Carpenters Health & Welfare Fund

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Dec 8, 1998

327 N.L.R.B. 262 (N.L.R.B. 1998)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 262
Carpenters Health & Welfare Fund and United Food
and Commercial Workers Union Local 1776 a/w
United Food and Commercial Workers Interna-
tional Union, AFL–CIO, CLC. Case 4–CA–
26244
December 8, 1998
DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS FOX, LIEBMAN, AND BRAME
On March 20, 1998, Administrative Law Judge James
L. Rose issued the attached decision. The Respondent
filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and the Acting
General Counsel and the Charging Party each filed an
answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings,1 and conclusions and
to adopt the recommended Order as modified and set
forth in full below.2
The judge found that the Respondent violated Section
8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act based on the following con-
duct. In January 1997,3 Ed Coryell, the Respondent’s
cochairman, promised and granted employee benefits to
discourage union activity. In May, John Kaiser, the
manager of the Respondent’s collection department,
threatened employees with unspecified reprisals because
of their protected wage complaints.4 Finally, on July 3,
David Costello, the Respondent’s coordinator of benefit
funds, discharged employee Tommasina Storino because
she engaged in union activity. We adopt all these find-
ings, but with respect to the promise and grant of benefits
and the Storino discharge, we agree with the judge for
the reasons stated below.
1. Promise and grant of benefits: The Respondent (the
Fund), a multiemployer fringe benefit trust fund created
pursuant to Section 302 of the Act, is jointly adminis-
tered by the Carpenters’ Metropolitan Regional Council
of Philadelphia (the Council) and various employers who
are signatory to collective-bargaining agreements with
the Council. In the fall of 1996, the Charging Party (the
Union or Local 1776) began organizing the Fund’s ad-
ministrative staff employees. During the organizing
campaign, the employees wanted to meet with Cochair-
man Coryell to see if certain grievances could be worked
out with the Fund.

1 The Respondent has implicitly excepted to some of the judge’s
credibility findings. The Board’s established policy is not to overrule
an administrative law judge’s credibility resolutions unless the clear
preponderance of all the relevant evidence convinces us that they are
incorrect. Standard Dry Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd.
188 F.2d 362 (3d Cir. 1951). We have carefully examined the record
and find no basis for reversing the findings.
2 We shall modify the judge’s recommended Order to more accu-
rately reflect the violations that he found and in accordance with our
decisions in Indian Hills Care Center, 321 NLRB 144 (1996), and
Excel Container, Inc., 325 NLRB 17 (1997).
3 All dates are in 1997 unless otherwise indicated.
4 The parties stipulated to the supervisory status of Kaiser.
On January 8, Coryell met with the employees at their
request. None of the Fund’s other supervisors or manag-
ers attended this meeting which was held in a downstairs
conference room of the Fund’s building and lasted about
an hour.5 Tommasina Storino testified6 that the meeting
began when

Mr. Coryell walked in and he said that he was
surprised to find out what the meeting was about.
He said he assumed that since [Veronica McLaren,
the Fund’s coordinator of benefits] was retiring that
we wanted to talk to him about giving her a party.
So he was surprised to find out that that wasn’t the
case and we had other things to talk to him about.

. . . .

So I opened up by saying that we were, we had
contacted Local 1776. The girls had signed pledge
cards. We were dissatisfied with our salaries. We
weren’t making a standard living like—Nobody
could live on what we were making and we were
dissatisfied. We didn’t expect the same raises that
management received, but, we just wanted an in-
crease. And we told, we explained to him about our
parking. That we were upset about the parking
privileges being taken away and the retirement.

. . . .

I explained that when we were hired we were un-
der the assumption that after ten years of service at
age 55, you would retire with full benefits. That no
longer applied. He took that—That was changed
and he said there was nothing he could [do] about
that because it involved too many people. We went
on at length about that because that was an important
issue.

Storino testified that in response to her information
about contacting the Union,

[Coryell] said he was very upset about it, that it wasn’t
necessary. That we could work things out in-house and
that’s what he wanted to do. If we chose not to do that,
then there was no point in him talking to us. But, he
would rather work things out in-house.
So we had a long meeting then and he said that
he wasn’t aware that we were so unhappy with our
salaries. Had no idea what we were making, what
our salaries were. The parking he said could be
worked out. So could we make a list of the things
5 The judge mistakenly found that Costello was present for this
meeting.
6 The judge credited Storino’s uncontroverted account of the January
meetings with Coryell. Coryell did not testify at the hearing.
327 NLRB No. 39
CARPENTERS HEALTH & WELFARE FUND 263
that we wanted and give it to him. Give him time to
respond to it. He said he wouldn’t take very long
and he would get back to us. So we agreed that we
[would] do that.

According to Storino, the meeting ended with Coryell
telling the employees

to take as long as we needed to discuss what we wanted
to do. Whether we wanted to continue with 1776 or
stay in-house. If we decided to stay in-house to give
him a list of the things that we wanted. And he offered
the conference room. He said that we could stay in the
conference room as long as we needed.

