The government’s notice obligations apply only if the government (1) “intends to enter into evidence or otherwise use or disclose” (2) “against an aggrieved person “ (3) in a “trial, hearing or other proceeding in or before any Court, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, or other authority of the United States” (4) any “information obtained or derived from” (5) “the use of a pen register or trap and trace device pursuant to” FISA. 50 U.S.C. § 1845(c). When all five criteria are met, the government will notify the defense and the Court (or other authority) in which the information is to be used or disclosed that the United States intends to use or disclose such information.

Thus, any claim by Plaintiffs that the NSA exceeded its statutory authority in collecting their communications under PRISM—should it survive the significant standing problems discussed above—would be impliedly precluded as well. 16 As explained above, even if the complaints did plead a violation of 50 U.S.C. § 1845(a), 18 U.S.C. § 2712 only provides a damages remedy for such a violation, impliedly precluding a remedy for injunctive relief. In addition, as also already explained, the FISC- authorized collection under § 1845(a) lapsed in 2011.

Thus, any claim by Plaintiffs that the NSA exceeded its statutory authority in collecting their communications under PRISM—should it survive the significant standing problems discussed above—would be impliedly precluded as well. 16 As explained above, even if the complaints did plead a violation of 50 U.S.C. § 1845(a), 18 U.S.C. § 2712 only provides a damages remedy for such a violation, impliedly precluding a remedy for injunctive relief. In addition, as also already explained, the FISC- authorized collection under § 1845(a) lapsed in 2011.

Section 2712(a) does not grant consent to suit for violations of 50 U.S.C. § 1809 of FISA—the provision that plaintiffs sue under. Instead, it grants consent to suit for violations of other, unrelated provisions of FISA having to do not with the acquisition of communications but with the unauthorized use or disclosure of: lawfully intercepted communications (50 U.S.C. § 1806(a)); information gathered in physical searches (50 U.S.C. § 1825(a)); or information gathered using pen registers (50 U.S.C. § 1845(a)). Section 2712(a) thus fails the first prong of the exception to APA Section 702: it is not a “statute that grants consent to suit” for plaintiffs’ 50 U.S.C. § 1810 FISA claim.

See 18 U.S.C. § 2712(a); 50 U.S.C. §§ 1806(a), 1825(a), 1845(a). Read as a whole—the insertion of the “willful” disclosure violations and a cause of action linked to similar existing claims under the FISA—indicate that the “object and policy” of Section 223 is to impose liability for unauthorized disclosures of intelligence information by Government agents.

50 U.S.C. § 1806(f). Plaintiffs also rely on a similar provision in 50 U.S.C. § 1845(f). UNITED STATES’ RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS’ MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN RESPONSE TO COURT’S MAY 17, 2006 ORDER, Case No.

...........................................................................................................44 ix STATUTES 5 U.S.C. § 701(a)(1) ...........................................................................................................31, 32, 33 5 U.S.C. § 702 ........................................................................................................................ passim 18 U.S.C. § 2712 ......................................................................................................................33, 34 50 U.S.C. § 1803(e)(1) ...............................................................................................................4, 35 50 U.S.C. § 1806(a) .......................................................................................................................34 50 U.S.C. § 1825(a) .......................................................................................................................34 50 U.S.C. § 1845(a) .......................................................................................................................34 50 U.S.C. § 1861 .................................................................................................................... passim Pub.

(N.D. Cal. 2005) .............................................................................44 Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, 436 U.S. 547 (1978) ...........................................................................................................38 STATUTES 5 U.S.C. § 701(a)(1) .................................................................................................................15, 16 5 U.S.C. § 702 .........................................................................................................................15, 16 50 U.S.C. § 1803 ....................................................................................................................3, 4, 18 50 U.S.C. § 1806(a) ......................................................................................................................17 50 U.S.C. § 1825(a) ......................................................................................................................17 50 U.S.C. § 1845(a) .......................................................................................................................17 50 U.S.C. § 1809 ............................................................................................................................18 50 U.S.C. § 1810 ............................................................................................................................18 50 U.S.C. § 1861 .................................................................................................................... passim 50 U.S.C. § 1862(b)(2)(B) (2000 ed.)

passim 18 U.S.C. § 2520(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 50 U.S.C. § 401a(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 50 U.S.C. § 403(b)(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 50 U.S.C. § 1806 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passim 50 U.S.C. § 1809 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 14 50 U.S.C. § 1810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 50 U.S.C. § 1825(a), (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 50 U.S.C. § 1845(a), (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Rules Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Government Defendants’ Reply in Support of Second Motion to Dismiss and For Summary Judgment Jewel et al. v. National Security Agency et al., Case No. 08-cv-4373-JSW - iv - Case3:08-cv-04373-JSW Document119 Filed10/19/12 Page5 of 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 INTRODUCTION This lawsuit puts at issue alleged intelligence activities of the National Security Agency (“NSA”) purportedly undertaken pursuant to presidential authorization since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Plaintiffs allege that the NSA engages in warrantless “dragnet” surveillance by collecting the content of millions of domestic communications, as well as communication transactional records.

. . . . . . 5 50 U.S.C. § 1806(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 50 U.S.C. § 1809 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 50 U.S.C. § 1809(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 50 U.S.C. §1810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passim 50 U.S.C. §1810(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 50 U.S.C. §1810 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 50 U.S.C. § 1825(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 50 U.S.C. § 1845(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Request for Punitive Damages Al-Haramain v. Obama (07-cv-109-VRW) (MDL 06-cv-1791-VRW) -iv- CaseM:06-cv-01791-VRW Document730 Filed05/21/10 Page5 of 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 REGULATIONS 31 C.F.R. §§ 594.201(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 31 C.F.R. §§ 594.