, the letter is ambiguous regarding the
circumstances of Charouleau's hiring inasmuch as it refers to a phone call
in November 1982 from the Respondent's Fleet Manager McHenry to
confirm that Charouleau still wanted the job. Thus, even if the letter
were considered, we would not find that it warrants a different result.
In sec. III,B,I, of his decision, the judge, in noting that McHenry did
not call the Union's hiring hall for radio officers, attributes to McHenry
the reason that he was working for a company with a "different philoso-
phy." The record indicates, however, that it was the Union's attorney
who asked McHenry if the reason he did not call the union hiring hall
was because the Company had a different philosophy, and that McHenry
responded that he did not know what the Company's philosophy was. In
correcting this error we nevertheless find it insufficient to affect the re-
suits of our decision.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
HOWARD I. GROSSMAN, Administrative Law Judge.
The charge was riled on November 2, 1982,1 By Radio
Officers Union, District No. 3 NMEBA, AFL-CIO
(herein ROU or the Union). A complaint issued on De-
cember 22, and amendments thereto issued on March 31,
1983. As amended, the complaint alleges that Crest
Tankers, Inc. (herein Respondent or Crest)2 interrogated
an employee concerning his union membership, told an
employee that he would not be hired because of his
union membership activities, said that Respondent would
scrap its vessels if any of its employees joined a national
union, and said to an employee that the Company would
not be hiring any union personnel, all in violation of Sec-
tion 8(aXI) of the National Labor Relations Act (herein
the Act). Further, the complaint alleges, Respondent re-
fused to hire Frederick G. Andersen and John W. Tibbs
on or about October 18 and 19, and continuing thereaf-
ter, because of their union activities, in violation of Sec-
tion 8(aX3) of the Act.
A hearing was conducted before me on these matters
on June 8 and 9, 1983, in New Orleans, Louisiana. On
the entire record, including briefs filed by the General
Counsel, Respondent, and the Charging Party, and on
my observation of the demeanor of the witnesses, I make
the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. JURISDICTION
Respondent is a Missouri corporation, with offices and
a place of business in Clayton, Missouri, where it is en-
gaged in the operation of vessels used to transport petro-
leum products to various States and territories of the
United States. Based on a projection of its operations
since November 1, 1982, when Respondent commenced
operations, it will derive gross revenues in excess of
50,000 for transportation of freight from the States of
North Carolina and/or Louisiana directly to points locat-
ed outside said States. The pleadings establish and I find
that Respondent is an employer engaged in commerce
within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
The pleadings as amended at the hearing establish, and
I find, that the Union is a labor organization within the
meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
II111. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background
Respondent is a wholly owned subsidiary of Apex
Holding Company, which in turn is wholly owned by
Apex Oil Company. Apex Holding Company also owns
Apex Shipping, Inc., Clayton Tankers, and, until its
recent dissolution, Apex Tankers Co. Apex Shipping
All dates are in 1982 unless otherwise indicated.
' Respondent's name appears as amended at the hearing.
270 NLRB No. 12
47
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
owns Trinidad Corporation. The record shows that
Apex Holding Company, its subsidiaries, and Trinidad in
most instances have the same officers and management.
Apex Tankers and Crest had the same officers.
Apex Tankers was also engaged in the transportation
of petroleum products, and its only vessel was the S. S.
Little Apex. In 1980, a representation petition concerning
Apex Tankers was filed by the Union's predecessor. The
Acting Regional Director for Region 15 granted a
motion to intervene by Apex Tankers Officers Associa-
tion, based on a collective-bargaining agreement between
the Association and the Employer. He then reversed his
decision, on the ground that the presence of supervisors
among the officers represented by the Association pre-
sented a clear and present danger of a conflict of interest
which would interfere with the collective-bargaining
process. Accordingly, the Regional Director found a unit
of two radio officers to be appropriate. On the filing of
the Employer's request for review, the Board affirmed
the Regional Director's decision. Apex Tankers Co., 257
NLRB 685 (1981). Thereafter, in September 1981, the
ROU was certified as the bargaining representative of
the radio officers on board the Little Apex (G.C. Exh.
13).
About February 1982, the Little Apex was transferred
to the Trinidad fleet, whose employees are represented
by national unions. The ship was scrapped in July 1982,
and Apex Tankers was dissolved on September 27, 1982.
Respondent had been formed about 2 weeks before, on
September 15, 1982.
B. The Purchase and Staffing of Respondent's Ships-
Summary of the Evidence
1. The initial staffing
The Company purchased three ships, two from Getty
Oil Company and one from Gulf Oil Company. Crest as-
signed the staffing of the new ships to William McHenry,
who had formerly worked for Trinidad as a port captain.