After Coryell left the meeting, the employees stayed to
discuss Coryell’s options. Following Coryell’s instruc-
tions, they made a written list of their complaints.
Among the items listed were the employees’ dissatisfac-
tion with the recent small increase in their wages and the
unfavorable recent changes in their parking and retire-
ment benefits. Storino gave the list, which included her
name and was dated January 8, to Coryell’s secretary
who later submitted it to him.
In late January, Coryell called a general meeting for
employees, supervisors, and managers to discuss the em-
ployees’ January 8 list of grievances. The meeting lasted
about a half hour. Storino testified:

Mr. Coryell said that he looked at our list and
that most of our demands were answered. He said
that he had gone to the parking lot across the street
that all employees, current employees could use,
Health and Welfare. He said that [David Costello
who succeeded McLaren as the Fund’s coordinator
of benefits] was getting his booklets together. We
had asked for pension booklets and Health and Wel-
fare booklets that we did not have in our possession
at that time. But, we wanted to see what our pension
plan was and David was taking care of that. He said
that he had reinstated the pension and David would
speak to the people who were involved.

. . . .

He increased our annuity. He gave us an in-
crease in our annuity. It wasn’t exactly what we had
asked for, but, there was a twenty-five cent an hour
increase in the annuity and to be patient with the
raises. That in May everyone would get a substan-
tial raise so just give him until May and he would
take care of that. The meeting ended.

The judge concluded that Coryell unlawfully promised
and granted benefits to employees in violation of Section
8(a)(1) of the Act. In challenging this conclusion, the
Fund argues that Coryell’s January conduct was consis-
tent with the Fund’s past practices and open-door policy.
However, the Fund provided no example of any similar
general meeting held for all employees conducted by
Coryell or the Fund in past years before the onset of the
Union’s organizing campaign.7 Instead, the Fund fo-
cused on evidence of less formal situations where an
employee may have individually spoken to a supervisor
about a job-related problem. But, even assuming some
similarity between these informal, one-on-one discus-
sions and the January group meetings, Coryell did much
more than merely listen and receive employee complaints
at the January meetings. He specifically conditioned his
receipt of their complaints on the abandonment of their
union interest, and then he promised and gave better
benefits for their “stay[ing] in-house.”
The credited evidence shows that Coryell presented the
employees with a choice between their union support and
a quick, favorable resolution of their grievances by the
Fund. Coryell told the assembled employees that he was
“very upset” about their union activity; the Union
“wasn’t necessary;” and he could “work things out in-
house and that’s what he wanted to do.” He then in-
formed the employees “there was no point in him talking
to [them]” if they wanted the Union. He emphasized that
if they decided to “stay in-house” favorable results on
their complaints would follow. He insisted that the em-
ployees must first decide if they wanted to continue with
the Union before giving him a written list of their com-
plaints. He then offered company space and unlimited
worktime for the employees to decide right away
“whether [they] wanted to continue with 1776 or stay in-
house.”
The employees followed Coryell’s instructions. After
receiving and reviewing the January 8 grievance list from
the employees, Coryell convened the late January meet-
ing formally to announce the following good news ema-
nating from their “stay[ing] in-house.” Coryell had “an-
swered” most of the employees’ complaints; improved
their parking privileges; restored retirement benefits to
some employees; and promised substantial increases in
the scheduled May raises for the employees. Therefore,
we find that Coryell’s promise and grant of benefits in
late January constituted an unlawful interference with the
employees’ Section 7 rights.8

