37 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 252,709 times   279 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 266,625 times   365 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
  3. Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services

    436 U.S. 658 (1978)   Cited 67,089 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "local government . . . are 'persons'" for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983
  4. Board of Comm'rs of Bryan County v. Brown

    520 U.S. 397 (1997)   Cited 12,182 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a "high degree of predictability may also support an inference of causation—that the municipality's indifference led directly to the very consequence that was so predictable"
  5. County of Sacramento v. Lewis

    523 U.S. 833 (1998)   Cited 8,704 times   7 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "only a purpose to cause harm unrelated to the legitimate object of arrest will satisfy the element of arbitrary conduct shocking to the conscience, necessary for a due process violation"
  6. Papasan v. Allain

    478 U.S. 265 (1986)   Cited 16,680 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Holding that Ex parte Young would not support a suit against a state for ongoing liability for an alleged past breach of trust, since "continuing payment of the income from the lost corpus is essentially equivalent in economic terms to a one-time restoration of the lost corpus itself"
  7. Bell v. Wolfish

    441 U.S. 520 (1979)   Cited 17,408 times   10 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a "prohibition against receipt of hardback books unless mailed directly from publishers, book clubs, or bookstores does not violate the First Amendment rights of MCC inmates"
  8. Oklahoma City v. Tuttle

    471 U.S. 808 (1985)   Cited 5,904 times
    Holding that an unjustified shooting by a police officer cannot, without more, be thought to result from official policy
  9. Kowal v. MCI Communications Corp.

    16 F.3d 1271 (D.C. Cir. 1994)   Cited 1,801 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that statements of optimism give rise to a strong inference of scienter if they lacked a reasonable basis when made
  10. Bolling v. Sharpe

    347 U.S. 497 (1954)   Cited 1,873 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the District of Columbia's maintenance of segregated schools violated the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause
  11. Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

    42 U.S.C. § 1983   Cited 486,856 times   688 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation
  12. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 345,885 times   922 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  13. Section 5-101.01 - Police District created

    D.C. Code § 5-101.01   Cited 1 times

    The District is constituted a police district, to be called "The Metropolitan Police District of the District of Columbia." D.C. Code § 5-101.01 R.S., D.C., § 321. Council Police Misconduct and Personnel Management Special Committee Creation Emergency Resolution of 1997: Pursuant to Resolution 12-344, effective December 16, 1997, the Council approved the creation of a special committee for the Council of Police Misconduct and Personnel Management. Special Committee on Police Misconduct and Personnel