429 U.S. 252 (1977) Cited 4,288 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiffs need show only that "a discriminatory purpose has been a motivating factor in the decision," because, after all, "[r]arely can it be said that a legislature or administrative body operating under a broad mandate made a decision motivated solely by a single concern, or even that a particular purpose was the ‘dominant’ or ‘primary’ one."
471 U.S. 222 (1985) Cited 350 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding Alabama felon disenfranchisement law unconstitutional because it "was motivated by a desire to discriminate against blacks on account of race and the section continues to this day to have that effect"
Holding that "repeated threats of transfer because of [the plaintiff's] complaints about the administration of the [prison] library" were sufficient to ground a retaliation claim
Holding that the privilege applies to "a communication between client and counsel that . . . was intended to be and was in fact kept confidential, and . . . was made for the purpose of obtaining or providing advice"
Finding that where a court does not have the benefit of involvement with the underlying litigation because its only connection is to supervise discovery ancillary to litigation in another district, it should be especially hesitant to decide what constitutes relevant evidence
Fed. R. Civ. P. 45 Cited 16,547 times 105 Legal Analyses
Holding that a subpoena may command a person to attend a trial, hearing, or deposition "within 100 miles of where the person resides, is employed, or regularly transacts business in person"