7 Cf. Williams Litho Service, 260 NLRB 773, 787 (1982) (employer
had a past practice of conducting periodic monthly employee meetings
to discuss employee problems and solutions). In contrast, see DTR
Industries, 311 NLRB 833, 834 (1993), where the Board rejected an
employer’s claim that a communication box and toll-free number insti-
tuted during an organizing campaign “simply represented a past prac-
tice of soliciting employee complaints through group leaders.” These
vehicles, the Board held, represented a new approach to grievances
which, combined with the speedy remedy of several complaints, unlaw-
fully sought to undermine support for the union.”
8 Medo Photo Supply Corp. v. NLRB, 321 U.S. 618, 686 (1944)
(“There could be no more obvious way of interfering with these rights
of employees than by grants of wage increases upon the understanding
that they would leave the union in return. The action of employees
with respect to the choice of their bargaining agents may be induced by
favors bestowed by the employer as well as by his threats or domina-
tion.”); NLRB v. Exchange Parts Co., 375 U.S. 405, 409 (1964).
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 264
2. Storino discharge: Tommasina Storino was em-
ployed by the Fund for approximately 15 years until her
discharge on July 3. The pertinent information relating
to her discharge is, for the most part, described in the
judge’s decision.9 Before her discharge, Storino took a
very active role in the Union’s campaign to organize the
Fund’s administrative staff employees. She initially con-
tacted the Union, arranged union meetings in her home
or at local restaurants, and distributed union surveys to
employees. The Fund was aware of her union support
because she had spoken openly about the Union at the
first January meeting with Coryell. Four months later,
after she and other employees became dissatisfied with
their May raises, she assisted the Union’s renewed orga-
nizing drive.
Meanwhile, on May 8, Costello counseled Storino
about her personal telephone calls at work. She had
never before been reprimanded on this subject. Costello
told her that (1) the Fund’s policy was for employees to
keep such calls to a minimum and (2) incoming personal
calls on the Fund’s 800 telephone number were prohib-
ited. Costello said that she should so advise anyone to
whom she had given the 800 number. Storino promised
to do so.
Costello testified that later that month when he re-
viewed the Company’s May 25 telephone bill he discov-
ered that Storino was accepting 800 number calls from
her son and that other employees might be incorrectly
using the Fund’s 800 number as well. The Fund had
historically permitted the daily long distance calls to
Storino from her critically ill son who lived in New
York. In fact, the Fund had always treated her son’s
calls as an emergency or an exception to the Company’s
telephone policy. Costello admittedly knew about her
son’s illness and the regular calls to Storino, but he never
specified that the Fund had decided to change its practice
and would prohibit her son’s calls commencing May 8.
He never personally confronted Storino or, for that mat-
ter, any other employees with questionable telephone
habits about the May 25 bill. Instead, he issued a written
memorandum addressed to all employees and dated June
4 regarding the Company’s policy on personal telephone
calls at work.10

9 Our factual summary of the pertinent facts and events concerning
Storino is based on the judge’s decision with one exception. In sec.
III,A, pars. 10 and 11 of his decision, the judge incorrectly implied that
a private conversation between Michael Dooley and Costello occurred
after Costello met with Storino in his office on June 26. The record
shows that the Dooley conversation happened first.
10 The memo stated, in pertinent part:
It is the policy of the Fund Office that incoming and outgoing
personal telephone calls be limited to emergency situations. In
order for the Fund Office to operate efficiently it is mandatory
that all employees follow this policy.
Use of the 800 number for personal incoming long-distance calls
must be strictly prohibited. No employee should be giving out
this number to receive personal long-distance calls. Use of the
800 number must be restricted to the membership and business.
Thereafter, on June 26, Costello informed Michael
Dooley, a Fund trustee, that he was thinking about dis-
charging Storino because of her son’s calls. Dooley, a
mutual friend of both Storino and Costello, accused
Costello of engaging in union discrimination. After lis-
tening to Costello’s explanation for disciplining Storino,
Dooley was so convinced about Costello’s discrimina-
tory motive that he promised if any “drastic action” was
taken against Storino that he would help her sue the
Fund.
Later that same day, Costello met with Storino alone in
his office. Without having the benefit of the June phone
bill, he nonetheless accused her of having ignored his
May 8 warning by allowing her son to use the Fund’s
800 number. Storino said that she never thought that
Costello meant for her to cease taking her son’s calls.
She offered either to pay for her son’s calls or arrange for
the installation of a long distance telephone line at her
son’s residence if Costello would allow the calls to con-
tinue for only a few weeks longer until her son’s in-
tended move to a new apartment was completed. Cos-
tello rejected her offers because he claimed that her time
away from work, and not the cost of the calls, was the
problem.11
Storino discussed this problem with Costello later that
evening and again the following morning. Costello testi-
fied that on June 27, he mentally decided to discharge
Storino, but he wanted to wait to take any formal action
until he received the Fund’s next telephone bill.12
About a week later on July 2, Wendell Young, the Un-
ion’s president, telephoned Coryell and demanded volun-
tary recognition of the Union by the Fund.13 He also told
Coryell that the Union’s chief contact (referring to
Storino) had been mistreated by the Fund because of her
union activity. Coryell’s response to Young was, “You
do what you have to do.” A short while later, Coryell
summoned Costello to his office and told him about
Young’s call. The next day, after consulting with Cory-
ell and the Fund’s counsel, Costello notified Storino that
she was terminated.14
11 The Fund’s June 25 monthly bill shows 23 calls from Storino’s
son totaling 89.2 minutes at a cost of $23.55. Some of these calls oc-
curred during Storino’s lunchbreak.
12 The June 25 bill was received by Costello on July 2.
13 Young’s testimony about this conversation stands uncontroverted
because Coryell did not testify at the hearing.
14 In Storino’s termination letter dated July 3, Costello states that the
discharge was based on the following reasons:
1. Loss of time through excessive personal telephone calls;
2. Unauthorized use of the Fund’s long-distance telephone sys-
tem;
3. Insubordination by her refusal to obey specific orders from
appropriate Fund officials and by her refusal to terminate the
abuse of the Fund’s telephone system;
4. Refusal to adhere to reasonable Fund rules;
5. Direct disobedience and disrespect to Fund officials; and
6. Lying to the Fund coordinator regarding her usage of the 800
line and about her former manager’s allegedly excessive use
of the line.
CARPENTERS HEALTH & WELFARE FUND 265
Applying the Board’s Wright Line15 causation test, the
judge found that Storino’s union activity was a motivat-
ing factor in the Fund’s decision to terminate her. He
further found that the Fund did not carry its burden of
persuasion in establishing that Storino’s discharge would
have occurred absent her protected union conduct. In its
exceptions, the Fund presents two arguments: first, that
several elements of the General Counsel’s prima facie
case—union activity, knowledge, and animus—are miss-
ing here; and second, that the evidence shows that
Storino would have been discharged in any event regard-
less of her union activity. As explained below, we reject
these arguments.
The Fund claims that it had no direct knowledge of
Storino’s union sympathies because her union activity
was not particularly noteworthy as compared to other
employees’ union activity. The record belies this claim.
As previously described, Storino spearheaded the Un-
ion’s organizing campaign. At least by January 8, her
prounion stance became well known to the Fund. On
that date, Storino notified Coryell that “we,” the employ-
ees, had contacted the Union, signed union authorization
cards, and had complaints about the Fund’s recent
changes in wages and working conditions. Her name
was also prominently displayed on the January 8 griev-
ance list submitted to Coryell. Later on, her union asso-
ciation was again highlighted during Costello’s conversa-
tion with Dooley on June 26 and Coryell’s conversation
with Young on July 2. Finally, on the day before
Storino’s discharge, Coryell spoke to Costello about
Young’s conversation, including the comments about
Storino’s union connection. Thus, there is ample evi-
dence to show that the Fund was aware of Storino’s un-
ion activity and sentiments before her discharge.
The Fund additionally contends that the General Coun-
sel did not offer a scintilla of evidence showing animus
on the part of the Fund toward union activities. In sup-
port of this contention, the Fund points out that (1) there
were no disparaging remarks about the Union attributed
to either Coryell or Costello; (2) the judge, in section
III,B,3, paragraph 2 of his decision, found “no evidence
of animus, and it can be inferred that the Fund managers,
being closely related with the carpenters unions, would
be generally sympathetic to labor;” and (3) the timing of
Storino’s discharge alone does not suggest any anti-
union animus. We find no merit in the Fund’s conten-
tion.