He assumed the title of fleet manager with Respondent. s
McHenry started with Crest in September, about the
time of the Company's formation. His plan was to hire
five crews to man the three ships. This was one crew
less than most companies would employ, but McHenry
believed that he could set up a "cycling system" for va-
cations which would permit more economical operations.
Accordingly, he testified that he planned to hire five
radio officers.
One of the principal factual disputes in this case is
whether McHenry actually did hire five radio officers
prior to the time that Andersen and Tibbs, the officers
on the Getty vessels, made application for employment
with Crest. This is the principal reason advanced by the
Company for its failure to hire them. Andersen and
Tibbs were members of the ROU.
There is another factual dispute as to whether Ander-
sen and Tibbs made oral applications on October 18 and
19, respectively. However, the parties stipulated that
written applications for employment were received by
' The pleadings as amended establish that McHenry was a supervisor
and an agent of Respondent within the meaning of the Act.
Crest from Tibbs on October 25, and from Andersen on
November 2 (G.C. Exhs. 11, 12).
McHenry asserted that he asked Getty official Kevin
Smart for a list of employees who were to be laid off.
The fleet manager averred that Respondent did not want
to hire employees away from Getty if the latter still in-
tended to employ them on other ships. McHenry said
that he received this list on September 28 (R. Exh. 2).
However, there were no radio officers on it. McHenry
contended that Smart told him about that time that none
of Getty's radio officers was available for employment
by Crest. However, in a later conversation according to
McHenry, Smart told him that, although Andersen
would be reassigned to another ship, Tibbs was "out of
the union hall," and Getty had no obligation to him. The
absence of Tibbs' name from the hiring list therefore
cannot be explained on the ground that Getty intended
to retain him.
McHenry asserted that he made "verbal commitments"
to various individuals over the telephone, and that this
constituted the hiring of radio officers. The fleet manag-
er said that he hired Alvin Stevenson on September 28 in
this manner. There is no document in evidence to con-
firm Stevenson's hiring, unlike other asserted hirings.
McHenry averred that he called a Leon Fitzgerald, in
Nova Scotia. He first gave the date of this call as No-
vember 6, but then corrected it to October 6. Fitzgerald
needed to get his Coast Guard qualifications "updated,"
and McHenry asserted that he made a "verbal commit-
ment" to hire him. Later, however, he learned that Fitz-
gerald could not meet the qualifications.
McHenry did not call the union hiring hall for radio
officers. The reason, he said, was that he was working
for a company with a "different philosophy." However,
he did place a call to a Joseph Collins, associated with
other labor organizations. McHenry averred that Collins
gave him the names of Samuel Torelli, Sophie Lerro,
and Edward Charouleau. McHenry further stated that he
called Torelli and Lerro on October 12, and made verbal
commitments to hire them on that date. However, letters
to Torelli and Lerro did not follow until 10 days later,
on October 22. Both of them begin with identical sen-
tences: "You recently indicated your interest in employ-
ment as a Radio Officer with Crest Tankers, Inc. I am
pleased to extend to you this firm offer of employment
and welcome you aboard" (G.C. Exhs. 4, 7). Lerro and
Torelli sent telegraphic acceptances which were received
by the Company on October 25 and 27, respectively
(G.C. Exhs. 5, 8). There were no prior written communi-
cations with Torelli and Lerro, according to McHenry.
McHenry gave different dates when he allegedly of-
fered Charouleau employment. He initially testified that
he contacted Charouleau's wife on October 6, and
learned that her husband was aboard a ship owned by
Delta Shipping Co. Charouleau called on October 11,
and McHenry offered him employment. Charouleau re-
plied that he was not available immediately, and
McHenry promised to put him on the "vacation cycle"
starting in January 1983. However, on cross-examination,
McHenry said that Charouleau was offered employment
a month later, on November 11. The first document is a
48
CREST TANKERS
letter to Charouleau dated December 6, confirming his
employment (G.C. Exh. 3). It included an application
form which Charouleau completed and returned to the
Company (G.C. Exh. 2).
McHenry asserted that he learned that Charouleau was
a member of the Radio Officers Union from knowledge
that he was employed by Delta and by reading a publica-
tion which listed the union status of various shipping
companies. He said that he was curious about such mat-
ters. However, in the employment history section of
Charouleau's application, Delta Shipping Company is not
listed as a prior employer (G.C. Exh. 2).
