Carpenters Local 1570Download PDFNational Labor Relations Board - Board DecisionsMar 30, 1971189 N.L.R.B. 450 (N.L.R.B. 1971) Copy Citation 450 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD Yuba, Sutter & Colusa Counties Building & Construc- tion Trades Council , AFL-CIO; Carpenters Union Local 1570 , United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, AFL-CIO and James N. Wilson . Case 20-CP-357 March 30, 1971 DECISION AND ORDER BY MEMBERS FANNING, JENKINS, AND KENNEDY On December 4, 1970, Trial Examiner Maurice Alexandre issued his Decision in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that Respondents had engaged in and were engaging in certain unfair labor practices and recommending that they cease and desist there- from and take certain affirmative action, as set forth in the attached Trail Examiner's Decision. Thereafter, Respondents filed exceptions to the Trial Examiner's Decision with a brief in support thereof and the General Counsel filed cross-exceptions together with a brief. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Relations Board has delegated its powers in connection with this case to a three-member panel. The Board has reviewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner made at the hearing and finds that no prejudicial error was committed. The Rulings are hereby affirmed. The Board has considered the Trial Examiner's Decision, the exceptions, cross-excep- tions, and briefs, and the entire record in this case, and hereby adopts the findings,' conclusions, and recommendations 2 of the Trial Examiner. ORDER Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Relations Board hereby orders that Yuba, Sutter & Colusa Counties Building & Construction Trades Council, AFL-CIO, and Carpenters Union Local 1570, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, AFL-CIO, their officers, agents, and representatives , shall: 1. Cease and desist from picketing or causing to be picketed James N. Wilson d/b/a Cortez Construc- tion, at any jobsite, where an object thereof is to force or require him to recognize or bargain with Respon- dents as the bargaining representative of his employ- ees in circumstances violative of Section 8(b)(7)(C) of the Act. 2. Take the following affirmative action designed to effectuate the policies of the Act: (a) Post at their business offices and meeting halls copies of the attached notice marked "Appendix." 3 Copies of said notice, on forms porvided by the Regional Director for Region 20, after being duly signed by he Respondents' authorized representa- tives, shall be posted by Respondents immediately upon receipt thereof, and be maintained by them for 60 consecutive days thereafter, in conspicuous places, including all places where notices to members are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by Respondents to insure that said notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material. (b) Deliver signed copies of said notice to the Regional Director for Region 20 for posting by James N. Wilson d/b/a Cortez Construction, if willing, at locations where notices to employees are customarily posted. (c) Notify the Regional Director for Region 20, in writing, within 20 days from the date of this Order, what steps have been taken to comply herewith. I We find merit in the General Counsel 's exception to the Trial Examiner's failure to set forth the specific commerce data which serves as the basis for the Board 's assertion of jurisdiction over this controversy Therefore, based upon a stipulation of the parties, we find that during the past year the Charging Party, James N Wilson d/b/a Cortez Construction, purchased supplied valued in excess of 50,000 from suppliers located directly outside the State of California or from suppliers who received those supplies directly from suppliers located outside the State of California On the basis of the foregoing, we further find that James N Wilson d/b/a Cortez Construction is an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act, and that it will effectuate the purposes of the Act to assert jurisdiction herein 2 Since both Respondents have been found to be equally responsible for the unlawful picketing in violation of Section 8(b)(7)(C) of the Act, we shall, pursuant to the General Counsel's request, amend the Trial Examiner's recommended Order and notice to require the same remedial action of both Respondents Also, as requested by the General Counsel, we shall add to our Order the usual provision requiring that copies of our notice be made available to the Employer for posting. 