Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins

Holding that a statutory violation, without more, did not give rise to Article III standing

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Gonzaga University v. Doe

Holding that nothing "short of an unambiguously conferred right ... support a cause of action brought under § 1983"

Valley Forge College v. Americans United

Holding that "the psychological consequence presumably produced by observation of conduct with which one disagrees ... is not an injury sufficient to confer standing under Art. III, even though the disagreement is phrased in constitutional terms"

Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA

Holding that the Rule 9(b) pleading standards apply to California CLRA, FAL, and UCL claims because, though fraud is not an essential element of those statutes, a plaintiff alleges a fraudulent course of conduct as the basis of those claims

In re Gilead Sciences

Holding that a court need not accept as true "allegations that are merely conclusory"

Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores

Holding that only purchasers and sellers of a security have a private right of action under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b–5

Kearns v. Ford Motor Co.

Holding that circumstances constituting fraud must be stated with particularity

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Permitting "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind [to] be alleged generally"

Rule 201 - Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts

Holding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."

Section 2510 - Definitions

Defining "[i]nvestigative or law enforcement officer" as an officer "empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for [certain] offenses . . . and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses"

Section 2511 - Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited

Imposing a penalty on persons who “intentionally intercept ... any wire, oral, or electronic communication”

Section 17500 - Untrue or misleading advertising

Requiring action that originated in California to effect consumers in another state

Section 17535 - Injunctive relief

Granting the city attorney authority to sue under the FAL in terms largely identical to those used in the UCL

Section 631 - Unlawful tapping

Prohibiting "any person who . . . makes any unauthorized connection . . . or who willfully and without the consent of all parties to the communication . . . reads, or attempts to read, or to learn the contents or meaning of any message is in transit or passing over any wire, line, or cable . . . "

Section 2710 - Wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records

Prohibiting disclosure of "personally identifiable information concerning" consumer of video rental establishment without consent

Section 1799.3 - Disclosure of personal information by providers of video recording sales or rental services