Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation

Holding the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit affidavits in support of standing when filed after summary judgment briefing and hearing were complete

Summers v. Earth Island Inst.

Holding that supplementation of the district court record to receive affidavits from the organization's members was not permitted "in the circumstances here: after the trial is over, judgment has been entered, and a notice of appeal has been filed"

Bennett v. Spear

Holding that a Final Biological Opinion has "legal consequences," even though the action agency is not legally obligated to accept the opinion's recommendations or conclusions, because the opinion "alter the legal regime to which the action agency is subject"

Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe

Holding a decision is committed to agency discretion when there is "no law to apply"

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency

Holding that denials of petitions for rulemaking are judicially reviewable

Texas v. United States

Holding that a claim that "rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all" is not ripe for adjudication

National Park Hospitality Assn. v. Dept. of Interior

Holding that although the question presented was purely legal and the rule constituted final action, further factual development would "significantly advance our ability to deal with the legal issues presented" so the matter was not ripe for judicial review

Palazzolo v. Rhode Island

Holding regulatory takings inquiries are “informed by the purpose of the Takings Clause, which is to prevent the government from ‘forcing some people alone to bear public burdens which, in all fairness and justice, should be borne by the public as a whole.’ ” (quoting Armstrong v. United States, 364 U.S. 40, 49, 80 S.Ct. 1563, 4 L.Ed.2d 1554 (1960))

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 704 - Actions reviewable

Granting judicial review over " final agency action"

Section 553 - Rule making

Exempting "interpretative rules," among other things, from the notice-and-comment requirement

Section 1313 - Water quality standards and implementation plans

Requiring a State to submit new or revised water regulations for EPA's review

Section 1701 - Congressional declaration of policy

Holding that plaintiffs sufficiently pleaded prudential standing as to the FLPMA due only to their "aesthetic and "recreational interest" in land

Section 1131 - National Wilderness Preservation System

Recognizing agency's power to regulate wilderness area as the agency had been empowered prior to the designation as a wilderness area

Section 226 - Lease of oil and gas lands

Holding the Secretary responsible for oil and gas leasing

Section 1712 - Land use plans

Granting BLM authority to issue land management plans

Section 1133 - Use of wilderness areas

Prohibiting "permanent road," "motor vehicles," and "motorized equipment" in wilderness areas "subject to existing private rights"

Section 1610.3 - Coordination with other Federal agencies, State and local governments, and Indian tribes