Adams Dairy, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Mar 24, 1958

120 N.L.R.B. 177 (N.L.R.B. 1958)

ADAMS DAIRY, INC. 177
ceive how the dispatcher can supervise the traincrews since he has
only radio and no physical contact with them. We are satisfied that
the haulage boss and the jigger bosses are the immediate supervisors
of the haulage crews and that the direction of the traincrews by the
dispatcher is not supervisory within the meaning of the Act'
Accordingly, we find that the dispatchers are included in the produc-
tion and maintenance unit for which Mine Mill is the certified
bargaining representative.
[Text of Direction of Election omitted from publication.]
MEMBER JENKINS took no part in the consideration of the above
Third Supplemental Decision and Direction of Election.
8 On October 1, 1957, the Employer 's mine superintendent distributed a circular to all
mine supervisors listing the "Rules for Disciplinary Action." In this bulletin it is stated
that only supervisors of foreman status, which includes assistant foremen, can discharge
an employee . However , "a direct supervisor or boss will exercise disciplinary action by :
1. Giving proper warning to employees.
2. Give employees the proper number of days off for his offense.
3. When necessary , recommend an employee 's transfer or discharge to his foreman.
All bosses have the direct right to immediately send a man out from underground or
off the job when he becomes insubordinate , insulting and abusive . Whether he will be
penalized or discharged can be reviewed and determined later."
The dispatchers admittedly do not issue warnings to employees or layoff employees for
violation of rules. Further , there is no credible evidence that they have ever recom-
mended transfer or discharge as a disciplinary measure, or have sent a man out from
underground because of insubordination or insulting or abusive conduct.
Adams Dairy, Inc. and Mikal Wallace. Case No. 14-CA-153,
March, 24, 1958
DECISION AND ORDER
On June 14,1957, Trial Examiner Lee J. Best issued his Intermedi-
ate Report in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that the Respond-
ent had engaged in and was engaging in certain unfair labor practices
and recommending that it cease and desist therefrom and take certain
affirmative action, as set forth in the copy of the Intermediate Report
attached hereto. Thereafter, the Respondent filed exceptions to the
Intermediate Report and a supporting brief.'
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3 (b) of the Act, the Board
has delegated its powers in connection with this case to a three-member
panel [Members Rodgers, Bean, and Jenkins].
The Board has reviewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner made at
the hearing and finds that no prejudicial error was committed. The
rulings are hereby affirmed. The Board has considered the Inter-
:1 The Respondent's request for oral argument is hereby denied as the record , excep-
tions, and .brief adequately present the positions of the parties.
120 NLRB No. 28.
483142- 59---vol. 120-13
178 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
mediate Report, the exceptions and brief, and the entire record in the
case and hereby adopts the findings, conclusions, and recommendations
of the Trial Examiner only insofar as they are consistent with our
decision herein.
1. We agree with the Trial Examiner that the Respondent violated
Section 8 (a) (4) and (1) of the Act by refusing to reinstate Mikal
Wallace on April 9, 1956, because of his failure to present a signed
statement renouncing and withdrawing charges filed with the Board
and by requiring on May 7, 1956, as a condition of his reinstatement,
his withdrawal of these charges.
2. We, however, do not agree with the Trial Examiner that the
preponderance of the evidence establishes that the Respondent on
August 1, 1956, terminated Wallace's route and transferred him to
another job as a special driver because of his activities on behalf of
the International Union of Operating Engineers, AFL-CIO, Locals
2, 2A, 2B and 2C (hereinafter called the Operating Engineers). In
finding discriminatory motivation, the Trial Examiner relied upon
the circumstances surrounding Wallace's discharge which occurred
more than 4 months earlier, and which the Trial Examiner found
was due to Wallace's efforts to have the Independent Wholesale Dairy
Products Salesmen's Association (hereinafter called the Independent)
affiliate with the Operating Engineers. We find that the circumstances
of Wallace's discharge are entirely too doubtful to support a finding
of discrimination in his later transfer.
The relevant facts are briefly these : For a number of years the
Operating Engineers has been the bargaining representative of the
Respondent's maintenance employees. The Independent, since its
certification by the Board in 1954, has represented the driver-sales-
men. Wallace, a driver-salesman, was active in the Independent.
Relations between the Respondent and these unions have apparently
been friendly. Before the events leading to Wallace's discharge, the
employees engaged in much union discussion and argumentation while
working. This was serious enough to cause the Respondent at a
regular grievance meeting with the Independent's executive com-
mittee on March 6, 1956, which Wallace attended, to complain about
the state of affairs and to demand that it cease. When Wallace asked
as to whom he referred, the Respondent's general manager replied
that "It must be you, I want it put on the record that I want it dis-
continued." It appears that Wallace was one of the most boisterous
and argumentative of the employees.
