Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that courts are not required "to credit a complaint's conclusory statements without reference to its factual context"

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Papasan v. Allain

Holding that Ex parte Young would not support a suit against a state for ongoing liability for an alleged past breach of trust, since "continuing payment of the income from the lost corpus is essentially equivalent in economic terms to a one-time restoration of the lost corpus itself"

Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA

Holding no standing existed where alleged injury was "based on hypothetical future harm that is not certainly impending."

Wilton v. Seven Falls Co.

Holding that in declaratory judgment actions, district courts have “greater” discretion to abstain than under Colorado River's “exceptional circumstances” test

Colorado River Water Cons. Dist. v. U.S.

Holding that, in limited circumstances, federal courts should abstain from deciding a case when there are related proceedings pending in state court

Nixon v. Warner Communications, Inc.

Holding that "business information that might harm a litigant's competitive standing" can constitute a sufficient reason to preserve records under seal

Wash. State Grange v. Wa. State Repub. Party

Holding that courts should neither "anticipate a question of constitutional law in advance of the necessity of deciding it" nor "formulate a rule of constitutional law broader than is required by the precise facts to which it is to be applied"

U.S. v. Stevens

Holding law unconstitutional under First Amendment where "impermissible applications ... far outnumber[ed] any permissible ones"

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Section 1391 - Venue generally

Finding that venue lies where a "substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim" occurred

Section 1801 - Definitions

Explaining that lawful permanent residents are included in "United States persons"

Section 793 - Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information

Referring to § 793 "for the purpose aforesaid"

Section 1806 - Use of information

Allowing in camera , ex parte review of the legality of electronic surveillance under FISA Subchapter I if "the Attorney General files an affidavit under oath that disclosure or an adversary hearing would harm the national security of the United States"

Section 3123 - Issuance of an order for a pen register or a trap and trace device

Requiring certification by the applicant "that the information likely to be obtained ... is relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation"

Section 2705 - Delayed notice

Requiring government to demonstrate "reason to believe" that disclosure of the warrant will "seriously jeopardiz[e] an investigation" or result in another enumerated harm

Section 1805 - Issuance of order

Requiring "probable cause to believe . . . the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power"

Section 1803 - Designation of judges

Section 2709 - Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records

Containing the NSL non-disclosure requirement mandating that "no [ECSP] . . . shall disclose to any person that the [FBI] has sought or obtained access to information or records under this section"