62 Cited authorities

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 285,898 times 371 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife
504 U.S. 555 (1992) Cited 29,856 times 145 Legal Analyses
Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"
Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA
568 U.S. 398 (2013) Cited 3,498 times 170 Legal Analyses
Holding no standing existed where alleged injury was "based on hypothetical future harm that is not certainly impending."
List v. Driehaus
573 U.S. 149 (2014) Cited 2,274 times 12 Legal Analyses
Holding that injury was imminent because plaintiffs demonstrated that enforcement actions took place 20 to 80 times each year and thus "are not a rare occurrence"
Daimlerchrysler Corp. v. Cuno
547 U.S. 332 (2006) Cited 2,991 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiffs did not have standing because their injury was " 'conjectural or hypothetical' in that it depend[ed] on how legislators respond[ed] to a reduction in revenue"
Wilton v. Seven Falls Co.
515 U.S. 277 (1995) Cited 4,467 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding that in declaratory judgment actions, district courts have “greater” discretion to abstain than under Colorado River's “exceptional circumstances” test
Valley Forge College v. Americans United
454 U.S. 464 (1982) Cited 5,105 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding that "the psychological consequence presumably produced by observation of conduct with which one disagrees ... is not an injury sufficient to confer standing under Art. III, even though the disagreement is phrased in constitutional terms"
Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
561 U.S. 139 (2010) Cited 1,248 times 14 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiffs, alfalfa farmers, had standing based on a causal chain, though plaintiffs did not identify particular alfalfa plants that had been, or would necessarily be, pollinated by bees who carried the genetically engineered gene at issue
Raines v. Byrd
521 U.S. 811 (1997) Cited 1,902 times 10 Legal Analyses
Holding specifically and only that "individual members of Congress [lack] Article III standing"
Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dept
901 F.2d 696 (9th Cir. 1988) Cited 16,758 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that a cognizable gender discrimination claim could be brought by a female domestic violence victim where the victim alleged police denied protection and made misogynistic comments including that "he did not blame [the victim's] husband for hitting her, because of the way she was 'carrying on'"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 368,488 times 970 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Section 2201 - Creation of remedy
28 U.S.C. § 2201 Cited 25,386 times 63 Legal Analyses
Granting district courts the authority to create a remedy with the force of a final judgment
Section 793 - Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information
18 U.S.C. § 793 Cited 194 times 4 Legal Analyses
Referring to § 793 "for the purpose aforesaid"
Section 1805 - Issuance of order
50 U.S.C. § 1805 Cited 100 times
Requiring "probable cause to believe . . . the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power"
Section 1881a - Procedures for targeting certain persons outside the United States other than United States persons
50 U.S.C. § 1881a Cited 83 times 11 Legal Analyses
Permitting review of FISA orders by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Section 2709 - Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records
18 U.S.C. § 2709 Cited 45 times 8 Legal Analyses
Containing the NSL non-disclosure requirement mandating that "no [ECSP] . . . shall disclose to any person that the [FBI] has sought or obtained access to information or records under this section"
Section 1861 - Definitions
50 U.S.C. § 1861 Cited 33 times 6 Legal Analyses
Providing that "[n]o person shall disclose to any other person that the [FBI] has sought or obtained tangible things pursuant to an order under" Title V of FISA
Section 1824 - Issuance of order
50 U.S.C. § 1824 Cited 25 times
Concerning physical searches
Section 1842 - Pen registers and trap and trace devices for foreign intelligence and international terrorism investigations
50 U.S.C. § 1842 Cited 7 times
Pertaining to international terrorism and counterintelligence investigations

Twitter, Inc. v. Lynch et al

62 Cited authorities

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Holding no standing existed where alleged injury was "based on hypothetical future harm that is not certainly impending."

Holding that injury was imminent because plaintiffs demonstrated that enforcement actions took place 20 to 80 times each year and thus "are not a rare occurrence"

Holding that plaintiffs did not have standing because their injury was " 'conjectural or hypothetical' in that it depend[ed] on how legislators respond[ed] to a reduction in revenue"

Holding that in declaratory judgment actions, district courts have “greater” discretion to abstain than under Colorado River's “exceptional circumstances” test

Holding that "the psychological consequence presumably produced by observation of conduct with which one disagrees ... is not an injury sufficient to confer standing under Art. III, even though the disagreement is phrased in constitutional terms"

Holding that plaintiffs, alfalfa farmers, had standing based on a causal chain, though plaintiffs did not identify particular alfalfa plants that had been, or would necessarily be, pollinated by bees who carried the genetically engineered gene at issue

Holding specifically and only that "individual members of Congress [lack] Article III standing"

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Granting district courts the authority to create a remedy with the force of a final judgment

Referring to § 793 "for the purpose aforesaid"

Requiring "probable cause to believe . . . the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power"

Permitting review of FISA orders by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court

Containing the NSL non-disclosure requirement mandating that "no [ECSP] . . . shall disclose to any person that the [FBI] has sought or obtained access to information or records under this section"

Providing that "[n]o person shall disclose to any other person that the [FBI] has sought or obtained tangible things pursuant to an order under" Title V of FISA

Concerning physical searches

Pertaining to international terrorism and counterintelligence investigations