Thereafter, on March 24, while trucks were being loaded on the
dock, Wallace became involved in a dispute with the Independent's
president, Powell, its secretary, Bridges, and Frye, a member of the
executive committee, over an invitation Wallace had extended to
ADAMS DAIRY, INC. 179
representatives of the Operating Engineers to attend a meeting of
the Independent's membership to consider possible affiliation with the
Operating Engineers. It appears that Wallace, Powell, and Bridges
were interested in affiliating with the Operating Engineers and had
previously interviewed representatives of that organization about it.
Upon learning of Wallace's participation in the commotion on the
dock, the Respondent discharged him. The Independent thereafter
unsuccessfully sought Wallace's reinstatement. However, after the
Operating Engineers picketed the Respondent, the Respondent rein-
stated Wallace on May 7,1956. About 3 months later, the Respondent
consummated an earlier decision to reorganize certain routes for
asserted business reasons. This required the elimination of Wallace's
route. Instead of dismissing him, the Respondent assigned Wallace
to a job as special driver. A few months later, following another
reorganization, Wallace was given another route.
As indicated previously, there is no evidence in the record showing
that the Respondent's relations with the Operating Engineers were
other than friendly. It is also significant that no clear evidence was
produced to show that the Respondent was opposed to affiliation."
Moreover, it appears that long before Wallace's transfer, any idea of
affiliating had been abandoned. In addition, the record is devoid of
any evidence showing that Wallace, after his reinstatement, engaged
in any activities on behalf of the Operating Engineers or was even
interested in that organization. Concededly, no events had inter-
vened which would justify imputing a desire on the part of the
Respondent to penalize Wallace for activities on behalf of the Oper-
ating Engineers. Otherwise, there would be no reason for the Trial
Examiner's reverting to the original discharge to find a ground for
Wallace's transfer.
In view of the foregoing, we find, contrary to the Trial Examiner,
that the evidence does not establish that the Respondent terminated
Wallace's route and transferred him to another job because of a
desire to penalize him for his early affiliating activities rather than
because of business considerations. Accordingly, we shall dismiss the
portion of the complaint that alleges that the Respondent discrimi-
nated against Wallace in violation of Section 8 (a) (3) of the Act.
The Trial Examiner also found that the reason for the termination
of Wallace's route and his transfer was his filing of charges with the
Board and that the Respondent thereby violated Section 8 (a) (4)
of the Act. We do not agree. Not only does the complaint not allege
such a violation, but the evidence also does not support such a finding.
3 There is some evidence that the Independent 's Vice President Hockensmith asked
General Manager Adams for his opinion regarding affiliation and Adams replied that he
would have to think it over before giving an anawar and simply cautioned them to watch
their step.
180 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
ORDER
Upon the entire record in this case, and pursuant to Section 10 (c)
of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor
Relations Board hereby orders the Respondent, Adams Dairy, Inc.,
St. Louis, Missouri, its officers, agents, successors and assigns, shall:
1. Cease and desist from :
(a) Requiring any employee to withdraw any charge filed by him
as a condition of reinstatement or in any other manner interfering
with the right of employees to file and prosecute charges and to give
testimony under the Act.
(b) In any like or related manner interfering with, restraining, or
coercing its employees in the exercise of rights guaranteed in Section 7
of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action :
(a) Post at its plant in St. Louis, Missouri, copies of the notice
attached hereto marked "Appendix." 3 Copies of said notice to be
furnished by the Regional Director for the Fourteenth Region, shall,
after being duly signed by the Respondent's representative, be posted
by the Respondent immediately upon receipt thereof and maintained
by it for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days thereafter in con-
spicuous places, including all places where notices to employees are
customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respond-
ent to insure that said notices are not altered, defaced or covered by
any other material.
(b) Notify the Regional Director for the Fourteenth Region in
writing, within ten (10) days from the date of this Order, as to what
steps the Respondent has taken to comply herewith.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint, insofar as it alleges that
the Respondent violated the Act by discriminating against Mikal
Wallace, be, and it hereby is, dismissed.
9 In the event that this Order is enforced by decree of a United States Court of Appeals,
there shall be substituted for the words "Pursuant to a Decision and Order" the words
"Pursuant to a Decree'of the United States Court of Appeals, Enforcing an Order."
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO ALL EMPLOYEES
Pursuant to a Decision and Order of the National Labor Relations
Board, and in order to effectuate the policies of the National Labor
Relations Act, as amended, we hereby notify our employees that :
WE WILL NOT require any employees to withdraw any charge
filed by him as a condition-of reinstatement or in any other manner
interfere with the right of employees to file and prosecute charges
and to give testimony under the'Act.
ADAMS DAIRY, INC. 181
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with,
restrain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of rights
guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act.
ADAMS DAIRY, INC.,
Employer.
Dated---------------- By-------------------------------------
(Representative ) ( Title)
This notice must remain posted for 60 days from the date hereof,
and must not be altered, defaced, or covered by any other material.
