Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.

Holding that summary judgment is not appropriate if "the dispute about a material fact is ‘genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party"

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett

Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"

Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc.

Holding that, since the 58-year-old plaintiff was fired by his 60-year-old employer, there was an inference that "age discrimination was not the motive"

Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White

Holding that a jury could find a reassignment from a position with "an indication of prestige" to one involving less desirable responsibilities "would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee"

Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan

Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim

McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green

Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision

St. Mary's Honor Ctr. v. Hicks

Holding that a trier of fact may infer discrimination upon rejecting an employer's proffered reason for termination

Tex. Dept. of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine

Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"

Burlington Indus., Inc. v. Ellerth

Holding that an employer is not liable for a hostile work environment created by one of its employees when "the employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and correct promptly any sexually harassing behavior, and . . . the plaintiff employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventive or corrective opportunities provided by the employer or to avoid harm otherwise"

Clark Cty. Sch. Dist. v. Breeden

Holding that the temporal proximity requirement to establish a prima facie case "between an employer's knowledge of protected activity and an adverse employment action as sufficient evidence" must be "very close"

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Section 2000e-2 - Unlawful employment practices

Adopting case law prior to June 4, 1989, “with respect to the concept of ‘alternative employment practice’ ”

Section 12101 - Findings and purpose

Finding a pattern of " unnecessary discrimination and prejudice" that "costs the United States billions of dollars in unnecessary expenses resulting from dependency and nonproductivity"

Section 794 - Nondiscrimination under Federal grants and programs

Adopting ADA standards for Rehabilitation Act claims

Rule 33 - Interrogatories to Parties

Adopting Rule 30(b)

Section 12132 - Discrimination

Prohibiting disability discrimination by public entities

Section 1400 - Short title; findings; purposes

Finding of Congress that "the education of children with disabilities can be made more effective by ... ensuring that families ... have meaningful opportunities to participate"

Section 12203 - Prohibition against retaliation and coercion

Providing that "No person shall discriminate against any individual because . . . such individual made a charge . . . under [the ADA]" and making it unlawful for an employer to retaliate against an employee because the employee requested an accommodation

Section 794a - Remedies and attorney fees

Adopting the "remedies, procedures, and rights" under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for federal employees filing civil actions

Section 2302 - Prohibited personnel practices

Protecting the disclosure of "any violation of any law, rule, or regulation ... if such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law"

Section 104.33 - Free appropriate public education

Finding that regulation implementing Section 504 requiting the recipients of federal assistance that operate public schools to provide a free appropriate public education

Section 104.35 - Evaluation and placement

Describing the placement procedures and requiring, in part, "that the placement decision [be] made by a group of persons, including persons knowledgeable about the child"

Section 104.32 - Location and notification