Summing up his hiring prior to October 18, when he
met Andersen, McHenry asserted that he had hired Ste-
venson, Torelli, Lerro, and Fitzgerald, and had made a
commitment to put Charouleau on the first vacation
cycle-a total of five radio officers. However, in an affi-
davit executed in December, McHenry averred that be-
tween the time he received the Getty hiring list (Septem-
ber 28) and October 18, he had "recruited, hired, or
made an offer to four radio officers" (G.C. Exh. 14).
On October 14, Crest offered John Collins an opportu-
nity to prove that the Crest Tankers Officers Association
represented a majority of its officers (C.P. Exh. 6). The
Company recognized the Association on October 18 ac-
cording to McHenry, although it did not own a Getty
ship until November 1, and had only one radio officer
(Stevenson) on salary on October 1.
2. McHenry's visits to the New York Getty and the
Delaware Getty
a. The visit to the New York Getty October 18 and the
conversation with Andersen
The two ships being purchased from Getty by Crest
were the New York Getty and the Delaware Getty. The
acquisition date was projected as November 1. The New
York Getty was docked in Port Allen, Louisiana, on Oc-
tober 18, and McHenry went aboard to interview pro-
spective Crest employees. He had a conversation with
Andersen, the radio officer on the ship. Andersen had
been employed by Getty for about 13 years, and was as-
signed to the New York Getty in December 1980.
According to Andersen, he asked McHenry "what the
status of the radio operators would be in regard to em-
ployment with Crest Tankers." McHenry asked him
whether he was a member of the Radio Officers Union,
and Andersen replied that he was. Andersen stated that
McHenry replied that he could not talk to him about a
job because he was in the ROU, that Crest did not want
any "national union" in the Company, and that if one got
into the Company "they would scrap those ships . . .
just like what happened with the Little Apex." McHenry
added that the owner of the Company said they "wanted
to do their homework right [and] would have no repeti-
tion of what happened with the Little Apex."
Andersen acknowledged that he told McHenry that he
had been with Getty for 13 years, and would like to stay
with Getty. He testified that he had not yet made up his
mind about employment with Crest on October 18.
According to McHenry, Andersen opened the conver-
sation by asking, "What's my chances of getting a job
with Crest Tankers?" McHenry testified that he replied,
"I'm sorry, all of our positions are filled. I've hired the
five radio officers that I need." However, in a letter to a
Board agent, McHenry wrote: "I informed Mr. Andersen
that Crest had already hired four radio officers" (G.C.
Exh. 15).
Andersen then said, in McHenry's version, "You
know, I'm a member of the ROU." McHenry averred on
direct examination that he replied that that did not make
any difference, that he was only interested in staffing the
ships, and that he had already hired a member of the
ROU. However, on cross-examination, McHenry denied
making the latter statement. He contended that Andersen
said that "ROU lawyers are going to meet the ship" at
the time of its acquisition by Crest. McHenry denied
asking Andersen whether he was a member of the ROU,
or telling him that the Company would not hire ROU of-
ficers, or that it would scrap the ships before doing so.
After the New York Getty was sold to Crest on No-
vember I, Andersen was assigned to another Getty
vessel. However, he stopped working for Getty in April
1983, because all the ships had been sold by then.
b. McHenry's visit to the Delaware Getty, October 19
Tibbs was hired by Getty from an ROU hiring hall,
and went aboard the Delaware Getty on October 3.
About 2 weeks later' it was docked at St. Rose, Louisi-
ana, and McHenry went aboard to interview crew mem-
bers. This took place in the officers' lounge, and
McHenry started wth the officers. After the fleet manag-
er had finished with the officers and started with the
crew, Tibbs asserted, he stepped in line in front of one of
the crew members, went in, and asked to speak to
McHenry. The latter agreed, and a conversation took
place. Tibbs asked whether they were going to keep the
same radio officers and have a contract with the ROU.
McHenry replied "No" to both questions, and said that
they were not going to hire any union personnel and
were going to be a nonunion company. Tibbs asked
McHenry if he was aware that there was a contract with
Getty concerning the ship, and McHenry replied that
that was no concern to Crest.
And then, as Tibbs was "asking him more about the
possibility of being hired," McHenry repeated that they
"weren't hiring anybody affiliated with the Union."
McHenry also contended that Crest had hired a full
complement of radio officers. However, he pushed a
piece of paper toward Tibbs, and said that he could
apply "in a non-union capacity." Tibbs replied that he
did not wish to do so, and ignored the paper. He testified
that he wanted advice from ROU Executuve Vice Presi-
dent Joseph M. Penot.
McHenry testified that he went aboard the Delaware
Getty and interviewed about 15 crew members. Howev-
er, he denied having any conversation with Tibbs.