INTERMEDIATE REPORT AND RECOMMENDED ORDER
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
These proceedings authorized and conducted under Section 10 of the National
Labor Relations Act, as amended, 61 Stat . 136, herein called the Act, were heard
before the Trial Examiner in St . Louis, Missouri , on January 14, 15, and 16, 1957,
and on February 7, and 8 , 1957. Upon charges filed by Harold Gruenberg as
attorney for Mikal Wallace, Charging Party, the General Counsel for the National
Labor Relations Board issued a complaint against Adams Dairy, Inc., herein called
Respondent , alleging that Respondent engaged in and is engaging in unfair labor
practices within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (1), (3 ), and (4 ) of the Act,
affecting commerce within the meaning of Section 2 (6) and ( 7) of the Act. The
complaint , as amended , more particularly alleges in substance that the Respondent
(1) since on or about April 5, 1956, refused to reinstate Mikal Wallace ( employee)
to his former or substantially equivalent position of employment unless and until
he agreed to withdraw a charge filed by his attorney on his behalf in Case No.
14-CA-1480 and execute an affidavit to the effect that said charge was without
merit and not authorized by him; and ( 2) on or about August 1 , 1956, discriminated
in regard to hire or tenure of employment to encourage or discourage membership
in a labor organization by removing Mikal Wallace from his regular route as a
driver-salesman , demoting him to the position of special driver at greatly reduced
earnings , and denying him certain privileges customarily granted to driver-salesmen,
because he engaged in protected concerted activities with fellow employees for the
purposes of collective bargaining and other mutual aid or protection.
Copies of the charges , complaint , and other pertinent process were duly served
upon the Respondent . In due course the Respondent filed answer to the complaint
admitting jurisdictional allegations with respect to commerce , but denying all
allegations of unfair labor practices.
Pursuant to notice, all parties appeared at the hearing , and were represented by
counsel . Full opportunity was provided for all parties to be heard, to examine and
cross-examine witnesses , to introduce evidence pertinent to the issues involved,
to argue orally upon the record , and thereafter file written briefs and proposed
findings of fact and conclusions of law. Briefs filed by counsel for the General
Counsel and the Respondent have been given due consideration . No separate brief
was filed by counsel for the Charging Party.
Upon the entire record in the case , and from my observation of the witnesses, I
make the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. BUSINESS OF RESPONDENT
Adams Dairy, Inc., is a corporation duly organized and existing by virtue of the
laws of the State of Missouri , with its principal office and place of business located
at 5425 Easton Avenue in the City of St. Louis, where at all times pertinent herein
it engaged in the processing , sale, and distribution of dairy and related products
consisting principally of milk. In the course and conduct of its business during
the 12-month period ending November 30, 1956, the Respondent processed, sold,
and shipped milk and dairy products valued in excess of $100,000 in interstate
commerce from its St. Louis plant to points outside the State of Missouri.'
1H C. Adams, Jr ., is vice president and general manager of Respondent . Walter
Deschamp is his supervisory assistant , and a supervisor within the meaning of the Act.
182 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
I find, therefore, and Respondent concedes that it is engaged in commerce within
the meaning of Section 2 (6) and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
The International Union of Operating Engineers, AFL-CIO, Locals 2, 2a, 2b,
and 2c (herein called the Operating Engineers), and the Independent Wholesale
Dairy Products Salesmen 's Association (herein called the Independent Union), are
labor organizations within the meaning of Section 2 (5) of the Act.
At all times pertinent to this case Herman B. Jones was business representative
of the Operating Engineers. The officers and executive committee of the Independent
Union included George F. Powell (president), David T. Hockensmith (vice
president), Lawrence (Larry) D. Bridge, Jr., (secretary), John H. Hartshorn
(treasurer), James A. Frye, and Mikal Wallace.
III. THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. The bargaining agreement
Prior to July 1954 two labor organizations represented employees of Respondent
for the purposes of collective bargaining. The International Union of Operating
Engineers, Local 2, was, and still is, the recognized bargaining agent for all mainte-
nance employees, and the International Brotherhood of Chauffeurs, Warehousemen
and Helpers of America, Local Union #603, represented all inside dairy workers
and driver salesmen . During the summer of 1954 the driver-salesmen group
organized the Independent Dairy Products Salesmen's Association, which pursuant
to a consent election in July 1954 was certified as exclusive bargaining representative
for all employees in an appropriate unit comprising "All wholesale driver-salesmen,
including relief drivers and special drivers, exclusive of inside dairy workers, office
employees, supervisory employees, executives, and professionals."
Effective for a term of 2 years from September 1, 1954, to August 31, 1956, the
aforesaid Independent Union and the Respondent entered into a written collective-
bargaining agreement containing, inter alia, provisions for a union shop, seniority,
grievance procedure, minimum wage scale, and commissions based upon a point
system, establishment and elimination of routes, et cetera. Article XII of the
written agreement contained provisions, as follows:
Employer agrees not to consolidate or take off a route that is in commission
on the points set forth under "Method for Determining Points" unless a four
(4) month guarantee of the employee's basic pay and commission is paid. .
