United States v. Leon

Holding that when a warrant is "subsequently invalidated," suppression is not necessary so long as the warrant was issued by a neutral magistrate and the officers' reliance on the warrant was objectively reasonable

Franks v. Delaware

Holding that "the defendant is entitled, under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments, to his hearing" if he makes the required preliminary showing

United States v. Gypsum Co.

Holding that oral testimony in conflict with contemporaneous documentary evidence deserves little weight

Scott v. United States

Holding “the fact that the officer does not have the state of mind which is hypothecated by the reasons which provide the legal justification for the officer's action does not invalidate the action taken as long as the circumstances, viewed objectively, justify that action.”

Massachusetts v. Sheppard

Holding that the good faith exception applied in a case where the warrant lacked particularity because the officers reasonably believed the warrant was valid

Central Intelligence Agency v. Sims

Holding that an earlier version of the relevant National Security Act provision "qualifies as a withholding statute under Exemption 3"

U.S. v. Salameh

Holding that photographs were properly admitted to establish relationship among conspirators

U.S. v. Garcia

Holding that a district court abused its discretion in admitting a police officer's opinion "reached in the course of his investigation" as lay testimony, because, although the officer may have personally investigated the conspiracy in question, he based his opinion of the facts he observed on "his specialized training and experience"

United States v. El-Mezain

Holding that documents seized from the Palestinian Authority in a military operation should have been excluded because they did not meet the trustworthiness requirements of Rule 807, as "there is nothing known about the circumstances under which the documents were created," including "whether the documents were created by some third person or agency and were merely collected ... as intelligence" and "in the case of two of the documents, the identities of the authors"

U.S. v. Rahman

Holding that the loss of recordings made without the awareness of the criminal investigators could not be charged to the prosecution

Section 1801 - Definitions

Defining "United States person" to be a "citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence" or certain unincorporated associations or corporations with ties to the United States

Section 793 - Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information

Referring to § 793 "for the purpose aforesaid"

Section 1806 - Use of information

Allowing in camera , ex parte review of the legality of electronic surveillance under FISA Subchapter I if "the Attorney General files an affidavit under oath that disclosure or an adversary hearing would harm the national security of the United States"

Section 934 - Art. 134. General article

Prohibiting conduct which is of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces, or conduct which is prejudicial to good order and discipline

Section 1804 - Applications for court orders

Authorizing electronic surveillance under FISA

Section 1805 - Issuance of order

Requiring "probable cause to believe . . . the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power"

Section 1803 - Designation of judges

Section 1821 - Definitions

Adopting definitions from 50 U.S.C. § 1801

Section 1824 - Issuance of order

Concerning physical searches

Section 1823 - Application for order

Relating to physical searches under such Act