3 In the event that this Order is enforced by a Judgment of a United States Court of Appeals, the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the National Labor Relations Board" shall be changed to read "Posted Pursuant to a Judgmen of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the National Labor Relations Board " APPENDIX NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS POSTED BY ORDER OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD An Agency of the United States Government WE WILL NOT picket or cause to be picketed James N. Wilson d/b/a Cortez Construction at any jobsite , where an object thereof is to force or require James N. Wilson to recognize or bargain with us as the bargaining representative of his employees in circumstances violative of Section 8(b)(7)(C) of the Act. 189 NLRB No. 70 CARPENTERS LOCAL 1570 CARPENTERS UNION LOCAL 1570, UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, AFL-CIO (Labor Organization) Dated By (Representative ) (Title) YUBA, SUTTER & COLUSA COUNTIES BUILDING Dated By (Representative) (Title) This is an official notice and must not be defaced by anyone. This notice must remain posted for 60 consecutive days from the date of posting and must not be altered, defaced, or covered by any other material. Any questions concerning this notice or compliance with its provisions may be directed to the Board's Office, 13050 Federal Building, 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36047, San Francisco, California 94102, Telephone 415-556-3197. TRIAL EXAMINER'S DECISION MAURICE ALEXANDRE, Trial Examiner' This case was heard in Yuba City, California, on September 15, 1970, on a complaint issued on June 23, 1970,1 alleging that Respon- dents had violated Section 8(b) (7)(C) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended. In their point answer, Respondents denied the commission of the alleged unfair labor practice. The principal question presented is whether or not the picketing in this case had an unlawful object. Upon the entire record, my observation of the witnesses, and the briefs filed by the parties, I make the following: FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS2 1. THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES A. Background Wilson, doing business as Cortez Construction, is engaged in business as a general contractor in the building and construction industry in Yuba City, California, where he constructs single-family and multi-family residences. During 1970, he was engaged in the construction of a Based on a charge filed on May 26, 1970 by James N. Wilson z No issue of commerce is presented The complaint alleged and the parties stipulated to facts which, I find, establish that James N Wilson, doing business under the trade name and style of Cortez Construction, is an employer engaged in operations affecting commerce within the meaning of the Act I further find that Respondents are labor organizations within the meaning of the Act All dates referred to hereafter relate to 1970 unless otherwise stated Respondents' answer admits that Douthat acted as agent and on 451 50-unit apartment building at a project known as Colonial Gardens. On April 28, 1970,3 Local 1570 began picketing the project. The picket signs carved by the pickets read as follows: PICKET JAMES N. WILSON Employs Carpenters at Wages and Conditions Below STANDARDS as Established by Carpenters Local 1570 The picketing continued intermittently until July 6, when a temporary injunction was issued. At the hearing, Respon- dents conceded that picketing took place on more than 30 working days, and that they did not file a petition for representation during the period between the commence- ment and termination of the picketing. There is no evidence or claim that Respondents were the certified representatives of Wilson's project employees. B. The Evidence 1. Wilson's testimony Wilson testified as follows. In late March or early April, before the picketing began, he had a series of conversations with McNew, the business representative of Respondent Local 1570, and Douthat, the president of Respondent Council with which Local 1570 is affiliated? At the time of the first conversation, which took place in his office, he had a total of five project employees in two categories: carpenters and laborers. McNew told him he would have to sign a contract with the Carpenters Union. During the conversation, Wilson stated that he was paying his men the prevailing wage plus fringe benefits.5 McNew stated that the men would be better off if the fringe benefits were paid into the Union fund, since they would then receive health, welfare, and unemployment benefits, and that such payment to the fund would not cost him anything since he was already paying union wages. Wilson replied that he did not wish to sign a contract. When the picketing began on April 28, he talked to Douthat on the telephone on several occasions. He pointed out that employees of unionized subcontractors were being hurt because they could not cross the picket line, and asked what he could do to get the behalf of both Respondents at all matenal times 5 Wilson testified that the project was financed by a loan guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration, that he was paying his carpenters $752-1/2 an hour, and that this rate was based on a wage schedule received from the Secretary of Labor setting forth the wage rate payable under the Davis-Bacon Act in the Yuba City area He admitted, however, that the schedule showed on its face that its expiration date was April 1, 1970 452 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD pickets removed. Douthat replied that he could sign a contract. On Monday, May 11, he meth with Douthat, McNew, Max Cummings (a representative of the Teamsters Union), and unidentified members of other unions affiliated with the Council, e.g. the Painters Union, the Laborers Union, and the Sheetmetal Workers Umon.7 The meeting was conducted by Douthat. Wilson stated that he could not sign a contract at that time, asked