United States v. Lopez

Holding that the Gun-Free School Zones Act "exceeds the authority of Congress to ‘regulate Commerce’ " as it "neither regulates a commercial activity nor" "contains jurisdictional element which would ensure, through case-by-case inquiry, that the firearm possession in question affects interstate commerce" (quoting U.S. Const. Art. I § 8 cl. 3 )

Nat'l Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius

Holding that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 was not a valid exercise of the Commerce Clause power after focusing solely on whether it regulated "economic activity" without discussing the remaining Morrison factors

Gonzales v. Raich

Holding that because “Congress had a rational basis” for concluding that a statute implements Commerce Clause power, the statute falls within the scope of congressional “authority to ‘make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper’ to ‘regulate Commerce ... among the several States' ”

U.S. v. Morrison

Holding that Congress exceeded its interstate commerce powers in enacting a civil remedy for victims of gender-motivated violence

New York v. United States

Holding that the federal government could not commandeer States to enact or enforce a federal regulatory scheme

Printz v. United States

Holding unconstitutional a statute obligating state law enforcement officers to implement a federal gun-control law

Reno v. Condon

Holding that a federal statute did not commandeer state officials where it neither required state legislatures to enact laws or regulations nor required state officials to assist in the enforcement of federal statutes

South Carolina v. Baker

Holding that a federal tax law was constitutional where it "regulates state activities" and does not "seek to control or influence the manner in which States regulate private parties"

United States v. Butler

Holding that Congress’s power to place conditions on disbursement of federal funds "is not limited by the direct grants of legislative power found in the Constitution"

Ex Parte Quirin

Holding that a saboteur's U.S. citizenship was irrelevant to a commission's authority to try him for law-of-war offenses

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 8 - Powers of Congress

Granting Congress the power to “provide for the common Defence,” to “regulate Commerce with foreign Nations,” and to “establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization”

Section 2721 - Prohibition on release and use of certain personal information from State motor vehicle records

Exempting any government agency, including law enforcement, "in carrying out its functions"

Section 2724 - Civil action

Outlining remedies available under the DPPA

Section 2725 - Definitions

Defining "personal information" as "information that identifies an individual," and providing various examples

Section 2722 - Additional unlawful acts

Rendering it unlawful for "any person knowingly to obtain or disclose personal information, from a motor vehicle record, for any use not permitted under section 2721(b) of this title."

Section 2723 - Penalties

Section 322.20 - Records of the department; fees; destruction of records

Section 3 CCR 714-1-P-1

Providing that defendant “will repair any leaks resulting from defects in the materials or workmanship”