Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Beddall v. State Street Bank and Trust Company

Holding that the district court properly considered an agreement on a Rule 12(b) motion where the agreement was not attached to the complaint nor incorporated therein, but the complaint discussed it, the defendant appended it to its 12(b) motion, and the plaintiff did not challenge its authenticity

Brooks v. AIG SunAmerica Life Assurance Co.

Noting that a breach of contract claim requires a showing of the existence of a valid and binding contract, that the defendant breached the contract's terms, and that the plaintiff suffered damages as a result of that breach

GFL Advantage Fund, Ltd. v. Colkitt

Holding that to prove fraud, the defendant must be "engaged in deceptive or manipulative conduct by injecting inaccurate information into the marketplace or creating a false impression of supply and demand for the security"

Todisco v. Verizon Comm

Noting that Glista and Bard held "only that when a court is confronted with a claim for benefits pursuant to section 502(B) [of ERISA], the court may invoke certain substantive equitable principles, in certain narrow factual circumstances, in order to adjudicate that claim for benefits"

Financial Planning v. S.E.C

Overturning SEC’s broad regulatory exemption contrary to Congress’s narrower exemption

Stegall v. Ladner

Holding that § 36 does not create a private right of action

ING Principal Protection Funds Derivative Litigation

Dismissing derivative claims against a mutual fund organized as a Massachusetts business trust based on the fact that plaintiffs had failed to make a demand

Zerman v. Jacobs

Holding that under Section 29(b) "only unlawful contracts may be rescinded, not unlawful transactions made pursuant to lawful contracts"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Section 1367 - Supplemental jurisdiction

Holding that in civil actions proceeding in federal court based solely on diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, the district court "shall not have supplemental jurisdiction" over "claims by plaintiffs against persons made parties under Rule . . . 24" or "over claims by persons . . seeking to intervene as plaintiffs under Rule 24," if "exercising supplemental jurisdiction over such claims would be inconsistent with the jurisdictional requirements of section 1332"

Section 1337 - Commerce and antitrust regulations; amount in controversy, costs

Granting jurisdiction for claims arising under statutes regulating interstate commerce

Section 80a-1 - Findings and declaration of policy

Declaring as a policy rationale for the Investment Company Act the prevention of conflicts of interest between investment companies and advisers

Section 80b-1 - Findings

Finding that investment advisory activities affect interstate commerce

Section 80b-2 - Definitions

Defining "foreign private adviser" in terms of the number of "investors in the United States in private funds"

Section 80a-22 - Distribution, redemption, and repurchase of securities; regulations by securities associations

Authorizing NASD, subject to SEC approval, to impose limits on mutual fund sales charges

Section 270.17d-3 - Exemption relating to certain joint enterprises or arrangements concerning payment for distribution of shares of a registered open-end management investment company