15 251 NLRB 1083, 1089 (1980), enfd. 662 F.2d 899 (1st Cir. 1981),
cert. denied 455 U.S. 989 (1982), approved in NLRB v. Transportation
Management Corp., 462 U.S. 393 (1983). In Office of Workers’ Com-
pensation Programs v. Greenwich Collieries, 512 U.S. 267, 276–278
(1994), the Supreme Court clarified Transportation Management in
noting that, while the ultimate burden of proof remains with the propo-
nent of the violation, the employer shoulders the burden of persuasion
to sustain its affirmative defense. See Manno Electric, 321 NLRB 278
fn. 12 (1996), enfd. per curiam mem. (5th Cir. 1997).
It is well established that an improper employer moti-
vation may be inferred from circumstantial as well as
direct evidence. See, e.g., NLRB v. Buckhorn Hazard
Coal Corp., 472 F.2d 53, 55 (6th Cir. 1973) (per curiam)
(“Since direct evidence of motivation which is not also
self-serving is seldom available, the motivation required
to establish unlawful discrimination may be shown by
less than direct evidence.”). Thus, even if the judge
found no direct evidence of animus, he properly contin-
ued in section III,B,3, paragraph 2 of his decision with an
examination of a variety of factors indicative of animus,
such as the 8(a)(1) violations committed by Coryell; Kai-
ser’s unlawful May threats to employees, including
Storino; and the timing of Storino’s discharge in relation
to Young’s July 2 recognition demand. All these factors
reasonably suggest an antiunion animus. Furthermore, as
discussed by the judge, there are other indicators of ani-
mus: Costello’s discredited inconsistent explanations for
Storino’s discharge and Costello’s disparate investigation
of only the telephone habits of Storino, a vocal union
supporter. Therefore, we find sufficient evidence of
animus.16
Accordingly, we find that the General Counsel has es-
tablished a prima facie case that the Fund discharged
Storino because of her union activity. Storino was an
active union supporter whose union sympathies were
well known to the Fund. The Fund illegally promised
and granted benefits to employees to dissuade them from
supporting the Union and it threatened employees with
unspecified reprisals.
The Fund argues that Costello’s stated reasons for dis-
charging Storino were justified because “her actions
amounted to willful misconduct in disregard of the
Fund’s rules and policies.” However, the judge discred-
ited Costello’s denial of union discrimination. He spe-
cifically found that Costello’s variable explanations for
discharging Storino were inconsistent and did not accu-
rately reflect the Company’s telephone policy set forth in
Costello’s June 4 memorandum to employees. Among
other things, the judge stated that “at times Costello
seemed to take the position that use of the 800 number
was not critical” and “[a]t other times Costello seemed to
focus on the 800 number.” The judge further observed
that Costello testified that total prohibition of personal
use of telephones, including the 800 number, has never
been the Fund’s policy. Yet, the June 4 memorandum
prepared by Costello indicates that the use of the 800
number was prohibited. In any event, prior to May 8 the
Fund had always treated the calls from Storino’s son as
an emergency or an exception to the Company’s tele-
phone policy. The Fund only began to prohibit her son’s
800 number calls and discipline her after she became
16 To the extent that the judge’s decision could be read to indicate
that there was “no evidence of animus,” for the foregoing reasons, we
reject such a finding.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 266
involved in the Union and the Union’s organizing cam-
paign was renewed in May. Other employees also had
questionable telephone habits that were known to
Costello, and Costello did not investigate or take correc-
tive action. Thus, we find that the Fund has failed to
satisfy its Wright Line burden of showing that Tom-
masina Storino would have been discharged notwith-
standing her union activity.17 Accordingly, we affirm the
judge’s conclusion that Storino’s discharge violated Sec-
tion 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act.
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the rec-
ommended Order of the administrative law judge as
modified and set forth in full below and orders that the
Respondent, Carpenters Health & Welfare Fund, Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, its officers, agents, successors,
and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Promising and/or granting benefits to its employ-
ees in order to discourage their union activity.
(b) Threatening its employees with unspecified repri-
sals in order to discourage them from engaging in pro-
tected concerted activity.
(c) Discharging or otherwise discriminating against its
employees because they engage in union or other pro-
tected concerted activity.
(d) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, offer
Tommasina Storino full reinstatement to her former job
or, if that job no longer exists, to a substantially equiva-
lent position, without prejudice to her seniority or any
other rights or privileges previously enjoyed.
(b) Make Tommasina Storino whole for any loss of
earnings and other benefits suffered as a result of the
discrimination against her in the manner set forth in the
remedy section of the decision.
(c) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, re-
move from its files any reference to the unlawful dis-
charge of Tommasina Storino and within 3 days thereaf-