what he could do to have the pickets removed, and stated that he had no objections to having an election. McNew and others stated that they thought the reason for the meeting was that Wilson planned to sign a contract. McNew further stated that he had removed the pickets with that understanding, and that he now realized that Wilson had employed a ruse in order "to get his blocks laid." 8 No written contract was ever shown or tendered to Wilson for signature .9 2. Watts' testimony Watts testified as follows. She is Wilson's personal secretary. After Wilson was first contacted by McNew and Douthat, she read a book dealing with labor relations, and then explained to Wilson that picketing to compel execution of a contract was unlawful. Prior to the May 11 meeting, she was informed by Wilson that he had consulted an attorney. She was present at the May 11 meeting, took shorthand notes of what was said at the meeting, but recalled what was said McNew said that he thought the purpose of the meeting was to have Wilson "sign" but did not disclose what was to be signed. Wilson inquired about the Union pension fund and McNew attempted to explain it to him, but he was cut off by someone at the meeting, who stated that "it was beside the point" and that it was sufficient that Wilson was aware of the fund. Wilson asked what the Union could do for him. McNew replied that unionized contractors could borrow pension fund money if they needed it. Cummings did considerable talking. Among other things, he stated that: it was not profitable to stay in business unless you were in the union in this area [and] that Jim [Wilson] knew that and that he could remedy it by signing it. Cummings or Douthat stated to Wilson: You've done a lot of talking, you realize that we cannot backoff and let a nonunion organization operate in our midst. When Wilson replied that 90 percent of the residential buildings in the area were nonunion, Cummings respond- ed: At this stage of the game you cannot build nonunion and make it profitable, others have tried to do so but 6 Wilson testified that at some time prior to the May II meeting, he admitted to McNew or Douthat that he would have to sign a contract "at some time " 7 Wilson testified that he had requested a meeting with "the building trade representative " 8 The picketing had stopped on the Friday before the meeting, i e, May 8 It was resumed following the meeting 9 I do not credit the testimony of Perry, Wilson's superintendent of construction at the project, that when approached by Douthat and McNew in late March or early April the latter stated in effect that he wanted to talk to Perry about signing a contract, that Perry referred them to Wilson, and that Perry then heard McNew make the same statement to Wilson Perry's have not been successful ; why don't you sign the agreement and let them get on with it? 3. Douthat's testimony Douthat testified as follows. In February or March, he received from the Department of Labor a determination of the prevailing wage rates payable to those employed at the project. The determination was dated December 3, 1969, and stated that it expired April 1, 1970. The wage scale shown therein for carpenters was 21 cents below the scale set forth in the master collective-bargaining agreement negotiated by the Carpenters Union for the area, and he so advised an inspector of the Federal Housing Administration. 10 Douthat visited the project a number of times, alone on some occasions and accompanied by McNew on about a half dozen occasions. In early April, he, McNew, and another individual went to see Wilson to ascertain whether or not the latter was paying prevailing wages At that time Wilson employed three carpenters and one laborer, and there were several subcontractors involving other crafts at the project. They told Wilson the purpose of their visit, asked what wage scale he was paying his carpenters, and were told. They informed him of the wage rate in the master contract governing the area, and stated that the prevailing wage posted at his job site was below the contract rate. Wilson replied that he knew that eventually he would have to unionize but that he saw no advantage at that time in "going-paying-or signing the union contract", that he did not feel he was in a position to get involved with the Union, and that he had enough paper work to do "with these government projects." Douthat was present at a second meeting with Wilson before the picketing began on April 28, but gave no testimony respecting the details of that conversation. During a telephone conversation after those meetings, Wilson stated to Douthat that based on information received from carpenters employed on the project relating to McNew and the pension fund, he could not trust McNew and would not deal with him. Douthat never requested Wilson to sign a contract during any of the meetings with him and did not state at the May I I meeting that he thought the purpose of the meeting was for Wilson to sign a contract. 