Holding that responses to pleadings must contain all affirmative defenses and that "[f]ailure to plead an affirmative defense in the first responsive pleading to a complaint generally results in a waiver of that defense."
Holding that an officer who did not administer abuse could be liable for alleged abuse by another officer if the officer's "personal involvement" in the arrest goes beyond "mere presence" or "mere backup"
Holding that a same-sex hostile work environment claim failed as a matter of law where a co-worker twice grabbed the plaintiff's genitals because the plaintiff failed to demonstrate that he was discriminated against because of his sex even though the conduct "was the classic example of men behaving badly"
Holding Michigan Board's review of the contents of the petition signatures to determine whether they were valid and from registered voters was content-neutral and did not violate the First Amendment
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 35,573 times 1241 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"