Barton Nelson, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Aug 25, 1995

318 N.L.R.B. 712 (N.L.R.B. 1995)

712
318 NLRB No. 86
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
1 The Petitioner has excepted to some of the hearing officer’s
credibility findings. The Board’s established policy is not to overrule
a hearing officer’s credibility resolutions unless the clear preponder-
ance of all the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect.
Stretch-Tex Co., 118 NLRB 1359, 1361 (1957). We find no basis
for reversing the findings.
2 Supervisors had also distributed hats for the Employer prior to
the first election.
3 The case distinguished by the hearing officer, House of Raeford
Farms, 308 NLRB 568 (1992), enfd. mem. 7 F.3d 223 (4th Cir.
1993), involved the employer’s distribution of ‘‘vote no’’ shirts to
unit employees. The employee distributing the shirts on behalf of the
employer kept a list of the employees who requested them, thus ena-
bling the employer to ascertain the employees’ union sentiments.
The Board found that this conduct reasonably tended to interfere
with employee free choice in the election.
4 See House of Raeford Farms, supra; Gonzales Packing Co., 304
NLRB 805, 815 (1991); Lott’s Electric Co., 293 NLRB 297, 304
(1989).
5 See Gonzales Packing, supra; Lott’s Electric Co., supra; Kurz-
Kasch, Inc., 239 NLRB 1044 (1978); and Pillowtex Corp., 234
NLRB 560 (1978).
6 In concluding that the Employer’s conduct was objectionable, we
note in particular the judge’s comment in Gonzales Packing that he
was aware of ‘‘. . . no case in which it was found legally innocent
for a supervisor . . . directly to approach a substantial number of
employees . . . and to invite those employees on-the-spot to choose
whether or not to display an antiunion slogan.’’ 304 NLRB at 815–
816.
7 269 NLRB 1176 (1984), affd. sub nom. Hotel & Restaurant Em-
ployees Local 11 v. NLRB, 760 F.2d 1006 (9th Cir. 1985).
8 Supra at 304.
Barton Nelson, Inc. and United Paperworkers Inter-
national Union, AFL–CIO, CLC, Petitioner.
Case 17–RC–11047
August 25, 1995
DECISION AND DIRECTION OF THIRD
ELECTION
BY CHAIRMAN GOULD AND MEMBERS STEPHENS
AND TRUESDALE
The National Labor Relations Board, by a three-
member panel, has considered objections to an election
held February 10, 1994, and the hearing officer’s re-
port recommending disposition of them. The election
was conducted pursuant to an agreement to set aside
election and conduct rerun election entered into by the
parties subsequent to the first election held December
22, 1993. The tally of ballots shows 78 for and 90
against the Petitioner, with 2 void and 8 nondetermina-
tive challenged ballots.
The Board has reviewed the record in light of the
Petitioner’s exceptions and brief and the Employer’s
reply brief. We have decided to adopt the hearing offi-
cer’s findings1 only to the extent consistent with this
Decision and Direction of Third Election.
Unlike the hearing officer, we find that the conduct
of at least three of the Employer’s supervisors in di-
rectly distributing antiunion hats to employees amount-
ed to objectionable conduct that warrants setting the
election aside. The facts presented at the hearing show
that about a week before the February 1994 election,
the Employer’s supervisors distributed hats to unit em-
ployees. These hats included the following message on
the front, stating, ‘‘what Part of UNiOn Don’t They
Understand,’’ with the N and O in ‘‘UNiOn’’ printed
in a contrasting color. Bindery Shift Supervisor Chuck
Novak handed a hat to everyone in his area with the
explanation, ‘‘Here’s a free hat.’’ When an employee
asked about what he could do if he didn’t want a hat,
Novak responded that he could throw it away. Night
Shift Supervisor Linda Jones testified that she pre-
sented the hats to her employees by explaining that
they could have one if they wanted one. Press Super-
visor Stan Hunter testified that when he handed out a
hat to every employee, he stated, ‘‘Here’s another
hat.’’2
The hearing officer relied on the absence of evi-
dence that anyone kept a list of who did or did not
take the proffered hats to find their distribution
unobjectionable.3 Notwithstanding the absence of list-
keeping in this case, we find that, under the cir-
cumstances, the supervisors’ conduct was objection-
able.
It is undisputed that an employer may make
antiunion paraphernalia available to employees at a
central location unaccompanied by any coercive con-
duct.4 Here, however, the Employer did more than
make the hats available; rather, various supervisors
personally distributed the hats, presumably to a large
number of unit employees, a week before the second
election. When supervisors approach individual em-
ployees and solicit them to wear antiunion or
proemployer paraphernalia, the employees are forced
to make an observable choice that demonstrates their
support for or rejection of the union.5
Contrary to our dissenting colleague’s analysis, we
find the Employer’s conduct here analogous to that
found in Gonzales Packing Co., above, where a super-
visor approached 10 voters at their workstations the
day before the election and, in the presence of a large
number of unit employees, asked them if they wanted
vote-no stickers. Here, as in Gonzales Packing, super-
visors personally offered antiunion hats to unit em-
ployees.6
We also dispute the dissent’s suggestion that we are
applying a per se analysis whenever a supervisor has
been involved in distributing antiunion paraphernalia,
rather than analyzing whether the distribution was co-
ercive under the ‘‘totality of the circumstances,’’ or
that the Board in ‘‘distribution’’ cases preceding
Rossmore House7 applied such a per se analysis. In
particular, we note that when the Board adopted the
judge’s finding in Lott’s Electric Co.,8 citing the
Board’s pre-Rossmore decision in Kutz-Kasch, that the
employer’s distribution of antiunion buttons violated
713BARTON NELSON, INC.