McHenry said that, as he was passing the radio officer's
door, he saw the feet of someone lying on the bunk. Oth-
4 Tibbs gave the date as October 21. I conclude that it was October
19.
49
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
erwise, he contended that the first time he saw Tibbs
was on the day of the hearing.
Richard Roane was a former Getty employee who
became a boatswain (petty officer) with Crest, in charge
of 12 men. He was a member of another labor organiza-
tion with Getty. Roane testified that he was second in a
line of unlicensed employees waiting in a hallway to see
McHenry on the Delaware Getty. He saw the last offi-
cer come out from an interview with McHenry, but did
not see Tibbs. However, after talking. to McHenry,
Roane went back to his quarters to get a letter of recom-
mendation for McHenry, and was absent for 5 to 6 min-
utes. Thereafter, he went on deck near a gangway.
Roane said that he did not know whether Tibbs talked
with McHenry, and acknowledged that he "could have"
done so.
Tibbs left the Delaware Getty about November 1, and
did not return to employment with Getty.
3. The written applications
Tibbs sought the advice of union official Penot, who
suggested that he submit a written application. Accord-
ingly, on October 20, the date after Tibbs' asserted meet-
ing with McHenry, Penot typed up an employment ap-
plication for Tibbs, addressed to Crest (G.C. Exh. 12).
As indicated, the parties stipulated that this letter was re-
ceived by Crest on October 25. Penot said he thought
that he sent a copy to ROU's office.
Andersen testified that he called his wife on October
28 from New Haven, Connecticut, and discussed his em-
ployment prospects. They knew that the New York
Getty and the Delaware Getty were going to be sold,
and that there was uncertainty regarding the future of
the other Getty ships. ROU Executive Vice President
Penot testified that it was widely known in the fall of
1982 that all the Getty ships were for sale. As indicated,
Andersen's employment with Getty ended in April 1983
because all the ships had been sold.
Because of these factors, Andersen and his wife decid-
ed on October 28 that he should seek employment with
Crest. Andersen then called the ROU office in Jersey
City, New Jersey, and spoke to John Zotkowski, the
Union's national secretary-treasurer. He asked for an ap-
plication form, and was told that the Union had a form
letter. Zotkowski came up to New Haven the same day
with the letter, and Andersen signed it and dated it Oc-
tober 28. It is identical in language to the Tibbs letter
(G.C. Exh. 11). Andersen gave the letter to Zotkowski
for mailing. He also gave the union officer a pledge card,
and promised to help organize the vessel for ROU.
Penot gave a different version of the Andersen appli-
cation, and said that it was he who asked Andersen to
apply for employment with Crest. This took place in
Wilmington, North Carolina, on November 1, at the time
of Crest's acquisition of the vessels from Getty. Penot
said that he thought he drafted Andersen's letter, and
that Andersen signed it in his presence. Asked to explain
the October 28 date on Andersen's letter, Penot replied
that he could only assume that it was a form given to
Anderson from someone in the ROU office. He did not
know who dated the letter, but insisted that he had a
conversation with Andersen on November 1, outside the
gate of the Apex Terminal in Wilmington. He asked An-
dersen to try to get employment with Crest, to sign a
pledge card, and to try to "assist the Union in trying to
save the jobs."
As indicated, the parties stipulated the Andersen's
written application was received by Crest on November
2.
4. Respondent's reaction to Andersen and Tibbs
On McHenry's return to his office following his visit
to the Getty ships in Louisiana, he submitted a memoran-
dum, dated October 21, to Crest executive Tom Corn-
wall giving McHenry's version of the Andersen conver-
sation (R. Exh. 3).
On October 28, the Union sent Crest a telegram stat-
ing that it represented Andersen and Tibbs, and request-
ing recognition and bargaining (C.P. Exh. 2). As indicat-
ed above, the charge was filed on November 2. Thereaf-
ter, McHenry called Getty executive Kevin Smart to in-
quire about the status of Andersen and Tibbs. In a letter
to a Board agent, McHenry averred that Smart told him
that Andersen would be retained by Getty, but that
"Tibbs was a temporary person obtained through the
Radio Officers Union to serve on board the Delaware
Getty for a limited time and was not considered avail-
able for employment by Crest." (G.C. Exh. 15). At the
hearing, McHenry testified that Smart told him that
Getty had "no obligation" to Tibbs because he came
from the union hiring hall.
McHenry said that he did not see the Andersen and
Tibbs applications until some time early in November.
He averred that he was "shocked" to learn that Ander-
sen wanted employment. He did not send either Ander-
sen or Tibbs an application form because of the Compa-
ny's receipt of the telegram from the ROU which, ac-
cording to McHenry, "threatened various legal actions."
