Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.

Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"

Rotella v. Wood

Holding RICO claims accrue upon a plaintiff's discovery of their injury, not discovery of Defendants' actions

Allison Engine Co. v. U.S. ex Rel. Sanders

Holding that an action under subsection requires a relater to allege "that the defendant intended that the false record or statement be material to the Government's decision to pay or approve the false claim"

Schindler Elevator v. U.S. ex Rel. Kirk

Holding that the relator stated an FCA claim where the contractor “filed false ... reports, necessarily knowing that they were false because [it] in fact had no mechanism in place to identify covered [individuals]. It did so in order to procure contracts and obtain payment under existing contracts, as it could do neither without filing the reports.”

U.S. v. Dunkel

Holding that "Judges are not like pigs, hunting for truffles buried in" the record

In re Rockefeller Center Properties, Inc.

Holding that a plaintiff must set forth the "who, what, when, where, and how" of the alleged fraud

Cook County v. U.S. ex Rel. Chandler

Holding that local governments are subject to qui tam liability

U.S. ex Rel. Grubbs v. Kanneganti

Holding that defendants received adequate notice in a False Claims Act case where the complaint alleged a scheme to submit false claims and enough details that the defendants—who "will be in possession of the most relevant records, such as patients’ charts, doctors’ notes, and internal billing records"—could adequately investigate and defend the claims

U.S. ex Rel. Clausen v. Laboratory Corp.

Holding Rule 9(b) applies to False Claims Act claims

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1367 - Supplemental jurisdiction

Holding that in civil actions proceeding in federal court based solely on diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, the district court "shall not have supplemental jurisdiction" over "claims by plaintiffs against persons made parties under Rule . . . 24" or "over claims by persons . . seeking to intervene as plaintiffs under Rule 24," if "exercising supplemental jurisdiction over such claims would be inconsistent with the jurisdictional requirements of section 1332"

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Section 3729 - False claims

Holding liable "any person" who knowingly causes false claims to be presented

Section 1396 - Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission

Distinguishing explicitly between state- and federally-funded patient populations

Section 301 - Short title

Section 355 - New drugs

Granting the court discretion to change the date on which an ANDA may be approved if "either party to the action failed to reasonably cooperate in expediting the action"

Section 331 - Prohibited acts

Prohibiting the sale of adulterated foods

Section 1320a-7b - Criminal penalties for acts involving Federal health care programs

Prohibiting the solicitation or receipt of "remuneration" in exchange for referrals

Section 393 - Food and Drug Administration

Defining the FDA's mission