It is expressly agreed that in those instances where a route exceeds 50,000
points, said route may then be reduced to a minimum of 50,000 points with
no guarantee, however, if said route is reduced below 50,000 points, within
following four (4) months the full original guarantee must be paid.
Effective April 11, 1955, the written agreement was amended in writing, as
follows:
1. Route drivers shall receive 11/a 0 per point from scratch with an absolute
guarantee of $600.00 per month. In the event that a route should fall below
40,000 points per month, it is agreed that the route may be adjusted by the
Company. It is further agreed that all overtime shall be based on $85.00
per week.
3. The Union, in recognition of the economic condition of the milk market
in this area, agrees that the Company, in connection with its present right to
consolidate routes as set forth in the working Agreement, shall in order to
more effectively meet the present market conditions, have the right to eliminate
routes without regard to the present seniority provisions contained in the
present working Agreement and further without regard to the guarantees as
set forth in Article XII of the Agreement pertaining to guarantee.
B. Discharge of Mikal Wallace
Mikal Wallace was originally hired by the Respondent as a driver-salesman on
December 8, 1949. He operated route 15, and was commended by Supervisor
Walter Deschamp as having less returns and special orders than any other operator.
He was one of the organizers of the Independent Union, was elected and served as
ADAMS DAIRY, INC. 183
treasurer of that organization until July 1, 1955, and was thereafter elected a
member of its executive committee. At all times he aggressively participated in the
business administration of that union. The Independent Union had no office or
regular meeting place for the transaction of business, and in the absence of any
prohibiting company rule driver-salesmen frequently discussed their problems at the
loading dock on company premises. At a grievance meeting with the executive
committee on March 6, 1956, concerning other matters, General Manager E. C.
Adams, Jr., complained about discussions and arguments around the plant and
demanded that they be discontinued. Mikal Wallace raised an issue by inquiring
who he had reference to, whereupon, Adams said, "It must be you, I want it put
on record that I want it discontinued." In the early part of March 1956 some of the
driver-salesmen were considering and discussing the possibility of the Independent
Union becoming affiliated with the Operating Engineers. Mikal Wallace and Larry
D. Bridge interviewed Business Representative Herman B. Jones at his office con-
cerning such a proposal. During the third week in March, Mikal Wallace, Larry
D. Bridge, and George F. Powell had a second conference with Jones to discuss
the proposition, after seeking information from the Regional Office of the National
Labor Relations Board with respect to legal requirements and procedure. There-
after President George F. Powell posted a notice calling a membership meeting of
the Independent Union at the St. John's Community Center on the late afternoon
of March 24, 1956, to discuss and vote on the affiliation question. In the meantime
Powell instructed David T. Hockensmith (vice president) to find out how General
Manager Adams of the Respondent Company felt about such an affiliation. When
approached by Hockensmith on March 22, 1956, and also by Arthur J. Riley (driver-
salesman), Adams made statements to the effect that he would have to think it over
before giving an answer, and cautioned them to watch their step. After discussion
with Larry Bridge, but without consulting President George F. Powell, Mikal
Wallace invited representatives of the Operating Engineers to attend the meeting
set for March 24, 1956.
When the driver-salesmen reported for work about 5 a. in. on Saturday, March 24,
1956, the trucks of George F. Powell and Mikal Wallace were being loaded at
opposite ends of the dock. Larry D. Bridge mentioned to Powell the fact that
Mikal Wallace had invited Business Representative Herman B. Jones and Harold
Gruenberg, attorney for the Operating Engineers, to attend the meeting of the
Independent Union that afternoon. Powell expressed his disapproval of the invi-
tation, and Bridge relayed that information to Wallace at the other end of the
dock. Thereupon, Mikal Wallace, Larry D. Bridge, and James F. Frye went to-
gether to talk the matter over with Powell. Wallace inquired of Powell what was
the trouble that he was not in favor of the engineers any more and Powell said,
"No, I have been doing some investigating and I don't think it would be the thing
to do. We will discuss it at our meeting to-night " Wallace said, "Well, I have
invited the Operating Engineers to be at the meeting," and Powell replied, "Well,
you can just call them and tell them not to come because they wouldn't get in."
Considerable argument and loud talking ensued between the four men present,
but there was no fighting or name calling. As a result of the misunderstanding,
President George F. Powell notified members of the executive committee that the
meeting was canceled or postponed. No management representative or supervisor
was present at the plant when the argument occurred.