4. McNew's testimony McNew testified as follows. He talked to Wilson on three occasions, once at Wilson's office in the presence of Douthat and Savage, once at that office in the presence of Douthat, and once at the meeting on May 11 held at Wilson's request. At the first meeting, Wilson stated that he was paying his men $7.52-1/2 an hour, including fringe testimony was equivocal, evasive, and conflicting, and it was contradicted in part by that of Wilson is The wage determination showed a basic hourly wage of $6 20-1/2 plus fringe benefits of $1 32, or a total of $7 52-1/2 The contract rate is 21 cents higher it provides for a basic wage rate for carpenters of $6 30-1/2 plus fringe benefits of $1 33 payable by the employer to the Carpenters pension and other funds, making a total of $7 73-1/2 At the hearing, counsel for Respondents pointed out that the contract wage scale of $6 40-1/2 was effective on December 16, 1969, that the scale which had been effective June 16 , 1969, was $6 20-1/2, and that it was probable that the Department of Labor had inadvertently used the latter amount in its wage determina- tion CARPENTERS LOCAL 1570 benefits, and was told that he was paying 21 cents less than the scale negotiated by the Union . At the second meeting, held at Wilson 's request , McNew told Wilson that he was not paying the prevailing Union scale negotiated in the area At one point , McNew testified that Wilson wanted to know what advantage he would receive if his men were unionized , and that McNew replied, "It would be cheaper on you You wouldn 't have to pay all the extra taxes." At another point , McNew testified that Wilson asked about the advantage of paying into the Carpenters trust fund; that McNew replied "he wouldn 't have to pay the taxes, it's cheaper on the taxes and he wouldn ' t have to pay more withholding taxes, he wouldn't have to pay more unem- ployrrient tax"; and that Wilson responded that did not matter since the bookkeeping would make up the difference . McNew was present at the May 11 meeting." He did not say, during that meeting, that he thought the purpose of the meeting was for Wilson to sign a contract, and he never asked Wilson to sign a contract . He withdrew the pickets prior to the meeting because he "thought it would show my good faith , that Mr. Wilson might come off and pay the wages." C. Concluding Findings Section 8(b) of the Act provides , in relevant part , that it shall be an unfair labor practice for a labor organization "or its agents"- (7) To picket any employer where an object thereof is forcing or requiring an employer to recognize or bargain with a labor organization as the representative of his employees , or forcing or requiring the employees of an employer to accept or select such labor organization as their collective bargaining representa- tive, unless such labor organization is currently certified as the representative of such employees. (C) Where such picketing has been conducted without a petition under Section 9(c) being filed within a reasonable period of time not to exceed thirty days from the commencement of such picketing The General Counsel' s principal contention is that the record establishes that an object of the picketing by Respondent Local 1570 was to compel Wilson to recognize that union as the bargaining representative of his employ- ees, that Local 1570 had not been certified as bargaining representative of such employees; and that since Local 1570 engaged in such picketing for more than 30 days without filing a petition for certification the picketing violated Section 8(b)(7)(C). The General Counsel further asserts that Douthat , president of Respondent Council, made it clear to Wilson that the picketing would continue unless and until Wilson signed a contract with Local 1570; that Douthat was admittedly acting as agent of that Local; and hence that Respondent Council must share responsi- bility with Respondent Local 1570 for the unlawful picketing Respondents make no claim that the Council is 453 not responsible for the picketing if it was unlawful. Their sole contention is that the picketing took place only to protect area standards and accordingly was lawful. I find that the picketing was unlawful , and that both Respon- dents are responsible therefor. It is well established that picketing solely to compel an employer to adhere to area standards does not violate Section 8(b)(7)(C). Retail Clerks International Assn., Local 899, etc. (State Mart, Inc ),166 NLRB 818. And the fact that the area standards sought to be protected coincide with a union negotiated wage rate does not brand the picketing as recognitional and hence illegal . Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators & Paperhangers of America Union No. 76 (Gomez Painting and'Decorating Co.), 182 NLRB No. 58. The theory behind these decisions is that although a union normally desires recognition , it also has a legitimate interest in obtaining employer adherence to prevailing area standards in order to prevent such standards from being undermined. For this reason , a union may decide to forego , at least for the time being, its normal objective of obtaining recogni- tion by a particular employer , and confine its immediate goal to preserving the gains it has already achieved by exerting pressure on him to abide by the area standards. In determining whether or not the object behind picketing was the usual or a limited goal, all the facts must be carefully scrutinized. For even where a union asserts that its objective was the protection of area standards , the assertion may be a pretext designed to mask a recognitional