The United States has signed and ratified multilateral instruments, such as the ICCPR and the American Declaration on Human Rights that require it, as a matter of law, to provide detainees with effective access to the courts. See, e.g., Int'l Covenant on Civ. and Pol. Rights, art. 9(4), 1999 U.N.T.S. 171 ("Anyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings before a court, in order 369 A172379801.I that the court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his detention and order his release if the detention is not lawful."); American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, art. 18, O.A.S. Res. XXX, reprinted in OEA/Ser. L. V/II. 82 doc. 6 rev.