In cancelling the lease, the Secretary altered the status quo by: (a) destroying valuable property rights; (b) causing an “irreversible and irretrievable” loss of the oil and gas resources; and (c) denying “present and future generations of Americans” the benefits of the those resources. 42 U.S.C. § 4332(C)(v); 42 U.S.C. § 4331(a); see Cal. Co. v. Udall, 296 F.2d 384, 388 (D.C. Cir. 1961) (“The public does not benefit from resources that remain undeveloped, and the Secretary 33 See also EA DOI-BLM-CO-N040-2015-0023 (Jan. 2015) (EA for the cancellation of leases on the Roan Plateau), available at: http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/BLM_Information/nepa/gsfo/completed_2015_nepa.html (last visited Sept. 8, 2016).

NEPA requires federal agencies to coordinate with and to consider the comments and views of local governments that "are authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards." 42 U.S.C. §4332(2)(C); see 42 U.S.C. §4331(a), 40 C.F.R. §§1502.9(b), 1502.

’” Id. (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 4331(b)(4)). Equally unpersuasive is APHIS’ claim that there will be no impacts on organic farmers because the presence of a detectable GE material “does not necessarily constitute a violation of the National Organic Standards.”

Council, Inc., 462 U.S. 87, 97 (1983). 41 42 U.S.C. § 4331(b) (emphasis added). Case 1:16-cv-00675-DDD-JPM Document 27-1 Filed 06/30/17 Page 11 of 29 PageID #: 149 8 PD.21784888.3 NEPA requires all federal agencies to consider the environmental consequences of “major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.”

to assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive and aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings.” 42 U.S.C. § 4331(b)(2) (emphasis Case 4:16-cv-00046-JAS-JR Document 28 Filed 03/27/17 Page 30 of 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 - 31 - added). Similarly, the regulatory definition of “effects” and “impacts” includes ecological, aesthetic, historic, cultural, economic, social, or health, whether direct, indirect, or cumulative.

......4 16 U.S.C. § 6591b(b)(1)(C) .............................................................................................................4 16 U.S.C. § 6591b(c) .......................................................................................................................4 16 U.S.C. § 6591b(c)(1), (2) ............................................................................................................4 16 U.S.C. § 6591b(f) ..................................................................................................................7, 12 42 U.S.C. § 4332(C) ........................................................................................................................2 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321-4347 ..................................................................................................................2 42 U.S.C. § 4331(a) .........................................................................................................................2 42 U.S.C. § 4331(b)(6) ....................................................................................................................2 Agricultural Act of 2014, Pub. L. No. 113-79, Title VIII, §§ 8204, 128 Stat.

It was enacted with the recognition that “each person should enjoy a healthful environment,” to ensure that the federal government uses all practicable means Case 1:16-cv-00376-MCA-WPL Document 22 Filed 11/18/16 Page 13 of 60 4 to “assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, and esthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings,” and to “attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences,” among other policies. 42 U.S.C. § 4331(b). NEPA regulations explain, at 40 C.F.R. §1500.1(c), that: Ultimately, of course, it is not better documents but better decisions that count.

NTEREST DEFENSE CENTER, P.C. P.O. Box 7584 Missoula, MT 59807 (406) 531-8133 publicdefense@gmail.com Timothy M. Bechtold BECHTOLD LAW FIRM, PLLC P.O. Box 7051 Missoula, MT 59807 (406) 721-1435 tim@bechtoldlaw.net Kristine Akland AKLAND LAW FIRM, PLLC PO Box 7274 Missoula, MT 59807 (406) 544-9863 aklandlawfirm@gmail.com Attorneys for Plaintiffs IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MONTANA MISSOULA DIVISION ALLIANCE FOR THE WILD ROCKIES, NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS COUNCIL, Plaintiffs, vs. LEANNE MARTEN, et al., Defendants. CV- 17-21-DLC PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT Case 9:17-cv-00021-DLC Document 20 Filed 06/30/17 Page 1 of 2 Plaintiffs respectfully move this Court for summary judgment on the merits of this case. The U.S. Forest Service’s authorizations, analyses, and lack thereof for the Stonewall Project on the Helena - Lewis & Clark National Forest and the Northern Rockies Lynx Management Direction violate the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. §§4331 et seq., the National Forest Management Act (NFMA), 16 U.S.C. §§1600 et seq., the Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq, and/or the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. §§701 et seq. Plaintiffs file a brief in support of this motion.

CV- 17-47-JCL-DLC PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT Case 9:17-cv-00047-DLC-JCL Document 10 Filed 06/16/17 Page 1 of 2 Plaintiffs respectfully move this Court for summary judgment on the merits of this case. The U.S. Forest Service’s and/or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s authorizations, analyses, and lack thereof for the Telegraph Project on the Helena - Lewis & Clark National Forest violate the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. §§4331 et seq., the National Forest Management Act (NFMA), 16 U.S.C. §§1600 et seq., the Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq, and/or the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. §§701 et seq. Plaintiffs file a brief in support of this motion.

" Id. at 33. The Forest Service clearly considered the environmental impacts ofbanning motorized uses from the Recommended Wilderness Areas. That decision complies with NEPA's requirements and falls within both NEPA's policy objectives and the Forest Service's policy regarding Recommended Wilderness Areas. NEPA's overall objective is "first and foremost to protect the natural environment" Kootenai Tribe ofIdaho, 313 F.3d at 1123; see also 42 U.S.c. § 4331 (setting out NEPA's policy objectives). Furthermore: "Fundamental to the [Forest Service's] responsibility for recommended wilderness is protection and preservation of wilderness character until designated by Congress as wilderness or released from wilderness consideration."