Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Vermont Agency of Nat. Res. v. U.S. ex rel. Stevens

Holding that States are not subject to private FCA actions

Rockwell Int'l Corp. et al. v. United States

Holding that the term "allegations" as used in § 3730(e) "is not limited to the allegations in the original complaint" and "includes (at a minimum) the allegations in the original complaint as amended"

Allison Engine Co. v. U.S. ex Rel. Sanders

Holding that an action under subsection requires a relater to allege "that the defendant intended that the false record or statement be material to the Government's decision to pay or approve the false claim"

Nielsen v. Rabin

Holding that the plaintiff cannot survive a motion to dismiss by relying on conclusory allegations

Schindler Elevator v. U.S. ex Rel. Kirk

Holding that the relator stated an FCA claim where the contractor “filed false ... reports, necessarily knowing that they were false because [it] in fact had no mechanism in place to identify covered [individuals]. It did so in order to procure contracts and obtain payment under existing contracts, as it could do neither without filing the reports.”

Matson v. Board of Education

Holding that fibromyalgia, although a serious condition, was not a fatal disease that "carr[ies] with it the sort of opprobrium that confers upon those who suffer from it a constitutional right of privacy as to that medical condition," and that revealing the condition of fibromyalgia would not "expose a person . . . to discrimination and intolerance"

U.S. ex Rel. Grubbs v. Kanneganti

Holding that defendants received adequate notice in a False Claims Act case where the complaint alleged a scheme to submit false claims and enough details that the defendants—who "will be in possession of the most relevant records, such as patients’ charts, doctors’ notes, and internal billing records"—could adequately investigate and defend the claims

Hayden v. County of Nassau

Holding that designing a policy with a racially discriminatory purpose should not be construed as a facial classification when the policy does not explicitly, or in its application, distinguish between people on the basis of a protected category

Pangburn v. Culbertson

Holding that it is appropriate to deny leave to amend where "it is ‘beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support’ of his amended claims" (quoting Ricciuti v. N.Y.C. Transit Auth. , 941 F.2d 119, 123 (2d Cir. 1991) )

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 15 - Amended and Supplemental Pleadings

Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint

Section 3729 - False claims

Holding liable "any person" who knowingly causes false claims to be presented

Section 3730 - Civil actions for false claims

Granting the government primary responsibility for conducting suit

Section 78o-7 - Registration of nationally recognized statistical rating organizations