Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor

Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval

Jenkins v. McKeithen

Holding that in 12(b) motions, material allegations are taken as true and liberally construed in favor of non-moving party

Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA

Holding that the Rule 9(b) pleading standards apply to California CLRA, FAL, and UCL claims because, though fraud is not an essential element of those statutes, a plaintiff alleges a fraudulent course of conduct as the basis of those claims

Mendiondo v. Centinela

Holding that the heightened pleading requirements of Rule 9(b) do not apply

McKell v. Washington Mutual Inc.

Holding that a loan transaction is a business practice under the UCL

Carma Developers, Inc. v. Marathon Development California, Inc.

Holding that a clause in a commercial lease allowing the lessor to terminate the lease and recapture the leasehold upon notice by the lessee of intent to sublet or assign had to be exercised in good faith

Xechem, Inc. v. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.

Holding that a plaintiff pleads himself out of court when his complaint includes all the necessary ingredients of an impenetrable defense

Peterson v. Cellco Partnership

Holding that plaintiffs who challenged sales commissions on insurance policies but did not allege that "they could have bought the same insurance for a lower price either directly from the insurer or from a licensed agent" could not "show they suffered actual economic injury"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Section 17200 - Unfair competition defined

Prohibiting unlawful business practices

Section 1750 - Title of act

Section 17203 - Injunctive relief

Requiring that an individual plead that she lost "money or property" because of the alleged deceptive conduct

Section 17204 - Actions for Injunctions by Attorney General, District Attorney, County Counsel, and City Attorneys

Authorizing a private right of action for equitable relief by those who have "lost money or property as a result of . . . unfair competition"

Section 1780 - Action by consumer; remedies; senior citizens or disabled persons; costs and attorney's fees

Granting standing to consumers who have suffered damage "as a result of" a violation

Section 1654 - Interpretation against party causing uncertainty

Codifying the doctrine of contra proferentem