objective. Here, an examination of all the facts leads me to find that the picketing had a recognitional object . The record contains conflicting evidence as to whether Respondents told Wilson that signing a contract was the price for removal of the picket line . However , it is unnecessary to resolve the conflict since there is other evidence establish- ing a recognitional object . It is true , as Respondents point out, that the wages and fringe benefits paid by Wilson to the carpenters whom he employed at the project were below those provided in the area master collective-bargaining agreement. But although Respondents undoubtedly were concerned about the fact , the record establishes that they were interested in more than protection of the area agreement . Thus, the evidence shows that at either their first or second meeting as well as dunng the May 11 meeting McNew described to Wilson the advantages of unionization . In my opinion , such conduct constituted an attempt to persuade Wilson to recognize Local 1570. Certainly, it involved a failure by Respondents to disentangle their asserted immediate objective relating to area standards from the normal union goal of obtaining recognition . A union cannot act equivocally , but must make it clear in unmistakable terms that its immediate goal is the limited one of protecting area standards . Where it does equivocate, this is evidence of a recognitional objective Painters Local 272, etc. (Charles R Curtiss), 183 NLRB No. 89. Further evidence of such objective lies in the fact that McNew sought to persuade Wilson that it was more desirable for him to pay the fnnge benefits into the 11 MIcNew testified that he was told that Wilson had called to say that he wan Led to get the representatives down to the trade building to meet " 454 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD Carpenters trust fund than to pay them directly to his employees. There is a dispute as to what McNew said to Wilson during their first or second meeting . According to McNew, he told Wilson that payment of fringe benefits directly to the Carpenters trust fund would benefit Wilson by eliminating certain taxes. According to Wilson, McNew stated that such payment would benefit his employees in the form of health, welfare and unemployment benefits. It is unnecessary to resolve the dispute; for even if McNew's version were accepted, it is apparent that his attempt to have the fringe benefits paid to the Carpenters trust fund is more consonant with an attempt to impose bargaining terms than to protect area standards. Retail Clerks, Local 899, supra, 166 NLRB 818. In their brief, Respondents attempt to make much of the fact that it was Wilson who raised the subject of the benefits of unionization and that having learned that picketing for a contract was unlawful, Wilson deliberately set out to trick Respondents into making a demand for a contract by raising the subject. It is unnecessary to decide whether Wilson sought to entrap Respondents or merely to smoke them out. The issue here turns on Respondents' objective, not Wilson's motive. Regardless of who raised the subject or why, Respondents cannot have it both ways. They cannot discuss the benefits of recognition and at the same time insist that they are interested solely in protecting area standards. In addition to the foregoing, other statements at the May 11 meeting support the view that Respondents had not abandoned recognition as an immediate goal. Again there is a conflict as to what was said. Wilson and Watts testified that McNew stated that he thought the reason for the meeting was for Wilson to sign a contract. Douthat and McNew each denied having made that statement . I credit Wilson and Watts. The latter was a forthright witness, her testimony was in part uncontradicted, and it had the ring of truth. In addition, Wilson had indicated that the possibility of recognizing Respondents was on his mind. Thus, he expressed a realization that he would ultimately have to sign a contract; he inquired about the benefits of unionization; and it was Wilson who requested the May 11 meeting . As a result, whether or not he was seriously considering recognition, it seems likely that Respondents had concluded that Wilson had decided to sign a contract. This conclusion is supported by Wilson's uncontradicted testimony that certain unidentified union representatives present at the meeting stated that they had so concluded. Since there is nothing to show that any of them had talked to Wilson, it is reasonable to infer that they reached their conclusion by talking to McNew or Douthat. Moreover, McNew had admittedly stopped the picketing shortly before the May 11 meeting. According to Wilson, McNew stated at the meeting that he had removed the pickets 12 The evidence does not satisfactorily explain Cummings' presence at the meeting Even assuming that Respondents invited him because they were under the impression that Wilson had asked to meet with representatives of the unions affiliated with the Council, Cummings was undoubtedly interested in having the picketing ended, since respecting the picket line meant a loss of working time 13 In view of this finding, it is unnecessary to decide whether, as the General Counsel contends, the picketing also had an organizational objective. 