The 1961 Act specified that federal habeas courts were also available to hear statutory and constitutional challenges to deportation (and exclusion) orders. See 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(a)(10), (b) (repealed 1996). These statutory changes left habeas untouched as the basic method for obtaining review of continued custody after a deportation order had become final.

Plaintiffs’ reliance on the precursor to § 1252(b)(9) is irrelevant because that provision contained wholly different language. See 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(6) (1995). Congress repealed the old statute and replaced it with a new one in 1996.