Acting on instructions from "higher authority," he
turned everything over to the Company's legal staff.
5. Continued staffing of the vessels
McHenry's alleged complement of "five" radio offi-
cers underwent a reduction almost as soon as it was
completed. Lerro resigned on December 8, and
McHenry had to establish "one more radio officer," ac-
cording to his calculation. He testified that Lerro was re-
placed by Charouleau, whom he had originally planned
to start in January on a vacation cycle. However, this
still would have left one vacancy, even assuming the
Company's figures.
In addition, Fitzgerald failed to update his qualifica-
tions, and McHenry learned this apparently in Decem-
ber. On December 13, the Company received an applica-
tion from Samuel Margolis, and McHenry put him into
Fitzgerald's slot. Margolis began work in January 1983.
McHenry asserted that he did not consider Andersen or
Tibbs for this position, because electronic repairs were
needed on the ship, and someone from "ITT" assured
him that Margolis was qualified. Of course, since
McHenry had no application forms from Andersen or
Tibbs, he did not know their qualifications.
50
CREST TANKERS
In December, McHenry learned about Bruce Bran-
nick, a radio officer, from John Collins. McHenry con-
tacted Brannick, and received a resume. At the hearing
on June 8, 1983, McHenry testified that Respondent had
hired Brannick "just recently." In addition, according to
McHenry, he asked Anthony DeSalvo, a radio officer,
whether he would be interested in employment in the
event Crest expanded its fleet, and DeSalvo replied af-
firmatively.
C. Factual Analysis
The contradictions in McHenry's testimony about the
hiring of radio officers are apparent from the record. I
do not credit his testimony that he offered Charouleau
employment on October 11, because of his later testimo-
ny that it took place on November 11, and because the
first document evidencing the hiring is McHenry's letter
to Charouleau dated December 6. It is incredible that the
Company would have waited almost 2 months to con-
firm an oral commitment if it needed radio officers as
badly as McHenry asserted that it did. I conclude that
the earliest date that McHenry made a verbal commit-
ment to Charouleau, if at all, was November 11.
The alleged oral commitments to Lerro and Torelli on
October 12 are also suspect, because the language of the
October 22 letters to them appears to contain the first
"firm" offers of employment, rather than confirmations
of prior commitments. It is strange that there is no docu-
ment evidencing Stevenson's employment. Finally,
McHenry flatly contradicts himself on the number of
radio officers to whom he had made oral commitments
prior to October 18.
I conclude that McHenry did indeed plan to hire five
radio officers to crew three ships, but that he had not
hired or made verbal commitments to that number by
October 18. Based in part on these contradictions, I do
not consider McHenry to have been a reliable witness.
Similar contradictions appear in McHenry's version of
his conversation with Andersen on October 18 aboard
the New York Getty. Thus, although he testified that he
told Andersen he had already hired five radio officers,
he informed the Board that he told Andersen the number
was four. McHenry also retracted his assertion that he
told Andersen he had already hired a member of the
ROU.
Andersen, on the other hand, was a believable witness.
I credit his version of the October 18 conversation, and
find that McHenry then told him that he could not talk
to him about a job because he was in the ROU, that
Crest did not want any national union in the Company,
and would scrap the ships if this happened, just as it did
with the Little Apex. As noted above, the Little Apex was
scrapped by a company which had the same officers as
Respondent. This fact adds verisimilitude to Andersen's
otherwise credible testimony.
McHenry said that Andersen asked, "What's my
chances of getting a job with Crest Tankers?" However,
Andersen's version is less precise, and his other testimo-
ny clearly shows that he had not made a firm decision to
apply for employment on October 18. I conclude that he
made general inquiries about such employment on Octo-
ber 18, but did not make an oral application at that time.
Tibbs was a more believable witness than McHenry,
and I credit his testimony that he did have a conversa-
tion with the fleet manager aboard the Delaware Getty.
I have carefully considered Roane's testimony, but it is
insufficient to rebut Tibbs, because of Roane's absences
from the hallway, and his admission that Tibbs could
have talked to McHenry.
Since Tibbs did ask McHenry about "the possibility of
being hired," I conclude that he made an oral application
for employment on October 19. McHenry replied that
they were not hiring anybody affiliated with the ROU,
but that Tibbs could make application in a nonunion ca-
pacity. Tibbs declined to do so. After talking with Penot,
he submitted a written application which was received
October 25.
