Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America

Holding that absent a reservation of jurisdiction in the stipulated dismissal order, federal courts lack jurisdiction to consider enforcement of a settlement agreement

Steel Co. v. Citizens for Better Env't

Holding that a court "act ultra vires" when it assumes "hypothetical jurisdiction" in order to rule on the merits

Fed. Deposit Ins. v. Meyer

Holding a Bivens claim does not lie against federal agencies because, if damages claims were permitted against federal agencies, "there would be no reason for aggrieved parties to bring damages actions against individual officers" and thus "the deterrent effects of the Bivens remedy would be lost"

Bennett v. Spear

Holding that a Final Biological Opinion has "legal consequences," even though the action agency is not legally obligated to accept the opinion's recommendations or conclusions, because the opinion "alter the legal regime to which the action agency is subject"

Texas v. United States

Holding that a claim that "rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all" is not ripe for adjudication

United States v. Nordic Village, Inc.

Holding that the existence of "plausible" interpretations that would not permit recovery "is enough to establish that a reading imposing monetary liability on the Government is not ‘unambiguous' and therefore should not be adopted"

Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner

Holding that plaintiffs subject to a regulation had standing to challenge it even though the Attorney General had yet to "authorize criminal and seizure actions for violations of the statute"

National Park Hospitality Assn. v. Dept. of Interior

Holding that although the question presented was purely legal and the rule constituted final action, further factual development would "significantly advance our ability to deal with the legal issues presented" so the matter was not ripe for judicial review

Ohio Forestry Assn., Inc. v. Sierra Club

Holding that a procedural dispute is ripe “at the time the [procedural] failure takes place”

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Section 2201 - Creation of remedy

Granting district courts the authority to create a remedy with the force of a final judgment

Section 704 - Actions reviewable

Granting judicial review over " final agency action"

Section 1251 - Congressional declaration of goals and policy

Designating the Administrator of the EPA to "administer this chapter"

Section 1311 - Effluent limitations

Imposing general prohibition on "the discharge of any pollutant by any person"

Section 1319 - Enforcement

Providing judicial review to "[a]ny person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this subsection or who commented on the proposed assessment of such penalty"

Section 1344 - Permits for dredged or fill material

Providing that federal agencies issue permits for navigable waters—defined as those waters used or susceptible to use in interstate commerce

Section 323.2 - Definitions

Limiting "general" permits to activities that "cause only minimal individual and cumulative environmental impacts"

Section 325.2 - Processing of applications

Processing of applications

Section 326.3 - Unauthorized activities

Section 232.2 - Definitions

Defining "waters of the United States"

Section 331.12 - Exhaustion of administrative remedies

Denying federal court jurisdiction over takings challenge to permit denial until "after a final Corps decision has been made"