1 See Lott’s Electric Co., 293 NLRB 297, 304 (1989).
2 269 NLRB 1176 (1984), affd. sub nom. Hotel & Restaurant Em-
ployees Local 11 v. NLRB, 760 F.2d 1006 (9th Cir. 1985).
3 277 NLRB 1217 (1985).
4 304 NLRB 805 (1991).
5 Although the Board found that a supervisor’s distribution of
‘‘Vote No’’ buttons amounted to unlawful interrogation in Lott’s
Electric, supra at 304, a decision that issued subsequent to Sunny-
vale, it specifically relied for its ruling on Kurz-Kasch, 239 NLRB
1044 (1978), a case that preceded both Rossmore House and Sunny-
vale. The distribution in Lott’s, moreover, occurred against a back-
ground of myriad unfair labor practices that the Board found suffi-
ciently egregious to merit a bargaining order, a context of coercion
clearly absent from the instant case.
6 304 NLRB at 816.
Section 8(a)(1), it relied on the fact that the employer
did more than make the buttons available to employ-
ees. Specifically, the judge detailed that a supervisor
distributed the buttons to employees just before they
reported, as directed, to the employer’s facility to
watch a campaign movie. In our view, the cir-
cumstances here are similar to those in Lott’s Electric.
Consequently, we shall set the election aside and di-
rect a third election.
[Direction of Third Election omitted from publica-
tion.]
MEMBER STEPHENS, dissenting in part.
Like my colleagues, I would not rely solely on the
fact that no list was made of which employees accept-
ed or rejected the antiunion hats proffered by the Em-
ployer’s supervisors to determine whether the election
should be set aside. I disagree with them, however,
that the supervisors’ direct distribution of antiunion
paraphernalia amounts to objectionable conduct suffi-
cient to set aside the results of an election. Rather, in
determining whether alleged preelection misconduct
warrants setting aside the election results, I would not
follow a per se approach, but would consider the total-
ity of the circumstances. My consideration would ex-
tend not only to the timing of the alleged misconduct,
the number of potential voters affected, and the close-
ness of the election, but also to whether the conduct,
when viewed in context, could reasonably be found to
have a coercive effect.
The majority opinion accurately recounts the indif-
ferent manner in which supervisors distributed the hats.
In addition, the record contains numerous statements
by the Petitioner’s witnesses that throughout both elec-
tion campaigns union supporters openly displayed their
sentiments by wearing buttons and hats favoring the
Petitioner.
In this setting, I do not find that the supervisors’
distribution of the hats warrants setting aside the elec-
tion. To the extent that such distribution has been ana-
lyzed as a form of interrogation of employees’ union
sentiments,1 I find that a per se analysis would conflict
with relevant Board law, i.e., the standard for assessing
alleged coercive interrogations enunciated in Rossmore
House2 and expanded in Sunnyvale Medical Clinic.3 In
those decisions, the Board rejected a per se approach
in favor of a totality of the circumstances analysis. As
explained above, the objecting party has failed to make
any showing that the distribution of the antiunion hats
was, in context, coercive. Indeed, the situation in the
instant case contrasts starkly with the situation in
Gonzales Packing Co.,4 where a supervisor of 50–60
employees singled out 10 employees the day before the
election to ask if they wanted a ‘‘NO’’ sticker like
those worn by antiunion employees.5 In that case, the
Board affirmed the judge’s application of Rossmore
House to find an 8(a)(1) violation and correspondingly
found that this conduct warranted ordering a new elec-
tion. The judge noted, in particular, that the employees
whom the supervisor approached with the stickers had
already indicated that they were unwilling to be identi-
fied with the ‘‘NO’’ movement and that the super-
visor’s approach would therefore reasonably have been
viewed by them as pressure from management to be-
come active in the antiunion campaign.6
Despite their denial that they are applying a per se
rule, my colleagues in the majority are, in my view,
doing exactly that when they predicate a violation of
Section 8(a)(1) solely on the fact that supervisors per-
sonally asked employees if they wanted the antiunion
hats. This is not different in principle from automati-
cally finding a violation of Section 8(a)(1) whenever a
supervisor poses a question to an employee about his
or her views on the union. It is for this reason that I
find the majority’s view in conflict with Rossmore
House and Sunnyvale.
Here there is no independent evidence of coercive
behavior, and the record establishes that the Employ-
er’s antiunion campaign was free from unfair labor
practices. Consequently, applying the Rossmore House
and Sunnyvale standard, I would adopt the hearing of-
ficer’s recommendation to overrule the Petitioner’s ob-
jections and certify the results of the election.