Supervisor Walter Deschamp stopped at the plant about 8:30 a. in. on March 24,
1956, enroute to an Easter Parade downtown in which the Respondent was partici-
pating. Some employee reported to him that an argument between the driver-
salesmen had occurred on the dock. Without further investigation Deschamp
reported the occurrence to General Manager Adams at the Jefferson Hotel while
waiting for the parade to start. Thereupon, Adams instructed Deschamp to dis-
charge Mikal Wallace at once, and then proceeded to Florida by automobile at the
conclusion of the parade without returning to the plant. Supervisor Deschamp
called Wallace into his office on Monday, March 26, 1956, and discharged him.
None of the other participants in the argument on the dock were disciplined or
even questioned by the Respondent for any breach of conduct. In compliance with
his request for reasons of discharge, Respondent furnished Wallace with a letter, as
follows :
DEAR MR. WALLACE: Our records disclose that you were first employed by
Adams Dairy, Inc., on December 8, 1949, and continued in our employ until
the date of notice of discharge, March 26, 1956.
Your duties while in our employ being that of milk wagon wholesale
driver.
184 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
The reasons for your discharge are:
1. Your inability to work in close harmony with your fellow workers.
2. Your expressions of disloyalty to the Company, its officers and
supervisors.
Yours truly,
ADAMS DAIRY, INC.,
(Signed) Walter Deschamp,
WALTER DESCHAMP.
WD/vb
C. Reinstatement of Mikal Wallace
Immediately following his discharge Mikal Wallace filed, and requested the
Independent Union to process, a grievance against the employer under provisions of
the collective-bargaining agreement. A meeting with Respondent was scheduled
for Tuesday, March 27, 1956, but was thereafter postponed until Friday, March 30,
1956. On the day of discharge Wallace also consulted Harold Gruenberg, attorney
for the Operating Engineers, expressed a desire to file a charge with the National
Labor Relations Board and authorized him to do so whenever he deemed it necessary.
Consequently, Attorney Gruenberg filed a charge in Case No. 14-CA-1480 and
caused it to be served upon Respondent on or about March 29, 1956. Thereafter,
the executive committee of the Independent Union including Mikal Wallace on
March 30, 1956, met with Supervisor Walter Deschamp and Company Attorney
J. Leonard Schermer to consider the grievance. In the absence of General Manager
E. C. Adams, Jr., Respondent took the position that the grievance would not be
processed because a charge had been filed and was being investigated by the Board.
Members of the executive committee and their attorney, Carroll Gilpin, expressed
surprise that a charge had been filed, and requested a recess to confer privately
with Mikal Wallace. Following the recess Wallace made a statement to the effect
that the charge had been filed sooner than he expected, and expressed his willingness
to repudiate and withdraw the charge in order to proceed with grievance negotia-
tions. The attorneys present for the negotiating parties were in agreement that
the charge should be withdrawn, and after considerable discussion it was agreed
that Attorney Carroll Gilpin would prepare a written statement for the signature of
Mikal Wallace and pursue the grievance further with General Manager E. C.
Adams, Jr. No further agreement was reached or conditions proposed at that
meeting.
General Manager Adams returned from Florida on or about April 6, 1956, and
in the absence of Mikal Wallace on the next day held a meeting with President
George F. Powell, Secretary Larry D. Bridge, and Attorney Carroll Gilpin. Super-
visor Deschamp was present- In negotiations at that meeting Respondent reluctantly
agreed to reinstate Mikal Wallace upon conditions (1) that he sign a written state-
ment repudiating and withdrawing the charge; (2) discontinue his official status
with the Independent Union; (3) forfeit back pay for 2 weeks; and (4) continue his
employment on probation for a period of 60 or 90 days. President George F.
Powell thereupon communicated with Wallace by telephone, and thereafter notified
Respondent that he would agree to reinstatement on those conditions and report for
work on the following Monday. Thereafter on Sunday, April 8, 1956, President
George F. Powell presented to Mikal Wallace an undisclosed written statement,
presumably prepared by Attorney Carroll Gilpin in accordance with the agreement,
but Mikal Wallace refused to sign it. Nevertheless, Wallace reported for work at
Respondent's plant on Monday, April 9, 1956, and found General Manager Adams
and Supervisor Deschamp standing at the time clock. With respect to what occurred
at that time, Mikal Wallace credibly testified in substance that:
Mr. Deschamp said: "Where is that paper you were supposed to have?" I said:
"What paper?" He said: "That affidavit that George brought to your house
last night to sign." I said: "I don't have to." And Mr. Adams spoke up and
said that it is necessary for me to have that paper in order to remove the labor
charge, and I said, "I have been informed that it is not necessary to sign a
statement like that in order to remove the labor charge." And he said, "Yes,
it is. I have to have that statement." And I said, "Do I go to work or don't I?"
And he said, "Nope, not until you sign that statement." And with that I
turned and left.