14 Since Local 1570 engaged in the picketing, it is of course responsible because of his understanding that a contract would be signed. At the hearing, McNew gave a rather lame explanation for his action in halting the picketing-his desire to demonstrate his good faith. It is difficult to understand why McNew should have felt a need to demonstrate good faith unless he went to the meeting with the expectation that Wilson would sign a contract in order to rid himself of the picket line. Finally, it is undisputed that one of those present at the May II meeting told Wilson that a nonunion employer could not be permitted to operate in the area, and urged him to sign the contract. Assuming that the statement was made by Teamster representative Cummings rather than by Douthat, the fact remains that although Respondents did not expressly adopt his remarks, there is nothing to show they disavowed or disassociated themselves from these remarks. Such a failure does not invariably indicate agreement with the remarks. On the other hand, because the determination of a picketing union's objective requires inquiry into mental processes, the potential for masking the true objective through a pretext is great. Accordingly, as already noted, the picketing union should be required to act unequivocally. Having acted equivocally, Respondents' failure to disavow or disassociate themselves from the remarks in question should be regarded as constituting tacit approval thereof and hence as evidence that they were interested in recognition as an immediate goal. A contrary conclusion would permit a union with immediate recogni- tion as its secret goal to use an accomplice as a source of pressure on the employer to sign a contract, and then to claim that its only goal was protection of area standards.12 Respondents contend that it is illogical to conclude that they were seeking a contract from Wilson. If they desired a contract, they argue, they would not have confined themselves to the project carpenters, but would also have attempted to obtain contracts on behalf of the other craft unions at the project which were affiliated with Respondent Council. This contention is without merit. The record establishes that in addition to carpenters, the only other person employed by Wilson at the project consisted of a single laborer. The fact that no request was made for a contract covering a single laborer hardly establishes that Respondents did not desire a contract covering the carpenters. Considering the entire record, I find that an object of the picketing by Local 1570 was forcing or requiring Wilson to recognize or bargain with that union as the bargaining representative of his project employees.13 Since Local 1570 was certified as the representative of such employees, and since it engaged in such picketing for more than 30 days without filing a petition for certification, I further find that Respondents violated Section 8(b)(7)(C) of the Act.14 therefor In addition, I find that Respondent Council is also chargeable with the unlawful picketing The Council's president , Douthat , was present when McNew talked to Wilson, he visited the project alone, he discussed the picketing with Wilson on the telephone , he presided at the May 11 meeting , he admitted at the hearing that he attended the meetings with Wilson because he "was trying to get the problem resolved." and he never indicated in any manner that the Council did not fully support the objective and conduct of Local 1570 In view of these circumstances as well as Respondents' admission that Douthat acted as their agent and on their behalf at all material times, I find that the efforts of Local 1570 and the CARPENTERS LOCAL 1570 455 II. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW A. Wilson is an employer within the meaning of Section 2(2) of the Act and is engaged in operations affecting commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. B. Respondent Local 1570 and Respondent Council are labor organizations within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act. C. By picketing the jobsite of Wilson, as found herein, Respondent Local 1570 engaged in an unfair labor practice within the meaning of Section 8(b)(7)(C) of the Act. D. Since Respondent Council is equally responsible with Local 1570 for the picketing, as found herein, the said Council "were coordinated to compel [Wilson] to recognize" Local 1570 at the representative of his employees, and hence that the Council is equally responsible with Local 1570 for the picketing Construction, Shipyard and General Laborers Local 1207, etc (Alfred S Austin Construction Co, Inc), 141 NLRB 283, 286 Council engaged in an unfair labor practice within the meaning of Section 8 (b)(7)(C) of the Act. E. The aforesaid unfair labor practices affect commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. III. THE REMEDY I recommend that Respondents cease and desist from their unfair labor practices and take certain affirmative action designed to effectuate the policies of the Act. Upon the foregoing findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the entire record , and pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act, I hereby issue the following recommended: [Recommended Order omitted from publication.] Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation