Aluminum Welding & Machine Works, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Dec 9, 1986

282 N.L.R.B. 396 (N.L.R.B. 1986)

396 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Aluminum Welding & Machine Works, Inc. and
Alan James Plamowski , Case 25-CA-17624
9 December 1986
DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS JOHANSEN, DAMN, AND
STEPHENS
On 17 June 1986 Administrative Law Judge
David L. Evans issued the attached decision. The
Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting brief,
and the General Counsel filed an answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegat-
ed its authority ' in this proceeding to a three-
member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the
record in light of the exceptions and briefs, and
has decided to affirm the judge' s rulings, findings, 2
and conclusions and to adopt the recommended
Order.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
DAVID L. EVANS, Administrative Law Judge. This
matter was tried before me on 27-28 February 1986 in
Portage, Indiana. The complaint alleges that Aluminum
Welding & Machine Works, Inc. (Respondent) has com-
mitted a violation of the National Labor Relations Act
(the Act). The complaint is based on a charge filed by
Alan James Plamowski, an individual, on 12 November
1985.1 The complaint, which issued on 11 December' al-
leges that Respondent refused to reinstate Plamowski
after an economic strike in violation of Section 8(ax3)
and (1) of the Act. Respondent filed an answer admitting
jurisdiction but denying the commission of any unfair
labor practices.
On the entire records and my observation of the de-
meanor of the witnesses, and after careful consideration
of the briefs filed by Respondent and the General Coun-
sel, I make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the
recommended Order of the administrative law
judge and orders that the Respondent, Aluminum
Welding & Machine Works, Inc., Burns Harbor,
Indiana, its officers, agents, successors , and assigns,
shall take the action set forth in the Order.
1 The Respondent has requested oral argument . The request is denied
as the record , exceptions, and briefs adequately present the issues and the
positions of the parties.
2 The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge's credibility find-
ings. The Board's established policy is not to overrule an administrative
law judge's credibility resolutions unless the clear preponderance of all
the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect . Standard Dry
Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362 (3d Cir. 1951).
We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing
the findings . We also find totally without merit the Respondent' s allega-
tions of bias and prejudice on the part of the judge. On our full consider-
ation of the record and the decision, we perceive no evidence that the
judge prejudged the case, made prejudicial rulings, or demonstrated a
bias against the Respondent in his analysis or discussion of the evidence.
3 The Respondent in its brief to the Board argues that the Charging
Party was not an employee because he accepted regular and substantially
equivalent employment with another employer. The Respondent seeks to
have the hearing reopened and a hearing de novo to explore this possible
defense . The request is denied. The record reflects that the Respondent at
no time sought to ascertain the intentions of the Charging Party concern-
ing recall with the Respondent . In any event, the Charging Party's inten-
tions are objectively shown by his unconditional offer to return to work
and his appearance at the Respondent 's facility when solicited by the Re-
spondent regarding a position in the welding department . The intention
of the economic striker with regard to returning to work with an em-
ployer is one of the criteria in establishing whether the striker acquired
regular and substantially equivalent employment . See Salinas Valley Ford
Sales, 279 NLRB 679 (1986), and Little Rock Airmotive, 182 NLRB 666
(1970), enfd. 455 F.2d 163 (8th Cir. 1972). Accordingly, the Respondent's
argument is without meet.
John N. Petrison, Esq., for the General Counsel.
J. Charles Sheerin, Esq., of Michigan City, Indiana, for
the Respondent.
I. JURISDICTION
Respondent is an Illinois corporation located at Burns
Harbor, Indiana, where it is engaged in the manufacture,
sale, and service of equipment for steel mills. During the
12 months preceding issuance of the complaint Respond-
ent, in the course and conduct of its business operations,
purchased and received at its Burns Harbor facility prod-
ucts, goods, and materials valued in excess of $50,000 di-
rectly from suppliers located at points outside Indiana.
Therefore, Respondent is, and has been at all times mate-
rial, an employer engaged in commerce within the mean-
ing of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED
Local Union No. 142, General Drivers, Warehouse-
men and Helpers Union, affiliated with International
Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen
and Helpers of America (the Union) is a labor, organiza-
tion within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
III. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE
Respondent and the Union engaged in negotiations for
an initial collective-bargaining agreement from about 1
March to 15 August. On 15 July Respondent's 13 pro-
duction and maintenance employees, including Pla-
mowski, began an economic strike. On 15 August a labor
agreement was reached, and an unconditional offer to
return to work was made by the Union on behalf of all
the striking employees.
All dates are 1985 unless otherwise specified.
$ The transcript is easily the poorest I have ever seen, but most of the
errors are obvious, and neither party has filed a motion to correct the
record. Nevertheless, I am constrained to point out that at p. 153, I.L. 24
and 25, I asked counsel for the General Counsel, "[W]hy in your case
you don't have objections ." I did not ask, "[W]hy in your case you don't
have suspenders on."
282 NLRB No. 62
ALUMINUM WELDING WORKS
On 17 August Respondent began reinstating striieis. It
denied reinstatement to Plamowski , a machinist, on the
ground that there, was insufficient work for him at that
time, a fact that is not disputed. In September, however,
when work picked up, rather than reinstate Plamowski,
Respondent hired a new machinist, one Walter Doherty.
Respondent's president and owner, Darrell T. Boothe,
testified that he employed Doherty rather than reinstate
Plamowski because Doherty was a much faster machin-
ist.
It is clear, even by the testimony of the General Coun-
sel's own witnesses, that there exist faster machinists than
Plamowski. However, an economic striker's reinstate-
ment rights are not dependent on an employer's ability to
find a faster, or otherwise "better;" worker after an un-
conditional offer to return work is made. As stated by
the Supreme Court in NLRB v. Fleetwood Trailer Co.,
389 U.S. 375 at 381 (1967):
If and when a job for which the striker is qualified
becomes available, he is entitled to an offer of rein-
statement. The right can be defeated only if the em-
ployer can show "legitimate and substantial business
justifications." [NLRB v. Great Dane Trailers, 388
U.S. 26 (1967).]
That is, when work for which Plamowski was qualified
became available, his right to reinstatement matured, and
that right could be defeated only by Respondent's show-
ing a legitimate and substantial business justification for
not reinstating him.
No such consideration has been shown here. The only
business consideration held by Respondent when work
became available was Boothe 's hope of employing a
faster machinist than Plamowski. However, such hope
has never been held to be a "]legitimate and substantial"
business consideration as envi sioned by the Court. Nor
could it be. It is not "substantial" because all employers,
at all times, hope to ford faster or otherwise "better"
workers . It is not "legitimate"' because it would allow
employers to pick and choose among returning strikers
on the basis its evaluation of its prospects of fulfilling
this universal hope of fording "better" employees. There-
fore, Respondent 's refusal to reinstate Plamowski when
work for which he was qualified became available, even
if Doherty was better qualified, was a violation of Pla-
mowski's right to reinstate, as was made clear in 1967 by
the Supreme Court's decision in NLRB v. Fleetwood
Trailer Co., supra.3
Accordingly, I find and conclude that, by its refusal to
reinstate Plamowski immediately after work for which
he was qualified became available, Respondent violated
Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act.
8 See also Salinas Valley Ford Sales, 279 NLRB 679 (1986), and Lehigh
Metal Fabricators, 267 NLRB 568 , 575 (1983), enfd. mem. 735 F .2d 1350
(3d Cir . , 1984). At the hearing, I specifically invited Respondent to cite
any case in which reinstatement rights were defeated solely because an
employer was able to find a "better" worker than a striker who had un-
conditionally offered to return to work. Of course, no such citation is
contained in Respondent's brief.
397
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Aluminum Welding & Machine Works, Inc. is an
employer within the meaning of Section 2(2) of the Act
and is engaged in commerce or in an industry affecting
commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of
the Act.
2. Local Union No. 142, General Drivers, Warehouse-
men and Helpers Union, affiliated with International
Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen
and Helpers of America is a labor organization within
the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. By failing and refusing to reinstate Charging Party
Alan James Plamowski on availability of work for which
he was qualified , 4 Respondent has discriminated against
an employee in violation of Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the
Act.
IV. THE REMEDY
Having found that Respondent has engaged in an
unfair labor practice , within the meaning of Section
8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act, I will recommend that' it be
ordered to cease and desist from engaging in such con-
duct, and I will further recommend that Respondent be
ordered to offer reinstatement to Plamowski and Pay to
him backpay, with interest.5 Backpay is to be computed
on a quarterly basis in the manner prescribed by the
Board in F. W. Woolworth Co., 90 NLRB 289 (1950);
with interest as established by the Board in Florida Steel
Corp., 231 NLRB 651 (1977); see generally Isis Plumbing
Co., 138 NLRB 716 (1962).
Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act, I issue the fol-
lowing recommended6 '
ORDER
The Respondent, Aluminum Welding & Machine
Works, Inc., Burns Harbor, Indiana, its officers, agents,
successors, and assigns, shall
(1) Cease and desist from
(a) Discouraging membership in or activities on behalf
of Local Union No. 142, General Drivers, Warehouse-
men and Helpers Union, affiliated with International
Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen
4 The exact date when Respondent violated the Act by refusing to re-
instate Plamowski is a matter that may properly be left for compliance. It
would not necessarily be the date when Doherty began working ; if work
for which Plamowski was qualified became available before then, the vio.
lation began at that point, and the remedy should run from that date.
At the compliance stage, the Board should reject any contention that
Plamowski's rate of pay would be at a "C" machinist grade. Although at
the hearing Respondent contended that Plamowski was really a "C,"
rather than "B," machinist, that category includes "trainees and machinist
helpers" according to Respondents own job descriptions . Although Pla-
mowski was slower than other machinists, he could operate all machin-
ery in Respondent's machine shop by himself, and Boothe acknowledged
that Plamowski was "very accurate." Moreover, Boothe acknowledged
that he never told Plamowski that he was a "trainee or machinist helper."
Finally, Union Representatives VonAsch and Sawochka credibly testified
that during contract negotiations Respondent classified Plamowski as a
class "B" machinist.
6 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board's
Rules and Regulations , the findings, conclusions, and recommend Order
shall , as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the Board
and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all purposes.
398 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
and Helpers of America, or any other labor organization,
by refusing to reinstate economic strikers who have
made an unconditional offer to return to work immedi-
ately on availability of work for which they are quali-
fied.
(b) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of rights
guaranteed by the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Offer to Alan James Plamowski immediate rein-
statement to his former job or, if such job no longer
exists, to a substantially equivalent job without prejudice
to his seniority or other rights and priviledges , dismiss-
ing, if necessary any person hired as a replacement after
15 August 1985, and make Plamowski whole, with inter-
est, for any loss of earnings and other benefits suffered
by reasons of Respondent 's unlawful refusal to reinstate-
ment him.
(b) Preserve and, on request , make available to the
Board or its agents for examination and copying, all pay-
roll records , social security payment records, timecards,
personnel records and reports, and all other records nec-
essary to analyze the amount of backpay due under the
terms of this Order.
(c) Post at its Burns Harbor, Indiana place of business
copies of the attached notice marked "Appendix."7
Copies of the notice, on forms provided by the Regional
Director for Region 25, after being signed by the Re-
spondent 's authorized representative, shall be posted by
the Respondent immediately upon receipt and maintained
for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous places including
all places where notices to employees are customarily
posted . Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respond-
7 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the Nation-
al Labor Relations Board " shall read "Posted Pursuant to a Judgment of
the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order,of the National
Labor Relations Board."
ent to ensure that the notices are not altered , defaced, or
covered by any other material.
(d) Notify the Regional Director in writing within 20
days from the date of this Order what steps the Re-
spondent has taken to comply.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
WE WILL NOT discourage activities on behalf of Local
Union No. 142, General Drivers, Warehousemen and
Helpers Union, affiliated with International Brotherhood
of Teamsters , Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of
America or any other labor organization by refusing to
reinstate employees who have unconditionally offered to
return to work from an economic strike.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce our employees in the excercise
of rights guaranteed by the National , Labor Relations
Act.
WE WILL offer Adam James Plamowski immediate re-
instatement to the job he held before our unlawful refus-
al to reinstate him or , if that job no longer exists, to a
substantially equivalent position of employment without
prejudice to his seniority or other rights and privileges,
dismissing, if necessary, any person hired as a replace-
ment after 15 August 1985.
WE WILL make Adam James Plamowski whole, with
interest , for any loss of pay he may have suffered as a
result of our discrimination against him.
ALUMINUM WELDING & MACHINE
WORKS, INC.