Thereafter on April 16, 1956, Harold Gruenberg, as attorney for Mikal Wallace
filed an amended charge against Respondent in Case No. 14-CA-1480. In the
meantime President Powell and Secretary Larry D. Bridge of the Independent Union
ADAMS DAIRY, INC. 185
procured the signature of Mikal Wallace on the undisclosed written statement,
aforesaid, and tendered it to General Manager Adams on April 18, 1956, but
Respondent refused to accept it. Thereupon, further processing of the grievance
was abandoned by the Independent Union.
Thereafter on May 3, 1956, the Operating Engineers picketed the plant of
Respondent, and Mikal Wallace carried a banner on the picket line. Business Agent
Herman B. Jones credibly testified in substance that about 3 o'clock that afternoon
General Manager E. C. Adams, Jr., came to the picket line with his attorney, and
requested a meeting; that a meeting was scheduled for 10 o'clock the next morning,
and as a matter of courtesy the picket line was taken down immediately. At this
meeting both sides were represented by attorneys, but at the suggestion of Super-
visor Deschamp left the room, because he felt that a settlement could better be accom-
plished by representatives of the Union and the Company without legal representa-
tion. Following a preliminary discussion in the absence of Wallace, Supervisor
Deschamp as spokesman for Respondent in the presence of General Manager Adams
outlined the following conditions under which Mikal Wallace might be put back
to work:
(1) That the unfair labor practice charge be removed;
(2) Back pay to Wallace less pay for 2 weeks' vacation;
(3) Disestablishment of the picket line;
(4) Probation for 90 days.
Thereafter on Monday, May 7, 1956, Mikal Wallace reported for work and was
reinstated by Respondent in his former position as driver-salesman on route 15.
On the same day Harold Gruenberg, as attorney for Mikal Wallace, filed with the
Fourteenth Regional Office of the National Labor Relations Board a formal written
request (NLRB Form 601) for withdrawal of the charge in Case No. 14-CA-1480,
which was thereafter approved by the Regional Director on May 9, 1956. The only
document signed by Mikal Wallace in person reads, as follows:
RELEASE
FOR THE SOLE CONSIDERATION of Two Hundred Seventy-Two and 57/100 Dollars
($272.57), the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, I do hereby release and
forever discharge Adams Dairy, Inc., a corporation, from all claims, demands,
rights of action and charges, whatsoever, whether by law or in equity, which I
ever had, which I now have, or which I can have, resulting from my employment
by the Company and its termination thereof, on or about March 26, from the
date of the starting of my employment with Adams Dairy, Inc.
It is to be further agreed that the payment of the above sum is not to be
construed as an admission by or on behalf of Adams Dairy, Inc. of any wrongful
action on its part in regard to my employment and termination.
Dated: May 9-56.
(Signed) Mikal Wallace,
MIKAL WALLACE.
D. The abolition of route 15
After his reinstatement on May 7, 1956, to the position of driver-salesman on
route 15, Mikal Wallace faithfully and uneventfully served the probation period
imposed by Respondent throughout the months of May, June, and July. Effective
August 1, 1956, the Respondent abolished route 15 in its entirety, and unilaterally
assigned him to the status of a special driver at a flat salary of $120 per week.
The elimination of his regular route was accomplished by transferring one customer
stop to Driver-Salesman Arthur J. Riley, Jr., on route 2, and all other customer
stops in his territory to Driver-Salesman Gilbert C. Pounds on route 28. To further
equalize these routes the Respondent also transferred two original customer stops
from route 28 to route 2. At the hearing Supervisor Walter Deschamp admitted
on cross-examination that Respondent contemplated this adjustment of routes in
April and May 1956, but upon the advice of counsel decided not to take such action
by reason of the pending charges before the National Labor Relations Board and
the picketing of its plant by the Operating Engineers.
Following his demotion to special driver Mikal Wallace filed a charge against the
Respondent in the instant Case No. 14-CA-1532, which was legally served by
registered mail on Saturday, August 11, 1956. On the first workday thereafter,
Monday, August 13, 1956, Office Manager Max Fox for the Respondent instructed
Wallace to stay out of the plant office and carry on his business transactions with
the office personnel through a small window or peephole from the drivers' room,
which had been provided for that purpose. No such instructions were given to
186 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
other drivers, and the Respondent did not enforce any such rule with the other
drivers who continued to enter the office at will to pick up delivery orders from a
hook file on the receptionist desk. In response to his inquiry about it, Office Manager
Fox told Wallace that Mr. Adams was "pretty mad, pretty mad."
Since it is alleged in the complaint that the foregoing conduct of Respondent
constituted discrimination in violation of the Act, a determination of Respondent's
motive in eliminating route 15 is required.