I credit Andersen's rather than Penot's version of An-
dersen's written application. Since the latter was re-
ceived by Crest on November 2, it is more likely that it
was signed and mailed on October 28-according to An-
dersen-rather than on November I-according to
Penot. The latter had imperfect recall about the matter,
and was mistaken. I conclude that he had mailed a copy
of this letter for Tibbs-prepared on October 21-to the
national office, and that Zotkowski use this draft as the
letter for Andersen. I see nothing improbable in Zot-
kowski's taking the time to drive New Haven on a
matter as important as this to the ROU. In any event,
Andersen's written application was received by Re-
spondent on November 2. On that date McHenry had
not yet filled his complement of five radio officers.
Nonetheless, Crest failed to hire Andersen or Tibbs.
Respondent's reassignment of Charouleau in Decem-
ber-on Lerro's resignation-its hiring of Margolis after
Fitzgerald's disqualification, and the other subsequent
hirings show clearly that Crest failed to hire Andersen
and Tibbs at times when it needed radio officers, after
they had submitted requests for employment. I reject
McHenry's asserted reason for selecting Margolis rather
than Andersen or Tibbs, since McHenry had not sent the
latter application forms, had no way of knowing their
qualifications, and was not a believable witness.
Respondent's arguments based on its alleged deference
to Getty are not based on credible evidence. The posi-
tion which it attributes to Getty concerning Tibbs is con-
tradictory. If Getty was allowing Crest to hire only
those employees whom it was dismissing, then why
would it have objected to the hiring of Tibbs, who was
only a "temporary" employee for a "limited time," to
whom Getty owed "no obligation?" Why would Kevin
Smart have told McHenry that Tibbs was "not avail-
able" to Crest-as McHenry asserts that he did-if Getty
had no interest in Tibbs? The whole Getty rationale of-
fered by McHenry is suspect because of the absence of
Tibbs' name from the hiring list, the inconsistencies in
Smart's position as asserted by McHenry, and Respond-
ent's failure to call Smart as a witness.
As for Andersen, he did work for Getty after the sale
of the New York Getty. According to Penot, the fact
that all the Getty ships were for sale was common
knowledge in the fall of 1982. They had all been sold by
April 1983, and Andersen was no longer working for
51
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Getty. The date of Brannick's hiring is not entirely clear
from the record-McHenry testified on June 8, 1983,
that it had taken place "just recently." I infer that Re-
spondent hired Brannick about the time that Andersen's
employment with Getty terminated, or thereafter, and at
a time when Respondent continued to fail to respond to
Andersen's employment application.
D. Legal Analysis
The credited evidence thus establishes that McHenry
asked Andersen whether he was a member of the ROU.
This constitutes unlawful interrogation under current
Board law. When Andersen replied affirmatively,
McHenry said that he could not discuss employment
with him because of Crest's opposition to "national
unions," and Andersen's membership in the ROU. This
statement also was violative of Section 8(a)(1).
McHenry's statement that Respondent would scrap the
vessels if its employees were represented by national
unions was clearly coercive under established law. Final-
ly, McHenry's statement to Tibbs, that the Company
would not be hiring any union personnel, was also viola-
tive of the Act.
McHenry's statements evidence Respondent's animus
against the Radio Officers' Union as a "national union,"
and tend to show that membership of Andersen and
Tibbs in the Union was a motivating factor in Respond-
ent's refusal to hire them. McHenry needed radio officers
badly, but did not call the ROU hiring hall. He was
working for a company with a "different philosophy."
When Tibbs made an oral application for employment on
October 19, McHenry said that he could only apply in a
nonunion capacity. Subsequently, when the written ap-
plications from both Tibbs and Andersen were received,
McHenry did not even bother to respond, because he
considered ROU's request for recognition and bargaining
to be a "threatening" communication. Instead of sending
employment application forms to Andersen and Tibbs,
McHenry turned the matter over to Respondent's legal
staff, pursuant to "higher authority."
Respondent argues that its employment of Charouleau
shows that it was not against the ROU, and that Ander-
sen's and Tibbs' membership had no bearing on its refus-
al to hire them. This argument rests on factual assump-
tions of questionable validity. The only evidence that
Charouleau was a member of the ROU consists of
McHenry's testimony about statements supposedly made
to him by Charouleau's wife concerning her husband's
employment by Delta, and McHenry's alleged knowl-
edge of the union status of Delta employees from read-
ing a shipping publication. The only document in evi-
dence, however-Charouleau's employment applica-
tion-does not list Delta as one of his prior employers.
