Summary
In Garcia, this court held that section 1170.18 "appl[ies] to all those with felony dispositions, including those placed on probation who otherwise meet the conditions specified in the statutory scheme."
Summary of this case from People v. SampagaOpinion
H042396
02-10-2016
The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Rafaela GARCIA, Defendant and Appellant.
Counsel for Plaintiff and Respondent: Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Jeffrey M. Laurence, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Catherine A. Rivlin, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Karen Z. Bovarnick, Deputy Attorney General. Counsel for Defendant and Appellant: William M. Robinson, Sixth District Appellate Program.
Counsel for Plaintiff and Respondent: Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Jeffrey M. Laurence, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Catherine A. Rivlin, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Karen Z. Bovarnick, Deputy Attorney General.
Counsel for Defendant and Appellant: William M. Robinson, Sixth District Appellate Program.
Opinion
ELIA, ACTING P.J. Defendant Rafaela Garcia brought this appeal to challenge an order denying her petition for resentencing under Penal Code section 1170.18 (section 1170.18). She contends that the court failed to appreciate that she was eligible to have her conviction of possession of methamphetamine reduced to a misdemeanor, pursuant to Proposition 47. The People concede the error, and we agree that the court erred in refusing to consider defendant's petition.
Background
Defendant was charged by complaint with felony possession of methamphetamine on May 17, 2012, a violation of Health and Safety Code section 11377, subdivision (a). On June 21, 2013, she appeared for sentencing. The court suspended imposition of sentence and placed defendant on felony probation for three years, conditioned on service of 60 days in jail and other terms.
The circumstances of defendant's conviction are not in the record on appeal.
On March 9, 2015, defendant filed a petition for resentencing under section 1170.18, subdivision (a), asserting her eligibility for reduction of her conviction to a misdemeanor. The district attorney opposed the petition, asserting defendant's ineligibility for treatment under the statute because she “has not been sentenced.” After hearing argument on the matter, the trial court decided to “stay with the traditional legal definition of ‘sentenced’ ” and denied the petition. This timely appealed followed.
Discussion
Section 1170.18 is derived from Proposition 47, the Safe Neighborhoods and Schools Act, passed by voter initiative at the November 4, 2014 election. Subdivision (a) of the statute provides: “A person currently serving a sentence for a conviction, whether by trial or plea, of a felony or felonies who would have been guilty of a misdemeanor under the act that added this section (‘this act’) had this act been in effect at the time of the offense may petition for a recall of sentence before the trial court that entered the judgment of conviction in his or her case to request resentencing in accordance with Sections 11350, 11357, or 11377 of the Health and Safety Code ... as those sections have been amended or added by this act.” If the petitioner meets the criteria in subdivision (a) of the statute, the felony sentence “shall be recalled and the petitioner resentenced to a misdemeanor” pursuant to the statutes under which he or she was convicted, as those sections were amended or added by the Act, “unless the court, in its discretion, determines that resentencing the petitioner would pose an unreasonable risk of danger to public safety.” (§ 1170.18, subd. (b)); cf. T .W. v. Superior Court (2015) 236 Cal.App.4th 646, 650, 186 Cal.Rptr.3d 620; People v. Rivera (2015) 233 Cal.App.4th 1085, 1092–1093, 183 Cal.Rptr.3d 362.)
The parties agree that in passing Proposition 47 the voters intended to embrace probationers within the reach of the resentencing provisions of section 1170.18. To interpret the statutory language otherwise would, in their view, lead to absurd consequences. We find merit in this position. As the People acknowledge, there is nothing in either the ballot materials or the statutory language that appears to limit the phrase “currently serving a sentence for a conviction” to those serving a term of imprisonment. Defendant points out that granting probation is in some contexts a “sentencing choice” (see, e.g., Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.405(6) [“ ‘Sentence choice’ means the selection of any disposition of the case that does not amount to a dismissal, acquittal, or grant of a new trial”] ). (Cf. People v. Howard (1997) 16 Cal.4th 1081, 1084, 68 Cal.Rptr.2d 870, 946 P.2d 828 [referring to court's authority “at time of sentencing” either to suspend imposition of sentence or impose sentence and suspend its execution]; In re DeLong (2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 562, 571, 113 Cal.Rptr.2d 385 [“an order granting probation and suspending imposition of sentence is a form of sentencing”].) Both parties observe that the language of another voter initiative, Proposition 36, the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000, used the language “sentenced to probation.” (See People v. Mendoza (2003) 106 Cal.App.4th 1030, 1034, 131 Cal.Rptr.2d 375 [quoting ballot pamphlet to distinguish conviction from sentence and referring to “sentence of probation”].)
The ballot materials for Proposition 47 likewise indicate that the voters regarded probation as one of the options within a sentencing procedure; the legislative analysis refers to offenders who are “sentenced” to supervision by a county probation officer while indicating that both jail time for eligible offenders and the caseloads of probation officers would be reduced by including felony probation as a disposition eligible for resentencing under section 1170.18. (See People v. Shabazz (2015) 237 Cal.App.4th 303, 310, 187 Cal.Rptr.3d 828 [discussing Proposition 47 mechanism for resentencing after being “sentenced or placed on probation”].) The Legislative Analyst discussed these options under the heading of “Misdemeanor Sentencing” and generally noted the fiscal consequences of “the resentencing of individuals currently serving sentences for felonies that are changed to misdemeanors.” (Italics added.) Nothing in the text of the initiative, the legislative analysis, or the arguments for and against it indicate an intent to distinguish between a prison sentence and felony probation, or between a grant of probation after suspending imposition of sentence and an order imposing sentence but suspending its execution. The statute itself allows the recall of a “felony sentence” and allows the petitioner to request “resentencing” in Health and Safety Code section 11377 cases, without segregating those serving prison sentences from those serving probation terms. (§ 1170.18, subds. (a), (b).) And as defendant points out, Proposition 47 was intended to reach those with “nonserious, nonviolent crimes like ... drug possession,” which would encompass many who were granted probation. (Proposition 47, § 3.) To deprive those defendants of the benefit of the reduced penalty for their offenses would create an incongruity the voters would not have either anticipated or approved.
“ ‘In interpreting a voter initiative ... “we turn first to the language of the statute, giving the words their ordinary meaning.” [Citation.] The statutory language must also be construed in the context of the statute as a whole and the overall statutory scheme [in light of the electorate's intent].... When the language is ambiguous, “we refer to other indicia of the voters' intent, particularly the analyses and arguments contained in the official ballot pamphlet.” [Citation.]’ [Citation.]” (Robert L. v. Superior Court (2003) 30 Cal.4th 894, 900–901, 135 Cal.Rptr.2d 30, 69 P.3d 951, quoting Horwich v. Superior Court (1999) 21 Cal.4th 272, 276, 87 Cal.Rptr.2d 222, 980 P.2d 927 and People v. Birkett (1999) 21 Cal.4th 226, 231, 87 Cal.Rptr.2d 205, 980 P.2d 912.)
Neither party suggests any significance in the latter distinction for purposes of Proposition 47 treatment.
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We accordingly adopt the parties' proffered liberal construction of the statute to apply to all those with felony dispositions, including those placed on probation who otherwise meet the conditions specified in the statutory scheme. Because she met the criteria for eligibility under section 1170.18, defendant was entitled to consideration of her petition for resentencing.
Disposition
The order is reversed, and the matter is remanded for consideration of defendant's petition under section 1170.18.
WE CONCUR:
BAMATTRE–MANOUKIAN, J.
MIHARA, J.