17 See Hospital del Maestro, 323 NLRB 93, 95 (1997) (union activist
unlawfully fired for personal use of computer where she had been given
permission to use the computer for personal matters; it had been a
practice for other employees to do the same, yet she was the only em-
ployee discharged for engaging in such conduct); McDaniel Ford, Inc.,
322 NLRB 956, 962–963 (1997) (no showing that the employer would
have issued a disciplinary warning to the shop steward absent his union
activities); Bryant & Stratton Business Institute, 321 NLRB 1007,
1026–1028 (1996), enfd 140 F.3d 169 (2d Cir. 1998) (the employer
unlawfully disciplined faculty members for ending their class periods
early where discipline had never previously been invoked for that rea-
son); and Thill, Inc., 298 NLRB 669, 670 (1990), enfd. in relevant part
980 F.2d 1137 (7th Cir. 1992) (warnings issued on the basis of conduct
for which no other employee had ever been warned).
ter notify her in writing that this has been done and that
the discharge will not be used against her in any way.
(d) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, make
available to the Board or its agents for examination and
copying, all payroll records, social security payment re-
cords, timecards, personnel records and reports, and all
other records necessary to analyze the amount of back-
pay due under the terms of this Order.
(e) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its Philadelphia, Pennsylvania office, copies of the at-
tached notice marked “Appendix.”18 Copies of the no-
tice, on forms provided by the Regional Director for Re-
gion 4, after being signed by the Respondent’s author-
ized representative, shall be posted by the Respondent
and maintained by it for 60 consecutive days in con-
spicuous places including all places where notices to
employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps
shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure that the no-
tices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other
material. In the event that, during the pendency of these
proceedings, the Respondent has gone out of business or
closed the facility involved in this proceeding, the Re-
spondent shall duplicate and mail, at its own expense, a
copy of the notice to all current employees and former
employees employed by the Respondent at any time
since late January 1997.
(f) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.

APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated the National Labor Relations Act and has ordered us to
post and abide by this notice.

Section 7 of the Act gives employees these rights.

To organize
To form, join, or assist any union
To bargain collectively through representatives
of their own choice
To act together for other mutual aid or protection
To choose not to engage in any of these protected
concerted activities.