This fact casts doubt on the testimony of McHenry, an
unreliable witness at best. Further, it is not clear that
McHenry had any conversation whatever with Charou-
leau until after the time that the fleet manager had failed
to hire Andersen and Tibbs. Even if Respondent did hire
Charouleau knowing that he was a member of the ROU,
this fact is undercut by McHenry's statements to Ander-
sen, including the interrogation about the latter's union
status, plus McHenry's statement to Tibbs that Respond-
ent was not hiring union personnel. Wyman-Gordon Ca
v. NLRB, 654 F.2d 134 (lst Cir. 1981), enfg. as modified
252 NLRB 1206 (1980). I therefore conclude that the
General Counsel has established a strong prima facie
case.
The next issue concerns the employer's burden of
proof once the General Counsel has established a prima
facie case of a discriminatory refusal to hire. In the in-
stance of a prima facie case of a discriminatory dis-
charge, the employer's burden is to establish that the em-
ployee would have been fired, for permissible reasons,
even if he had not been engaged in protected activities.
NLRB v. Transportation Management Corp., 103 S.Ct.
2469 (1983); Wright Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd.
662 F.2d 899 (lst Cir. 1981), cert. denied 455 U.S. 989
(1982). Where the General Counsel's prima facie case es-
tablishes a discriminatory refusal to hire, the employer's
burden is to establish that its failure to hire the applicant
was for reasons apart from the protected activities which
support the prima facie case. C & R Coal Co., 266
NLRB 208, 215 (1983).
I conclude that Respondent has not met this burden.
Its principal argument-that it failed to hire Andersen or
Tibbs because it had already hired a full complement of
radio officers-is not supported by credible evidence.
Respondent's professed policy of honoring Getty's as-
serted request-that Respondent fail to employ Getty's
permanent officers-is obviously pretextual as regards
Tibbs, since he was not a permanent officer, and did not
work for Getty after the Delaware Getty was sold on
November 1.
Although Andersen was a "permanent" Getty officer,
the Getty ships were up for sale in the fall of 1982, a fact
which was commonly known, and had been sold by
April 1983. Andersen's employment by Getty ended at
that time. Nonetheless, Respondent hired another radio
officer about that time or thereafter, and failed to re-
spond to Andersen's employment application. I conclude
that it was the strength of Respondent's animus against
the ROU, rather than courtesy to Getty, which caused it
to refuse to hire Andersen. There is no valid reason why
Respondent's alleged deference to Getty should have
continued after Andersen was no longer employed by
Getty.
Since Respondent's asserted reasons for its failure to
hire Andersen and Tibbs are invalid, it has not rebutted
the General Counsel's prima facie case. Accordingly, I
find that Respondent refused to employ Andersen and
Tibbs because of their membership in the Radio Officers
Union, in violation of Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act.5
Tibbs made an oral application for employment on Oc-
tober 19, 1982. McHenry's statement that he could apply
in a nonunion capacity constituted a denial of the appli-
cation. This was followed by a written application re-
ceived October 25. However, Respondent was only
making oral commitments to hire as of November 1,
when it acquired the ships from Getty. Accordingly, on
October 19 it committed an unlawful refusal to hire
s Phelps Dodge Corp. v. NLRB, 313 U.S. 177 (1941); Wyman-Gordon
Co., supra; C & R Coal Co., supra.
52
CREST TANKERS
Tibbs to be effective November 1, 1982. With respect to
Andersen, Respondent's unlawful refusal to hire took
place on November 2, 1982, when it received his written
application.
In accordance with my findings above and the entire
record, I make the following
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Crest Tankers, Inc. is an employer engaged in com-
merce within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of
the Act.
2. Radio Officers Union, District No. 3, NMEBA,
AFL-CIO, is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. By engaging in the following conduct, Respondent
committed unfair labor practices in violation of Section
8(aXI) of the Act:
(a) Asking an applicant for employment whether he
was a member of the Union.
(b) Telling an applicant for employment that employ-
ment could not be discussed with him because he was a
member of the Union.
(c) Telling an applicant for employment that Respond-
ent would scrap its vessesl if its employees were repre-
sented by a national union.
(d) Telling an applicant for employment that Respond-
ent would not be hiring any union personnel.
4. By refusing to employ John W. Tibbs as a radio of-
ficer effective November 1, 1982, and by refusing to
employ Frederick G. Andersen as a radio officer on No-
vember 2, 1982, because of their membership in the
Radio Officers Union, Respondent thereby violated Sec-
tion 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act.
5. The foregoing unfair labor practices affect com-
merce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the
Act.
THE REMEDY
It having been found that Respondent has engaged in
certain unfair labor practices, it is recommended that it
be ordered to cease and desist therefrom and to take cer-
tain affirmative actions designed to effectuate the pur-
poses of the Act.