E. Motive for elimination of route 15
Respondent contends that the elimination of route 15 was an economic adjustment
under its contract with the Independent Union to equalize routes commensurate with
the guarantee of $600 per month. Route 28 was a critical route and had consistently
operated below the guarantee since October 1955 when a large customer stop (A & P
Store) was destroyed by fire. This store was being rebuilt, and expected to reopen
for business upon completion of the construction work. It did reopen on September
12, 1956. In addition thereto a new Kroger store also opened for business on route
28 in October 1956. Prior thereto, however, the earnings on this route had
decreased to $244.57 in July 1956. In that month the reported earnings on contiguous
routes 2 and 16, exclusive of holiday overtime on July 4, 1956, decreased to $582.47
and $584.15, respectively. The reported earnings in July for route 15 were $720.83,
and on all other routes were substantially above the guarantee . Except on the
eastern end of a narrow segment extending to the Mississippi River, route 15 was
completely encircled by contiguous routes 1, 2, 16, 28, and 34.
The collective-bargaining agreement with the Independent Union, as amended
April 11, 1955, authorized Respondent to adjust any route falling below 40,000
points ($450) in earnings, and, if required by economic conditions, to eliminate
routes without regard to seniority provisions and the guarantees set forth in the
contract. Absent discrimination prohibited by the Act, the process of adjustment
and equalization of routes under the contract was a function of management.
By reason of the elimination of his regular route Mikal Wallace was demoted to
special driver at a flat salary of $120 per week. The Respondent thereby gained no
financial advantage, because it continued to pay him a salary in excess of guarantee
payments required by the contract to routes 2 and 28, but the earnings on those
routes increased to $912.96 and $720.18 in August, $1123.66 and $1514.06 in
September, $1208.87 and $1961 23 in October, and $1226.53 and $1738.92 in No-
vember 1956, respectively. The foreseeable opening of aforesaid stores in September
and October so overbalanced the earnings on route 28 that another adjustment was
imperative.
Effective September 1, 1956, Respondent entered into a new contract with the
Independent Union, and agreed to equalize all routes as soon as possible. In
December it made a consolidation affecting routes 2, 4, 28, and 34; and created
new route 3 in the same general area in which route 15 had been eliminated in
August. The new route 3 was then awarded to George F. Powell, and Mikal
Wallace was restored to the status of a regular route driver by assigning him to
route 8, which had been relinquished by Powell to accept the newly created route 3.
Concluding Findings
It has never been determined whether the discharge of Mikal Wallace on March 26,
1956, was discriminatory, because the charge filed on his behalf in Case No.
14-CA-1480 was withdrawn as a condition of his reinstatement on May 7, 1956.
The Respondent first reached an agreement with the Independent Union to reinstate
Wallace if he would sign a written statement repudiating and withdrawing the charge.
Wallace refused to sign a statement presented to him by George F. Powell, president
of the Independent Union, but nevertheless reported to Respondent's plant for work
on April 9, 1956. Respondent thereupon refused to employ him because he failed
to sign and deliver the written statement. Thereafter, on April 18, 1956, repre-
sentatives of the Independent Union presented a written statement signed by Wallace
to the Respondent, but Respondent refused to accept it. Negotiations with respect
to the discharge as a grievance were then abandoned. Thereafter, on May 5, 1956,
the Operating Engineers established a picket line at Respondent's plant. Respondent
then negotiated a settlement of the dispute with that organization to include dis-
establishment of the picket line, removal of the unfair labor practice charge in
Case No. 14-CA-1480, and reinstatement of Mikal Wallace. Withdrawal of the
charge was made one of the conditions of reinstatement , and Wallace returned to
work on May 7, 1956.
ADAMS DAIRY, INC. 187
Notwithstanding any agreements reached with either the Independent Union or
the Operating Engineers , I am constrained to find that Respondent discriminated
against Mikal Wallace, within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (4) of the Act, (1) by
refusing to reinstate or employ him on April 9, 1956, because of his failure and
refusal to present a signed statement renouncing and withdrawing charges filed with
the National Labor Relations Board, and (2) by requiring the withdrawal of charges
filed with the Board as a condition of his reinstatement on May 7, 1956. To find
otherwise would tend to divert processes of the Board to the settlement of private
grievances without regard to the public interest.2
With respect to the elimination of route 15 on August 1, 1956, the previous conduct
of Mikal Wallace is not an issue , because Respondent has attributed his demotion
to special driver solely to economic causes. Respondent contemplated such an
adjustment in April and May 1956, but deferred the matter upon advice of counsel
because of pending charges before the Board and the picketing by the Operating
Engineers. The economic adjustment of route 28 in August was less urgent because
the completion and opening of new stores on that route was imminent, the fall
months of increasing sales were approaching, and Respondent was negotiating a
new collective-bargaining agreement with the Independent Union. The adjustment
resulted in no substantial financial benefit to Respondent and a serious loss to Mikal
Wallace. To the drivers on routes 2 and 28 it was a windfall. The Respondent had
no special need for another special driver, and could well foresee that such an
adjustment of route 28 would be only a temporary expedient. It completely ignored
route 16 with earnings also below or at the guarantee level being operated by a
driver with less seniority than Mikal Wallace I am convinced, therefore, that the
elimination of route 15 was not an economic adjustment.
