Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

District of Columbia et al. v. Heller

Holding it irrelevant to the constitutionality of D.C.'s "handgun" ban that the law allowed citizens the possession of substitutes, like "long guns"

Younger v. Harris

Holding that it was improper for the district court in that case to enjoin a state prosecution against Younger, in light of "the national policy forbidding federal courts to stay or enjoin pending state court proceedings except under special circumstances"

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Colorado River Water Cons. Dist. v. U.S.

Holding that, in limited circumstances, federal courts should abstain from deciding a case when there are related proceedings pending in state court

Middlesex Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Assn

Holding that because an important state interest was involved and no bad faith, harassment, or other exceptional circumstances dictated to the contrary, federal courts should abstain from interfering with ongoing state bar disciplinary proceedings

Ankenbrandt v. Richards

Holding that divorce, alimony, and child custody decrees fall under "domestic relations exception" to federal courts' subject matter jurisdiction

New Orleans Pub. Serv., Inc. v. New Orleans

Holding that Burford abstention is not appropriate where the plaintiff's claim "does not involve a state-law claim," and rejecting the Fifth Circuit's declaration that "`the absence of a state law claim [is] not fatal'" to the application of Burford abstention

Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman

Holding that an organization suffers injury in fact when its key activities are "perceptibly impaired" and its resources "consequent[ly] drain[ed]"

Patsy v. Florida Board of Regents

Holding that plaintiffs suing under § 1983 are not required to have exhausted state administrative remedies

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 5-306 - Qualifications for permit