It having been found that Respondent discriminatorily
refused to hire as radio officers John W. Tibbs effective
November 1, 1982, and Frederick G. Andersen on No-
vember 2, 1982, it is recommended that Respondent be
ordered to offer each of them an immediate position as
radio officer aboard one of its ships, or, if no such job is
available a substantially equivalent job, discharging if
necessary any employee hired to fill said position, and to
make each of them whole for any loss of earnings he
may have suffered by reason of Respondent's unlawful
refusal to hire him, by paying him a sum of money equal
to the amount he would have earned from the date of
Respondent's unlawful refusal to hire him to the date of
an offer of employment, less net earnings during such
period, with interest thereon to be computed on a quar-
terly basis in the manner established by the Board in F.
W. Woolworth Co., 90 NLRB 289 (1950), and Florida
Steel Corp., 231 NLRB 651 (1977).6
I shall also recommend that Respondent be required to
post appropriate notices.
On the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of
law and on the entire record, I recommend the follow-
ing7
ORDER
The Respondent, Crest Tankers, Inc., Clayton, Missou-
ri, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Refusing to hire or otherwise discriminating against
applicants for employment because of their membership
in or activities on behalf of Radio Officers Union District
No. 3, NMEBA, AFL-CIO, or any other labor organiza-
tion.
(b) Asking applicants for employment whether they
are members of the Radio Officers Union, or any other
labor organization.
(c) Telling applicants for employment that employ-
ment cannot be discussed with them, or that they cannot
be employed, because they are members of a union.
(d) Telling applicants for employment that Respondent
will scrap its ships if its employees become represented
by national unions.
(e) Telling applicants for employment that Respondent
will not hire any union employees.
(f) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of their
rights under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations
Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action designed to ef-
fectuate the purposes and policies of the Act.
(a) Offer John W. Tibbs and Frederick G. Andersen
immediate positions as radio officers aboard its ships or,
if such positions do not exist, substantially equivalent po-
sitions, discharging if necessary any employees hired in
their stead on or after November 1, 1982, in the case of
Tibbs, and November 2, 1982, in the case of Andersen,
and make them whole for any loss of earnings either of
them may have suffered by reason of Respondent's dis-
crimination against him, in the manner described in the
section of this decision entitled "The Remedy."
(b) Preserve and, on request, make available to the
Board or its agents for examination and copying, all pay-
roll records, social security payment records, timecards,
personnel records and reports, and all other records nec-
essary to analyze the amount of backpay due under the
terms of this Order.
(c) Post at its facilities at Clayton, Missouri, and
aboard each of its ships, copies of the attached notice
marked "Appendix."8 Copies of the notice, on forms
s See generally Isis Plumbing Co., 138 NLRB 716 (1962).
7 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board's
Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur-
poses.
s If this Order is enforced by a Judgment of a United States Court of
Appeals, the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the Na-.
Continued
53
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
provided by the Regional Director for Region 15, after
being signed by the Respondent's authorized representa-
tive, shall be posted by the Respondent immediately
upon receipt and maintained for 60 consecutive days in
conspicuous places including all places where notices to
employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall
be taken by Respondent to ensure that the notices are
not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material.
(d) Notify the Regional Director in writing within 20
days from the date of this Order what steps the Re-
spondent has taken to comply.
tional Labor Relations Board" shall read "Posted Pursuant to a Judgment
of the United Statea Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the Nation-
al Labor Relations Board."
APPENDIX
NOTICE To EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OP THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we
violated the National Labor Relations Act and has or-
dered us to post and abide by this notice.
WE WILL NOT ask applicants for employment whether
they are members of the Radio Officers Union, District
No. 3, NMEBA, AFL-CIO, or any other labor organiza-
tion.
WE WILL NOT tell applicants for employment that em-
ployment will not be discussed with them, or that they
will not be employed, because they are members of the
Union or any other labor organization.
WE WILL NOT tell applicants for employment that we
will scrap our ships if our employees become represented
by national unions.
WE WILL NOT tell applicants for employment that we
will not hire any union personnel.
WE WILL NOT refuse to hire or otherwise discriminate
against applicants for employment because of their mem-
bership in or activities on behalf of the Union or any
other labor organization.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of
their rights under Section 7 of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act.
WE WILL offer John W. Tibbs and Frederick G. An-
dersen immediate positions as radio officers aboard our
ships or, if any such positions do not exist, substantially
equivalent positions, discharging if necessary any em-
ployees hired in their stead, and WE WILL make them
whole, with interest, because of our unlawful refusal to
hire them.
CREST TANKERS, INC.
54