In the absence of an economic motive, I am convinced that the conduct of Re-
spondent on August 1, 1956, relates back to the events of March, April, and May,
and was a continuation of its discrimination against Mikal Wallace by reason of his
union activities in behalf of the Operating Engineers and the filing of charges with
the Board. Under Section 10 (b) of the Act all conduct engaged in by the Re-
spondent not more than 6 months prior to the filing of the charge in the present case
on August 9, 1956, may be considered as evidence and made the basis of finding
unfair labor practices.
Having already found discrimination against Mikal Wallace within the meaning
of Section 8 (a) (4) on April 9, 1956, and on May 7, 1956, I am now convinced
from a preponderance of the evidence and the entire record in the case, and so find,
that Respondent on or about August 1, 1956, discriminated in regard to his hire and
tenure of employment to discourage membership in the Operating Engineers within
the meaning of Section 8 (a) (3) of the Act, and because he had filed charges under
the Act within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (4) of the Act.3
IV. THE EFFECT OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES UPON COMMERCE
The activities and conduct of Respondent set forth in section III, above, occurring
in connection with the operations described in section II, above, have a close, intimate,
and substantial relation to trade, traffic, and commerce among the several States, and
tend to lead to labor disputes burdening and obstructing commerce and the free flow
of commerce.
V. THE REMEDY
Having found that Respondent discriminated against Mikal Wallace (employee)
with regard to his hire and tenure of employment, to discourage membership in a
labor organization, and because he filed charges under the Act, I shall recommend
that it cease and desist therefrom and take certain affirmative action designed to
effectuate the policies of the Act. Inasmuch as the former route 15 no longer
exists and Mikal Wallace has already been reinstated to a substantially equivalent
position as driver salesman on a regular route, it will be recommended that
Respondent also make him whole for any loss of pay suffered by reason of the
discrimination against him.
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact, and the entire record in the
case, I make the following:
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The International Union of Operating Engineers , AFL-CIO, Locals 2, 2a, 2b,
and 2c, herein called the Operating Engineers ; and the Independent Wholesale Dairy
8 Briggs Manufacturing Company, 75 NLRB 569-575 (Quatro).
8 See N. L. R. B. v. Syracuse Stamping Company, 208 F. 2d 77 (C. A. 2).
188 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Products Salesmen's Association, herein called the Independent Union, are labor
organizations within the meaning of Section 2 (5) of the Act.
2. By refusing to reinstate or reemploy Mikal Wallace on April 9, 1956, because
he failed and refused to sign a written statement repudiating and withdrawing a
charge filed in his behalf with the National Labor Relations Board, and by there-
after on May 7, 1956, requiring the withdrawal of said charge as a condition of
reinstatement to his former position, the Respondent engaged in unfair labor prac-
tices within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (4) of the Act.
3. By eliminating route 15 on or about August 1, 1956, thereby removing Mikal
Wallace from employment as driver-salesman on a regular route, because of his
previous union activities in behalf of the Operating Engineers and the filing of
charges under the Act, the Respondent discriminated in regard to hire and tenure
of employment, to discourage membership in a labor organization, and thereby
engaged in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Section 8 (a) (3), and (4)
of the Act.
4. The aforesaid unfair labor practices are also unfair labor practices within the
meaning of Section 8 (a) (1), and affect commerce within the meaning of Section
2 (6) and (7) of the Act.
[Recommendations omitted from publication.]
Local 926, International Union of Operating Engineers, AFL-
CIO and Armco Drainage and Metal Products , Inc. Case No.
10-CC-308. March 24, 1958
DECISION AND ORDER
On May 24, 1957, Trial Examiner Sidney Asher issued his Inter-
mediate Report in this proceeding, finding that the Respondent had
engaged in certain unfair labor practices within the meaning of Sec-
tion 8 (b) (4) (A) of the Act, and recommending that it cease and
desist therefrom and take certain affirmative action, as set forth in
the copy of the Intermediate Report attached hereto. Thereafter,
the General Counsel filed exceptions to the limited scope of the recom-
mended order, and the Respondent filed a statement in lieu of
exceptions, indicating that it did not wish to file exceptions.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3 (b) of the Act, the Board
has delegated its powers in connection with this case to a three-member
panel [Chairman Leedom and Members Bean and Jenkins].
The Board has reviewed the rulings made by the Trial Examiner
at the hearing and finds that no prejudicial error was committed. The
rulings are hereby affirmed. The Board has considered the Inter-
mediate Report, the exceptions, the statement in lieu of exceptions,
and the entire record in the case, and hereby adopts the findings, con-
clusions, and recommendations of the Trial Examiner with the
modifications in the order noted below.
The statement in lieu of exceptions raises no question material to a
decision by the Board. The Respondent's willingness to comply with
the recommendations of the Trial Examiner cannot impair the right
120 NLRB No. 27. _