18 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading, “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
CARPENTERS HEALTH & WELFARE FUND 267
WE WILL NOT promise and/or grant benefits to our
employees in order to discourage their union activity.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with unspeci-
fied reprisals in order to discourage them from engaging
in protected concerted activity.
WE WILL NOT discharge or otherwise discriminate
against our employees because they engage in union or
other protected concerted activity.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed you by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL, within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
Order, offer Tommasina Storino full reinstatement to her
former job or, if that job no longer exists, to a substan-
tially equivalent position, without prejudice to her senior-
ity or any other rights or privileges previously enjoyed.
WE WILL make Tommasina Storino whole for any
loss of earnings and other benefits resulting from her
discharge, less any net interim earnings, plus interest.
WE WILL, within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
Order, remove from our files any reference to the unlaw-
ful discharge of Tommasina Storino, and WE WILL,
within 3 days thereafter, notify her in writing that this
has been done and that the discharge will not be used
against her in any way.
CARPENTERS HEALTH & WELFARE
FUND

Margaret McGovern, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Stephen J. Holroyd, Esq., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the
Respondent.
James Funk, Esq., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the Charg-
ing Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
JAMES L. ROSE, Administrative Law Judge. This matter
was tried before me at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January
20 and 21, 1998, upon the General Counsel’s complaint which
alleged that the Respondent discharged Tommasina Storino in
violation of Section 8(a)(3) of the National Labor Relations Act
(the Act). It is also alleged that the Respondent committed
certain violations of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
Though admitting the discharge of Storino on July 3, 1997,1
the Respondent generally denied that it committed any viola-
tions of the Act and affirmatively contends the complaint
should be dismissed as being barred by Section 10(b) of the
Act.
On the record2 as a whole, including my observation of the
witnesses, briefs and arguments of counsel, I make the follow-
ing

