This figure represents the minimum penalty that the Court will impose in this case. It also represents less than three percent of the total amount authorized under 33 U.S.C. § 1319(d), which as of May 31, 2012, was $75,150,500. Additional penalties may be warranted, or not, depending on the level of expense that AGC will incur in connection with addressing contamination at the 900 Adit site during the MEMORANDUM DECISION ON PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR REMEDIES 41 Case 1:11-cv-00161-MHW Document 87 Filed 07/19/12 Page 41 of 46 ninety-day period granted for compliance with the injunction.

And subsection 309(c) provides criminal penalties for violations of section 1311, 1312, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1321(b)(3), 1328, or 1345 of this title [the CWA], or any permit condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 1342 [an NPDES permit] . . . or any requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 1342(a)(3) or 1342(b)(8) of this title or in a permit issued under section 1344 of this title by the Secretary of the Army or by a State. 33 U.S.C. § 1319(c)(1)(A). Notably omitted from these subsections is any reference to CWA section 401 (33 U.S.C. § 1341), much less a reference to section 401 certification conditions.

As in the Ohio Valley case, supra, it follows that the Limitation Act is inapplicable to such claims. The following civil penalty regimes, while not an exclusive list, are subject to OPA’s express statutory exclusion of the Limitation Act as applied to fines, penalties, and other relief: the CWA, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1319(d), 1321(b)(7); the NMSA, 16 U.S.C. § 1437(c) (civil penalties up to $100,000 for each violation, with each day of a continuing violation constituting a separate violation); Marine Mammal Protection Act (“MMPA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1375(a)(1) (civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each such violation); Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1540 (a) (civil penalty of $25,000 for each violation); 46 U.S.C. § 2302(a) (civil penalty for negligent operations and interfering with safe operation of a vessel); Ports and Waterways Safety Act (“PWSA”), 33 U.S.C. § 1236 (civil penalty for violations of regulations); the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships ("APPS"), 33 U.S.C. § 1908 (civil penalty for violations of MARPOL); the Clean Air Act (“CAA”), 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b) (civil penalties up to $25,000 for each violation); the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 6928, 6978 (civil penalties); and the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (“OCSLA”), 43 U.S.C. § 1430(b) (civil p

at 22-23, but it neglects to mention that its authority is limited to § 404 permits issued “by a State.” 33 U.S.C. § 1319(a)(3). In 1977, Congress enacted § 404(s) to give the Corps authority for enforcement against violators of § 404 permits issued by the Corps and amended § 309 to give EPA enforcement authority over § 404 permits issued by a State.

TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE AN OFFENSE: COUNTS 2-28 Case No. CR-14-00175-TEH 30 U.S.C. § 1253(a) .................................................................................................................... 11 30 U.S.C. § 1268(e) .................................................................................................................... 11 30 U.S.C. § 1271(b) .................................................................................................................... 11 33 U.S.C. § 1319(c)(1)(A) .......................................................................................................... 12 33 U.S.C. § 1319(c)(2)(A) .......................................................................................................... 12 33 U.S.C. § 1319(c)(3)(A) .......................................................................................................... 12 33 U.S.C. § 1342(b) .................................................................................................................... 12 33 U.S.C. § 1342(i) ..................................................................................................................... 12 42 U.S.C. § 6926(b) .................................................................................................................... 12 42 U.S.C. § 6928(d)(4) ............................................................................................................... 12 42 U.S.C. § 6928(d)(5) ............................................................................................................... 12 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a) .................................................................................................................... 11 42 U.S.C. § 7410(c) .........................

at 550-51.23 22 Section 1319(g)(1) is a parallel to the citizen-suit provision that authorizes EPA to sue for violations of specifically enumerated provisions of the CWA, including, among others, Sections 1311(a) and 1342. 33 U.S.C. § 1319(g)(1). 23 As the court in Service Oil explained, by its express terms, Section 1311(a) only prohibits the “discharge” of pollutants, except in compliance with other specified provisions of the CWA, including Section 1342.

The CWA imposes strict liability for violations of the Act. See 33 U.S.C. § 1319(d). In passing the Act, Congress recognized the value of citizens acting as private attorneys general, by allowing citizens to bring citizen suits.

14 DRA has not sought, nor could it seek, civil penalties for the alleged violations. In a citizen suit, the court may “apply any appropriate civil penalties under section 1319(d) of this title [CWA section 309(d), 33 U.S.C. § 1319(d)].” 33 U.S.C. § 1365(a).

The Supreme Court’s recent decisions in Hawkes, 136 S. Ct. 1807, and Sackett v. EPA, 132 S. Ct. 1367 (2012), do not affect this conclusion. In Sackett, the Court held that a CWA administrative compliance order issued by EPA under 33 U.S.C. § 1319 was a final agency action reviewable under the APA. Sackett, 132 S. Ct. at 1371-72.

"). 'See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. §§ 6934, 6973 (RCRA); 33 U.S.C. § 1319 (Clean Water Act); see also 42 U.S.C. § 9606(a) (CERCLA). 12 Case 3:11-cv-00116-F Document 7 Filed 03/21/11 Page 17 of 31 PageID 49 Section 1431 is similar to these other environmental statutes.