Written findings would allow for meaningful appellate review of such an error; a review that cannot take place under California’s current procedures. *° See Code of Ala., sec. 13A-5-47(d) (1994); Ariz. Rev. Stat., sec. 13-703(D) (1995); Conn. Gen. Stat., sec. 53a-46a(e) (1994); 11 Del. Code, sec. 4209(d) (3) (1994); Fla. Stat., sec. 921.141(3) (1994); Ga. Code Ann. §17-10-30(c) (Harrison 1990); Idaho Code, sec. 19-2515 (e) (1994); Ind. Code Ann., sec. 35-38-1-3(3) (Burns 1995) (per Schiro v. State (Ind. 1983) 451 N.E.2d 1047, 1052-53); Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 532.025(3) (Michie 1988); La. Code Crim. Proc. Ann.art. 905.7 (West 1993); Md. Code Ann., art. 27, secs. 413(4) and G) (1995); Miss. Code Ann., sec. 99-19-101(3) (1994); Rev. Stat. Mo., sec. 565.030 (4) (1994); Mont. Code Ann., sec. 46- 18-306(1994); Neb. Rev.Stat., sec. 29-2522 (1994); Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 175.554(3) (Michie 1992); N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 630:5([V) (1992); N.M. Stat. Ann. § 31-20A-3 (Michie 1990); N.J. Stat., sec. 2C:11-3© (3) (1994); N.C. Gen. Stat., sec. ISA-2000© (1994); 21 Okla. Stat., sec. 701.11 (1994); 42 Pa. Stat., sec. 9711(F) (1) (1992); S.C. Code Ann. § 16-3-20© (Law. Co- op. 1992); S.D

lysis ofCapital Sentencing, 94 Yale L.J. 351 (1984) Oklahoma Uniform Jury Instruction Crim (2nd ed.) No. 1 O’Malley, et. al., and Lee, Federal Jury Practice and Instructions (West, Sth ed. 2000) Quigley, Human Rights Defenses in U.S. Courts (1998) 20 Hum. Rts. Q. 555 Stevenson, The Ultimate Authority on the Ultimate Punishment: The Requisite Role ofthe Jury in Capital Sentencing (2003) 54 Ala L. Rev. 1091 Uniform Criminal Jury Instructions (Oregon) No. 1006 Washington Pattern Jury Instructions -- Criminal, WPIC 1.01 (West, 2nd ed. 1994) Wisconsin Jury Instructions- Criminal, WIS-JI-Criminal 140 (Univ. of Wisconsin Law School, 2000) lxv Page 476 481 318, 319 471 319 465 319 310 482 443 319 319 320 TABLE OF STATUTES (CONTINUED) United States Code 21 U.S.C. section 848(a) 21 U.S.C. section 848(k) Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Rule 23 Treaties International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”) State Statutes Ala. Code, § 13A-5-45(e) (1975) Ala. Code, § 13A-5-46(f) (1982) Ala. Code, § 13A-5-47(d) (1982) Ala. Code, § 13A-5-53(b)(3) (1982) Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 13-703 (1989) Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 13-703.01(E) (2002) Ark. Code Ann., § 5-4-603 (Michie 1987) Ark. Code Ann., § 5-4-603(a) (Michie 1993) Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann., § 16-11-104-1.