1 All dates are in 1997, unless otherwise indicated.
2 On reconsideration, I reverse my rejection of the unemployment
compensation decision offered by the Respondent, and I have consid-
ered it in evaluating the evidence here. Cardiovascular Consultants of
Nevada, MI, 323 NLRB 67 fn. 2 (1997).
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
The Respondent (the Fund) is a trust fund engaged in provid-
ing health insurance and other benefits for employees of par-
ticipating employers. In the conduct of this business, the Re-
spondent annually receives contributions from employers in the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in excess of $50,000, which
employers annually purchase and receive goods valued in ex-
cess of $50,000 directly from points outside the Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania. The Respondent admits, and I find
that it is an employer engaged in interstate commerce within
the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local 1776
a/w United Food and Commercial Workers International Un-
ion, AFL–CIO, CLC (the Union) is admitted to be, and I find
is, a labor organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of
the Act.
III. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. The Facts
The Respondent is a typical fringe benefit trust created pur-
suant to the provisions of Section 302 of the Act. While the
Respondent has an equal number of union and employer trus-
tees, the union trustees appear to have more presence in the
Respondent’s daily operation. Thus the Respondent’s offices
are in a building adjoining one in which the various constituent
unions have offices, including the president of the Carpenters
District Council and the Fund’s cochairman Edward Coryell,
and labor trustee Michael Dooley, the business manager for a
local union of the Council. The Respondent’s administrative
staff is headed by David Costello, the coordinator of Benefit
Funds. In addition, the Respondent employees about 22 indi-
viduals who perform a variety of tasks associated with operat-
ing such a fund.
Tommasina Storino worked for the Respondent about 15
years, the last 7 of which were as a full-time employee. In the
fall of 1996 she contacted Edward Chew, the union director of
organizing, and a personal friend, about the prospect of having
the Union represent the Respondent’s employees. Chew then
had a meeting at Storino’s house in mid-October with employ-
ees (including a few office employees of the various carpenters
unions). At a second meeting in November Chew passed out
authorization cards and asked those interested to mail a signed
card to him. He ultimately received 20 cards. Nevertheless,
the employees asked Chew not to pursue seeking representa-
tion, in order for them to see if they could work out their griev-
ances with the Respondent’s management.
This led to a meeting requested by employees with Coryell
and Costello in early January 1997. A number of items were
discussed, including parking, salary increases, and restoring
retirement benefits for 10-year employees. Storino testified
that she opened the meeting by stating that they had contacted
the Union, had signed pledge cards and were dissatisfied with
their salaries, among other things. Coryell asked that they
make a list of things they wanted and he would respond and
they could decide whether “we wanted to continue with 1776 or
stay in-house.” They did write out a memorandum dated Janu-
ary 8 stating their “List of request” and gave it to Coryell.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 268
There was then a second meeting in late January with Cory-
ell, and other management personal including Costello, who at
the time was the assistant coordinator of benefits. Coryell
stated that most of the demands had been answered. For in-
stance, employees would be allowed to use the parking lot
across the street and that their pension plan concerns were be-
ing looked into by Costello. Coryell further said that they
would be receiving substantial raises in May.
According to Storino, when the meeting ended “we were go-
ing to stay in-house and we were pretty satisfied. Or we were
just going to wait until May and see what happened with the
raises.” A few days later, Costello met with employees at
which he was introduced by the then coordinator of benefits as
the new coordinator. Storino testified that Costello “asked us to
give him a chance and not to do anything. That he would take
care of it, take care of things for us and to trust him, and just
work with him.” Storino then contracted Chew and told him
they were waiting until May, that Coryell had answered most of
their issues and they wanted to see what would happen with
their raises.
By letter dated March 6 Costello advised Storino that Coryell
had authorized a plan change such that she would be eligible
for theretofore unavailable health benefits upon retirement. And
in early May, the raises were given, but fell far short of what
the employees expected. Thus, Chew was again contacted and
the employees met with him in late May.
On May 8 Costello observed Storino making what appeared
to be a personal telephone call. When confronted, she admitted
to making and taking personal calls. Costello told her that the
Respondent’s policy was to keep such calls to a minimum. He
further told her that use of the Respondent’s 800 number for
personal incoming calls was prohibited and she should so ad-
vise anyone to whom she had given the number.
Costello testified that based on the telephone bill of May 25,
he concluded that Storino had ignored his instructions. The bill
also shows that other employees living outside the local area
code made numerous calls to their homes; however, this does
not appear to have been given much, if any, consideration by
Costello. In any event, he issued a memo on June 4 to the ef-
fect that personal calls should be kept to a minimum and that
the use of the 800 number for personal calls was prohibited.
On June 26 he had another discussion with her about this
matter. Storino told Costello that she did not intend to cease
taking regular calls from her son who lives in New York City
and is critically ill with a blood disease, of the same type her
daughter died from a few years ago. She offered to pay for the
calls, but Costello said that money was not particularly impor-
tant, it was the time. She also said she would try to get a tele-
phone for her son so he would not have to use the 800 number
and she testified that she purchased a calling card for him, but it
is unclear when this occurred. The meeting ended with Storino
stating she would have to be fired before she would cease tak-
ing calls from her son and as she left Costello’s office, she
slammed the door.
Costello sought out Dooley, his life-long friend and a close
friend of Storino, to tell him that he was contemplating dis-
charging Storino because of the telephone dispute. This Doo-
ley questioned, telling Costello he felt the proposed action re-
lated to Storino’s union activity. That evening Dooley called
Costello and then put Storino on the phone. Costello asked if
she had quit and she said no. She then apologized for slam-
ming the door and told him she was being picked on.
The next day Storino came to work. About 11 a.m. Costello
again met with her and asked if she would stop the calls. She
told him she could not stop taking calls from her son, but she
again offered to pay for the calls. He said that was not accept-
able and suggested other ways to contact her son.
On July 2 Costello received the June 25 telephone bill,
which, he testified, confirmed his suspicion that Storino had not
stopped taking 800 number personal calls. While this exhibit
shows, and Storino admits, that she continued to take 800 calls
from her son (23 calls totaling 89.2 minutes at a cost of
$23.55), there is no persuasive showing that she took other
personal calls on the 800 number. Costello discussed the situa-
tion with Coryell and then counsel and on July 3, terminated
Storino.
B. Analysis and Concluding Findings
1. Promise and grant of benefits
After meeting with employees in early January, and receiv-
ing their list of requests, Coryell again met with them in late
January and stated that their parking privileges had been re-
stored, that pension benefits would be restored (which was
subsequently done) and that they would be given substantial
raises in May. It is alleged that the Respondent thereby com-
mitted violations of Section 8(a)(1).
Notwithstanding that the employees initially asked to meet
with Coryell, to announce that employee concerns would be
rectified, and to do so by granting benefits is clearly violative
of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act, where done during the course of
an organizational campaign. Though these benefits were given
in the absence of other unfair labor practices, nevertheless “rea-
sonable employees would have viewed the new benefits as
having been conferred by the Respondent in order to undermine
support for the Union.” Reno Hilton, 319 NLRB 1154, 1156
(1995).
2. Threats by John Kaiser
John Kaiser is the manager of the collections department,
which is one of the four organizational groups of the Fund. It is
alleged, and denied, that he is a supervisor. However, he has
employees working in his department and he is admittedly a
manager.
On the first of May, Kaiser called Storino into his office to
tell her what her raise was to be and she told him it was “not a
substantial raise.” It was the same raise employees had re-
ceived previously and she told him she was dissatisfied. He
told her to see Costello and he further said, “[If] you’re think-
ing about doing anything, don’t because for every action there
will be a reaction.”
Similarly, Shirley Sweat complained to Kaiser about the in-
adequacy of her raise and he said, “Well, for every action
there’s a reaction.” Robin Thomas testified that Kaiser told
here she did an outstanding job and that her raise would be
4percent, which made her “very, very angry.” He said that she
would need to speak to Costello, “But just remember, for every
action there’s a reaction.”
Though noting that the Respondent faces a heavy burden
concerning this allegation since Kaiser did not testify, counsel
argues that the testimony of Storino, Sweat, and Thomas is
inherently incredible. I conclude otherwise. While the action-
reaction comment might be somewhat ambiguous, in context he
clearly threatened employees. He made this statement after
each had expressed strong dissatisfaction with their raises,
CARPENTERS HEALTH & WELFARE FUND 269
which had been promised to be substantial. Accordingly, I
conclude that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) as al-
leged; and, it is reasonable to infer that the reaction of Storino
and the other employees to the raises was communicated to
Costello by Kaiser. Absent any evidence to the contrary, I so
find.
3. The discharge of Tommasina Storino
The issue involving the discharge of Storino is whether it
was motivated, at least in part, by the employees’ union activity
and Storino’s participation therein. While there is some per-
suasive evidence that the discharge resulted from a test of wills,
on balance I conclude that the union activity was a motivating
factor; and, I conclude that the Respondent did not carry its
burden of proving that notwithstanding the union activity,
Storino would have been discharged when she was. Wright
Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662 F.2d 899 (1st Cir.
1981), cert. denied 455 U.S. 989 (1982).
There is no evidence of animus, and it can be inferred that
the fund managers, being closely associated with the carpenters
unions, would be generally sympathetic to labor. However,
that employees were organizing was known to Costello in
January. The Fund in fact granted benefits to keep the situation
“in house.” Costello as the new chief operating officer asked
employees to “give him a chance.” Kaiser threatened employ-
ees when they complained about the small size of their raises.
And finally, at least by the time Costello discharged Storino he
knew that the employees had renewed their organizational
campaign, having been so notified by Coryell who received a
call from the Union’s president on July 2.
Costello testified that he decided in his mind on June 27 to
discharge Storino for continuing to take 800 number calls but
waited until receiving the June bill to verify his suspicion. He
further testified that her union activity played no part in the his
decision. On balance, I do not credit this denial.
The June bill shows calls from the New York home of
Storino’s son, but there is no suggestion from Costello that
other personal calls came in for Storino that month. (Counsel
argues that the bill shows 130.5 minutes of, presumably, 800
number calls but how this figure was derived is not given.)
Costello does not dispute that Storino was cooperative and
when he asked her in May for the numbers of her family to
check against the telephone bill she gave them. The thrust of
Costello’s testimony was that Storino refused to recognize his
authority to make rules and to abide by his instructions and
cease taking calls from her son. He knew that her son was
critically ill and that she had been talking to him at the office
most days for a long time. He acknowledged that she offered to
pay for these calls but he declined on grounds that the time
away from work was the critical matter, even while noting that
she took some of these calls on her lunch break. And he ac-
knowledged that she asked for a couple weeks in order to have
a line installed for her son so he could call her without using the
800 number.
In his testimony, at times Costello seemed to take the posi-
tion that use of the 800 number was not critical—simply that
Storino was taking too much time away from work on personal
calls. At other times Costello seemed to focus on the 800 num-
ber. In short, his explanation of why he had to discharge
Storino was inconsistent, particularly in light of the Respon-
dent’s stated policy. The policy, as set forth in the June 4
memo (and earlier memos) does not prohibit personal calls. It
states only that such calls should be kept to a minimum and to
emergencies, if possible. As Costello testified, total prohibition
of personal use of telephones, including the 800 number, has
never been the Fund’s policy.
Storino’s well known situation with her critically ill son has
for years been viewed either as an emergency or an exception
to this policy. Costello testified that he knew of her son’s ill-
ness and the fact that he called her regularly. Costello did not
explain why he felt it necessary to stop allowing Storino to talk
to her son most days during working hours.
Between the onset of Costello’s stated concern on May 8 and
his second confrontation with Storino on June 26 was about 7
weeks; and he waited another week to discharge her after testi-
fying he made the decision, on grounds he wanted to check the
June bill. Yet he would not give Storino the 2 weeks she asked
for in order to set up a system with her son not involving the
800 number. This is inconsistent with Costello’s stated concern
to work out the situation with Storino.
I therefore conclude that Costello must have been motivated
by considerations other than Storino simply taking 800 number
calls from her son. Given that the organizational campaign,
which had been quiescent, was rekindled in May when the em-
ployees concluded that their raises were inadequate, I conclude
that the motivation included the employees’ union activity.
Since Storino was one of the leaders, and was known to be such
at least by the time of her discharge, I conclude that her dis-
charge was violative of Section 8(a)(3) of the Act. I further
conclude that Costello’s testimony is not persuasive that he
would have discharged Storino in the absence of the union
activity.
IV. REMEDY
Having concluded that the Respondent committed certain un-
fair labor practices, I shall recommend that it cease and desist
therefrom and take certain affirmative action designed to effec-
tuate the policies of the Act, including reinstating Tommasina
Storino her former job, or if that job no longer exists, to a sub-
stantially identical position of employment and make her whole
for any loss of wages or other benefits she may have suffered in
accordance with the formula set forth in F. W. Woolworth Co.,
90 NLRB 289 (1950), and New Horizons for the Retarded, 283
NLRB 1173 (1987).
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]